\u0130stanbul her ya\u011fmurda ayn\u0131 manzaralar\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor; su bask\u0131nlar\u0131, caddelerden denize d\u00f6k\u00fclen \u015felaleler, suyun gitmesi gereken altyap\u0131 bo\u015fluklar\u0131ndan geri tepen sular.. Giderek s\u0131kla\u015fan bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerin iki y\u00f6n\u00fc var. Bir yanda do\u011fan\u0131n, kentlerin betonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak ya\u011fmalanmas\u0131, di\u011fer yanda plans\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa ve bilimden uzak \u201c\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u201dlere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kent altyap\u0131lar\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul\u2019un her metrekaresinin betonla kapland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek ya\u015fananlar\u0131 anlamak o kadar da zor olmayacak. Her park\u0131n yap\u0131la\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her a\u011fac\u0131n kesildi\u011fi, her k\u00f6\u015fe ba\u015f\u0131na ucube g\u00f6kdelenlerin dikildi\u011fi bir kent anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fanabilir bir \u0130stanbul yaratmas\u0131 beklenemez. Ancak bu yaz\u0131da su ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201caltyap\u0131<\/strong>\u201d a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirece\u011fim.<\/p>\n Ya\u011fmur suyu drenaj\u0131 ile ilgili \u00a0sorunlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda\u00a0 de\u011ferlendirebiliriz. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar s\u0131ras\u0131 ile planlama-projelendirme, in\u015faat ve i\u015fletme-bak\u0131m.<\/p>\n 1-Planlama ve projelendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n Ya\u011fmur suyu drenaj \u015febekesinin planlanmas\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle ana toplay\u0131c\u0131 kanallar belirleniyor. Ana toplay\u0131c\u0131 kanallar \u015fehrin uzun y\u0131llar sonraki durumu dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Ancak, \u0130stanbul gibi bir \u015fehirde bir y\u0131l sonra bile nelerin de\u011fi\u015fece\u011finin \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi, planlama\u00a0 yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furuyor. Yap\u0131lan yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rnekleyelim: Ya\u011fmur suyunun topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f alan\u0131,\u00a0 ak\u0131\u015f kat say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re k\u0131s\u0131mlara ayr\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mlar ye\u015fil alanlar, konut alanlar\u0131, park-pah\u00e7eler, meydanlar v.b. Ak\u0131\u015f kat say\u0131s\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fen ya\u011fmurun ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ifade ediyor. Bu katsay\u0131 ye\u015fil alanlarda 0.1 – 0.3 iken konut alanlar\u0131 ve \u015fehir merkezinde 0.95\u2019lere kadar \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/strong> Planlama a\u015famas\u0131nda ye\u015fil alan olarak \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir alan ilerleyen y\u0131llarda konuta, yola\u00a0 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ak\u0131\u015fa ge\u00e7mesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 10 kata kadar art\u0131yor.<\/strong> Art\u0131\u015fa ra\u011fmen altyap\u0131 ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in su bask\u0131nlar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Sadece planlama a\u015famas\u0131nda de\u011fil projelendirme a\u015famas\u0131nda da bir \u00e7ok hata yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Ya\u011fmur suyu toplama \u015febekeleri genellikle yap\u0131la\u015fma bittikten sonra tamamlan\u0131yor. Bu durum projelendirme safhas\u0131nda \u00e7ok ciddi sorunlara sebebiyet veriyor. \u015eebeke, tamamlanm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131la\u015fmaya uymak zorunda kal\u0131yor, projelendirme kriterleri ihlal ediliyor.\u00a0 Ya\u011fmur suyu \u015febekesi \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile daha sonra yap\u0131lacak olan konut ya da yol sanat yap\u0131lar\u0131(k\u00f6pr\u00fc, viyad\u00fck, alt ge\u00e7it v.b) i\u00e7in ya\u011fmur suyu \u015febekesinin yeri de\u011fi\u015ftiriliyor. Hidrolik yap\u0131larda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131s\u0131m de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f olsa bile sistemin tamam\u0131n\u0131 etkiler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131na neden olur. \u0130stanbul gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fehirde her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn bir \u00e7ok konut projesi, kav\u015fak projesi, yol projesi hesaps\u0131zca hayata ge\u00e7iriliyor. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcz yap\u0131lan her \u00fcst yap\u0131 \u015fehrin alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tahrip<\/strong> ediyor.