{"id":10102,"date":"2014-04-30T15:23:13","date_gmt":"2014-04-30T12:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=10102"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:58","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:58","slug":"iktidarin-korkusu-toplumsal-aktorlerin-kent-meydanlari-uzerinden-siyaset-alanini-genisletmeleri-bahar-bayhan-arkitera-com","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/iktidarin-korkusu-toplumsal-aktorlerin-kent-meydanlari-uzerinden-siyaset-alanini-genisletmeleri-bahar-bayhan-arkitera-com\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018\u0130ktidar\u0131n korkusu toplumsal akt\u00f6rlerin kent meydanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden siyaset alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeleri\u2019 \u2013 Bahar Bayhan (arkitera.com)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1 May\u0131s\u2019ta Taksim\u2019de olmak ne anlama geliyor? Neden Yenikap\u0131 Miting Alan\u0131 de\u011fil de Taksim Meydan\u0131? 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 Yenikap\u0131\u2019da de\u011fil de Taksim\u2019de kutlamay\u0131 istemek \u201c\u015f\u0131mar\u0131kl\u0131k\u201d m\u0131? Bu yaz\u0131da sorular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yoruz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"taksim-1mayis\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Yar\u0131n 1 May\u0131s \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve Emek\u00e7i Bayram\u0131. Tarih yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019nda kutlama yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 mevzusu da g\u00fcndemin tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konular\u0131ndan biri olmu\u015ftu. STK\u2019lar 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 Taksim\u2019de kutlamak istediklerini beyan ettiler, bunun \u00fczerine y\u00f6netim ise Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta kapal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek kutlamalar i\u00e7in Yenikap\u0131 Miting ve G\u00f6steri Alan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 adres g\u00f6sterdi. Ba\u015fbakan Erdo\u011fan, 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 Taksim\u2019de kutlama \u0131srar\u0131n\u0131 \u201csokakta \u015f\u0131mar\u0131kl\u0131k\u201d olarak nitelendirerek son noktay\u0131 koymu\u015ftu. \u015eimdi Taksim Meydan\u0131 adeta sava\u015fa haz\u0131rlan\u0131r gibi z\u0131rhl\u0131 ara\u00e7larla, polis barikatlar\u0131yla \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131n Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi durumu maalesef art\u0131k normalle\u015fti. Hele de ard\u0131m\u0131zda Gezi Park\u0131 deneyimi gibi bir s\u00fcrecin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele al\u0131n\u0131rsa Taksim\u2019de herhangi bir toplumsal harekete m\u00fcdahale ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale geldi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlarla Taksim Meydan\u0131 simgesel bir mekan olarak anlam kazan\u0131rken toplumsal hareketler, mekan ve iktidar ili\u015fkisini nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirmemiz gerekiyor?<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, birer kamusal mekan olan meydanlar\u0131n topluma kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sorunsalla\u015ft\u0131rarak tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015flatabiliriz. Herkesin olan ama hi\u00e7kimseye ait olmayan, toplumun her kesiminin kullan\u0131m\u0131na ve eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gereken meydanlar iktidar taraf\u0131ndan bu kadar kolay a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p kapat\u0131labilir mi?<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer m\u00fchim mesele ise Taksim\u2019deki bu \u0131srar\u0131n anlamland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Taksim Meydan\u0131 yaln\u0131zca herkesin toplanabilece\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131k kamusal mekan olmas\u0131ndan alm\u0131yor anlam\u0131n\u0131; 1 May\u0131s 1977 kutlamalar\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenleri anmak i\u00e7in de Taksim\u2019de 1 May\u0131s g\u00f6sterileri \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Di\u011fer taraftan y\u00f6netimin, bundan sonraki t\u00fcm mitinglerin, g\u00f6sterilerin Yenikap\u0131\u2019da yap\u0131lmas\u0131 hedefiyle in\u015fa ettikleri meydan projesi tam da burada anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitiriyor. Mekan\u0131n belle\u011fi, toplumsal hareketlerdeki anlam\u0131 konusunu burada sorunsalla\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