<\/p>\n 2-\u0130n\u015faat<\/strong><\/p>\n Yap\u0131la\u015fma tamamland\u0131ktan sonra nas\u0131l projelendirmede zorluklar ve hatalar oluyorsa ya\u011fmur suyu \u015febekesi in\u015faatlar\u0131nda daha da fazlas\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor. Projelendirme hidrolik kriterlere g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile plans\u0131z yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n oldu\u011fu sokaklarda ve semtlerde bu \u015febekelerin in\u015faatlar\u0131 teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve \u00e7o\u011fu zamanda projeye uyulmadan yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Yap\u0131lan hatalar;<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Projede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen baz\u0131 drenaj hatlar\u0131 in\u015fa edilmemi\u015f olabiliyor. Bu k\u0131s\u0131mlardaki yol ve bah\u00e7e drenajlar\u0131 at\u0131k su \u015febekesine ba\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Projede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen baca yerlerine riayet edilmemi\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eebeke hatlar\u0131nda yatay ve d\u00fc\u015fey k\u0131r\u0131klar olu\u015fturularak suyun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 engelleniyor.<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Baz\u0131 drenaj hatlar\u0131 k\u0131sa yoldan at\u0131k su hatt\u0131na ba\u011flanabiliyor.<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Y\u0131kama bacalar\u0131 standartlara uygun imal edilmeyebiliyor.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 3- \u0130\u015fletme-Bak\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130\u015fletmeye a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ya\u011fmur suyu \u015febekelerinin i\u015fletilmesinde de bir \u00e7ok hata yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Bir\u00e7ok binan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131 ya\u011fmur suyu, varsa havuz drenajlar\u0131, bah\u00e7e drenajlar\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla veya kolay oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in at\u0131k su \u015febekesine ba\u011flan\u0131yor. Bu durum yine at\u0131k su \u015febekesinde ta\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Ya\u011fmur suyu \u015febekelerinin in\u015faat\u0131 kriterlere uygun yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile periyodik bak\u0131mlar\u0131 yeterli s\u0131kl\u0131kta yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u011fmur suyu \u0131zgaralar\u0131 ve \u015febekesi t\u0131kal\u0131 durumda. Bu konuya ili\u015fkin kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m yerden bir \u00f6rnek vereyim. 5 ayd\u0131r 4. Levent Emniyetevler metro \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mekteyim ve \u0131srarla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n yan\u0131ndaki ya\u011fmur suyu \u0131zgaras\u0131n\u0131 her g\u00fcn kontrol ediyorum. A\u011fz\u0131na kadar \u00e7amurla dolmu\u015f vaziyette. Belediye veya \u0130SK\u0130 taraf\u0131ndan en ufak bir temizleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fcyor. Yine yan tarafta, yerde ya\u011fmur suyu \u0131zgaras\u0131ndan at\u0131k su yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ya\u011fmur suyunun girmesi gereken yerden at\u0131k su \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorsa yukarda bahsetti\u011fim hatalar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011fu ayn\u0131 anda vuku bulmu\u015f demektir.<\/p>\n \u201cSon y\u0131llarda ya\u011f\u0131\u015flarda art\u0131\u015f var\u201d denilerek yukardaki teknik eksikliklerin ve altyap\u0131 skandallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Altyap\u0131, ya\u015fanan su bask\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201csonu\u00e7\u201d<\/strong> k\u0131sm\u0131na dair bir parametredir. Su emiliminin yok edilmesi(kent merkezlerinde suyun bulu\u015fabilece\u011fi en ufak toprak par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n dahi b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131), ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n betonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (\u0130stanbul\u2019un d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen mega y\u0131k\u0131m projeleri) \u00a0her ya\u011fmur sonras\u0131 meydana gelen manzalar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cneden\u201d<\/strong> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor. Do\u011fay\u0131 tahrip edenler bir taraftan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 plans\u0131z altyap\u0131larla katmerli bir kriz yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Muzaffer Karademir<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul her ya\u011fmurda ayn\u0131 manzaralar\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor; su bask\u0131nlar\u0131, caddelerden denize d\u00f6k\u00fclen \u015felaleler,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4723,1991],"tags":[164,2113],"class_list":{"0":"post-11798","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kent-ve-doga-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-sel","10":"tag-su-baskinlari"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11798"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11798\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}