1 May\u0131s\u2019a saatler kala, kentin kamusall\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 da bu kadar \u00e7o\u011falm\u0131\u015fken konuyu masaya yat\u0131ral\u0131m istedik. Kafam\u0131zda u\u00e7u\u015fan sorular\u0131 Ya\u015far Adanal\u0131\u2019ya sorduk, yan\u0131t bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal hareketler ile meydanlar\u0131n ili\u015fkisini nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirirsin?<\/em><\/p>\n

12 y\u0131ll\u0131k AKP iktidar\u0131 bir \u015feyi \u00f6\u011frettiyse o da siyaset alan\u0131 toplumsal alanda geni\u015flemedi\u011fi m\u00fcddet\u00e7e demokratikle\u015fmenin de ilerletilemeyece\u011fidir. Siyaset alan\u0131n\u0131n, kentsel ve k\u0131rsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projeleri ile ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ku\u015fatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mevcut otoriter neoliberalizm d\u00f6neminde geni\u015fleyece\u011fi yer de mekan(da)d\u0131r. Yani demokratikle\u015fme ayn\u0131 zamanda bir mekan meselesi ve m\u00fccadelesi olmak zorunda.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktidar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mekan m\u00fccadelesinin iki aya\u011f\u0131 var. \u00d6ncelikle hegemonya aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n merkezinde kentsel ve k\u0131rsal mekan\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yer almakta. Ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131, ya\u015fayanlar\u0131 ve bedenleri ku\u015fatan, bask\u0131layan, s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya saran bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 zor kullanarak veya m\u00fcmk\u00fcnse r\u0131za \u00fcreterek, ama katiyen kat\u0131l\u0131m imkan\/mekanlar\u0131n\u0131 yaratmadan i\u015fletildi. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131na, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 mek\u00e2nlara ve bedenlerine dair kritik kararlar\u0131 alma imkanlar\u0131 asgari d\u00fczeyde tutuldu. Mek\u00e2na dair plan, proje ve politikalar tek adam ve en yak\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki sermaye ve teknokratik-y\u00f6neti\u015fim eliti taraf\u0131ndan belirleniyordu. Ayr\u0131ca mekan\u0131, gerek (giderek daha da militarize edilen polisiye ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanarak) bask\u0131c\u0131 iktidar mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 devreye soktu\u011fu, gerekse de k\u00fclt\u00fcr sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 derinle\u015ftirerek kendi taban\u0131nda iktidar\u0131na r\u0131za \u00fcretti\u011fi bir meydan muharebesi alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Taksim Meydan\u0131 da i\u015fte hem \u2018gizli projelerle\u2019 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iktidar\\sermaye mekan\u0131, hem polisi y\u0131\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131 mekan\u0131, hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcr sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir cephe mekan\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u201cDemokratikle\u015fmeyi ayn\u0131 zamanda bir mekan m\u00fccadelesi olarak ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda umutlu olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok sebep var\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gezi Park\u0131 eylemleriyle birlikte Taksim Meydan\u0131 nas\u0131l bir anlam kazand\u0131?<\/em><\/p>\n

2013 May\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n son haftas\u0131ndan Haziran\u0131n ikinci haftas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede, asl\u0131nda 39 ayr\u0131 \u015fehir\/il\u00e7eden olu\u015fan, y\u00fczlerce mahalle, milyonlarca insan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z \u0130stanbul\u2019da mekan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131rlar ortadan kalkt\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019un metrob\u00fcs kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dirsek temas\u0131 bulunmayan sakinleri belki de hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar ve s\u0131kl\u0131kta yak\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131lar. Aralar\u0131ndaki soyut yurtta\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 veya Benedict Anderson\u2019un \u2018Hayali Cemaatler\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusal tahayy\u00fcl, kente ve kentin siyasetine aidiyet anlam\u0131ndaki kentsel yurtta\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131yla yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Gazi ile Gezi aras\u0131nda, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak direni\u015fin ruhunu besleyen ya\u015famsal bir kordon ba\u011f\u0131 kuruldu. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y\u2019\u00fcn K\u00f6pr\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, k\u0131talararas\u0131 kalk\u0131\u015fma harekete moral \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck sa\u011flarken, kli\u015fele\u015fmi\u015f \u2018k\u00f6pr\u00fc metaforu\u2019 belki de ilk defa bir \u00e7ok \u0130stanbullu i\u00e7in toplumsal bir anlam kazand\u0131. Be\u015fikta\u015f ve Taksim, g\u00fcnlerce sezgisel bir birliktelik geli\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n

Malum, iktidar \u2018h\u00fckmetme teknolojilerini\u2019 kullanarak Taksim Meydan\u0131 ve Gezi Park\u0131\u2019n\u0131, yani direni\u015fin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezini, ele ge\u00e7irdi. Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 adeta ku\u015fatt\u0131. Direni\u015f mekan\u0131n\u0131, elindeki geli\u015fmi\u015f kontrol ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla iktidar mekan\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131rtmak suretiyle a\u00e7\u0131lacak toplumsal fay hatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden direni\u015fi s\u00f6n\u00fcmlendirecek bir politika hedefledi. K\u0131smen de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen mekan, bo\u015falt\u0131lan Park ve Meydan\u2019\u0131 bo\u015f bir kap olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz. \u0130ktidar bu kab\u0131 da koca koca bilyelerle (TOMA, Akrep ve \u00e7evik kuvvet gibi) a\u011fz\u0131na kadar doldurdu, halen de buralar dolu vaziyette. Ancak, muhtemelen kimsenin pek de \u00f6ng\u00f6remedi\u011fi bir \u015fekilde, bu bilyeler aras\u0131nda kalan bo\u015fluklar yeni direni\u015f imkan\/mekanlar\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim halinde yatay ve otonom hareketler bu bo\u015fluklar\u0131, adeta kum gibi doldurmaktalar. Yani bir \u00e7ekim merkezi ve etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen, pozisyon alan alt merkezler halinde patlak veren bu m\u00fccadelenin ger\u00e7ek anlamda yerelle\u015fmesi, kurumsal mekanizmalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeni bir siyaset ve kamusall\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurmas\u0131n\u0131n kendili\u011finden bir zemini olu\u015ftu. \u0130stanbul \u00f6zelinde tohumu Gezi Park\u0131\u2019nda at\u0131lan, b\u00fcy\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan da Abbasa\u011fa Park\u0131\u2019nda filizlenen ve 2 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde otuzun \u00fczerinde yerel noktada b\u00fcy\u00fcyen park demokrasisi kentin farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131na yay\u0131lan ve aslen mekanda verilen m\u00fccadeleler silsilesi olarak bug\u00fcne kadar geldi. Park forumlar\u0131, i\u015fgal evleri, i\u015fgal fabrikalar\u0131, kent bostanlar\u0131 derken se\u00e7im (Oy ve \u00d6tesi) ve siyasi parti (Occupy CHP) gibi mevcut kurumsal ara\u00e7 ve akt\u00f6rlerin bile siyaset alan\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesiyle d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilece\u011finin ipuclar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131k. Yani demokratikle\u015fmeyi ayn\u0131 zamanda bir mekan m\u00fccadelesi olarak ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda umutlu olmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok sebep bulunmakta.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130ktidar\u0131n korkusu toplumsal akt\u00f6rlerin senede bir g\u00fcn Taksim Meydan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 de\u011fil; kent meydanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden siyaset alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeleri\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"taksimyaya.jpg\"<\/a>
Yayala\u015ft\u0131rma projesinden sonra Taksim Meydan\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"taksimyaya2.jpg\"<\/a>
Yayala\u015ft\u0131rma projesinden sonra Taksim Meydan\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Taksim Meydan\u0131 Yayala\u015ft\u0131rma Projesi\u2019nin 1 May\u0131s g\u00f6sterilerine etkisi nas\u0131l olacak?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d6nceki yaz\u0131mda da belirtmi\u015ftim, Taksim sadece T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de\u011fil, muhtemelen Avrupa\u2019da da en militarist kentsel noktalardan biri halini alm\u0131\u015f durumda. Taksim Meydan\u0131 Yayala\u015ft\u0131rma Projesi\u2019ni aslen bir ula\u015f\u0131m projesi olarak de\u011fil de militarist altyap\u0131 projesi olarak de\u011ferlendirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Tarlaba\u015f\u0131 Bulvar\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet Caddesi ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcnel ile yer alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, hem Meydan\u2019a giri\u015f \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flarda yaya ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rarak \u2018kontrol noktas\u0131\u2019 olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rmekte, hem de Meydan\u2019\u0131n \u2018yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 durumlarda ara\u00e7 trafi\u011finin etkilenmemesini sa\u011flamakta. Bu durumun 1 May\u0131s\u2019ta farkl\u0131 g\u00fczergahlardan formal veya enformal yollardan Taksim\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak toplumsal hareketlerin i\u015fini zorla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131, meydan\u0131 ku\u015fatan polislere avantaj sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 muhakkak.<\/p>\n

Taksim 1 May\u0131s\u2019a kapat\u0131l\u0131rken g\u00f6steriler i\u00e7in Yenikap\u0131 Miting Alan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n adres g\u00f6sterilmesi hakk\u0131nda neler s\u00f6ylersin?<\/em><\/p>\n

Toplumsal ve siyasal hareketler, kent meydanlar\u0131ndan toplumsal ve siyasal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm taleplerini duyurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Kendi iktidar\u0131n\u0131 ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun korumaya, sars\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir iktidar i\u00e7in toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm talebinin \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k. \u0130ktidar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan as\u0131l korkutucu olan ise sendikalar\u0131n, meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n, kitle \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin, yani konvansiyonel toplumsal akt\u00f6rlerin senede bir g\u00fcn Taksim Meydan\u0131 gibi sembolik \u00f6neme sahip mekanlar\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 de\u011fil elbet. Mevzu, Gezi\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan, asl\u0131nda konjonkt\u00fcrel ve k\u00fcresel olarak bir \u00e7ok ba\u015fka kentsel harekete ve kent meydanlar\u0131na eklemlenen, konvansiyonel toplumsal & siyasal akt\u00f6rleri de i\u00e7eren ancak karakteri itibariyle gayri nizami toplumsal kalk\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kent meydanlar\u0131 \u00fczerinden siyaset alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeleri, buralar\u0131 yeniden \u00fcreterek meydanlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterek siyaset alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeleri ve yeniden anlamland\u0131rmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunun varaca\u011f\u0131 nokta iktidar\u0131n hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131. \u0130\u015fte bu y\u00fczden Yenikap\u0131 ve Maltepe Dolgu Alanlar\u0131na, sanki kekli\u011fi d\u00fcz ovada avlamak istermi\u015f gibi yap\u0131lan miting alanlar\u0131, Taksim ve Kad\u0131k\u00f6y gibi ger\u00e7ek anlamdaki kent meydanlar\u0131na alternatif olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Kamusal mekan\u0131 yeniden anlamland\u0131rman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, veya bu anlamland\u0131rma m\u00fccadelesinin s\u0131f\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131, siyaset zemininin kendisinin iktidar taraf\u0131ndan (literal olarak) in\u015fa edildi\u011fi kontroll\u00fc yapay meydanlar\u0131n adres g\u00f6sterilmesi otoriterle\u015fen iktidar\u0131n varolu\u015fsal korkular\u0131 gere\u011fi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"1 May\u0131s\u2019ta Taksim\u2019de olmak ne anlama geliyor? Neden Yenikap\u0131 Miting Alan\u0131 de\u011fil…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-10102","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10102\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}