Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu`nun, kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedellerinin haks\u0131z oldu\u011fu ve yurtta\u015flara geri \u00f6denmesine y\u00f6nelik karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 AKP H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedellerinin d\u00fcr\u00fcst kullan\u0131c\u0131lardan tahsil edilmesi i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Maliyet unsuru olarak kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedellerinin faturalara yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasa ile d\u00fczenlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan iktidar, uygulamaya kar\u015f\u0131 yurtta\u015flar\u0131n dava a\u00e7malar\u0131, t\u00fcketici hakem heyetlerine ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131n\u0131 da yasaklamay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcne kadar yurtta\u015flar\u0131n geri ald\u0131klar\u0131 kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedelleri de geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck olarak mahkeme giderleri dahil olmak \u00fczere yeniden tarifelere yans\u0131t\u0131lacak.<\/p>\n
Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin haks\u0131z kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, hukukun genel ilkeleri de \u00e7i\u011fnenmek suretiyle garanti alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu d\u00fczenleme tasla\u011f\u0131, dava a\u00e7ma hakk\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici ve a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan davalar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesini i\u00e7ermesiyle, hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi, temel insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.
\nHaz\u0131rlanan yasa tasla\u011f\u0131yla, “Teknik ve teknik olmayan kay\u0131plara ili\u015fkin maliyetler da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m tarifelerinde yer al\u0131r ve t\u00fcketicilere yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r” d\u00fczenlemesi getiriliyor. Bug\u00fcne kadar herhangi bir yasal mevzuatta yer almayan kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak enerji bedellerinin t\u00fcketiciye yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lan tasla\u011fa g\u00f6re, kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak hedeflerinin tespitini ve bu bedelin t\u00fcketicilere yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 EPDK ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek.<\/p>\n
Yurtta\u015flara Hak Arama Yasa\u011f\u0131<\/strong> 3 Y\u0131lda 13 Milyar Liral\u0131k Kay\u0131p ve Ka\u00e7ak Tahsilat\u0131<\/strong> Yasal Olsa da Adaletsiz<\/strong> Ka\u00e7ak Kullan\u0131m Maliyet Unsuru Kabul Edilemez<\/strong> Kay\u0131p ve Ka\u00e7ak Denetimsiz<\/strong> EMO Y\u00f6netim Kurulu<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu`nun, kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedellerinin haks\u0131z oldu\u011fu ve yurtta\u015flara…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2010],"tags":[2278,1455],"class_list":{"0":"post-14059","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-basin-aciklamalari","8":"tag-elektrik-enerjisi","9":"tag-enerji-hakki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14059"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14059\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14059"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nYap\u0131lmak istenilen yasal d\u00fczenleme ile vatanda\u015flar\u0131n t\u00fcketici hakem heyetlerine ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 ve bu yolla maddi hatalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kendilerinden haks\u0131z tahsil edilen bedelleri talep etmelerinin \u00f6n\u00fc t\u0131kan\u0131yor. Kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedelinin “vergi, resim ve har\u00e7” olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcren ve “maliyet unsuru” olarak tan\u0131mlayan yasa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, yurtta\u015flar\u0131n hukuki m\u00fccadele hakk\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle engelleniyor:
\n“Kurul kararlar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu m\u00fcddet\u00e7e, kararlar uyar\u0131nca kamu ve \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015filerince yap\u0131lan uygulamalar, maddi hatalar hari\u00e7 d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemin iptalinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak dava konusu edilemez ve T\u00fcketici Hakem Heyetlerine m\u00fcracaat edilemez. S\u00f6z konusu bedeller ile ilgili mahkeme ve t\u00fcketici hakem heyeti karar\u0131na istinaden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketleri ya da g\u00f6revli tedarik \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan iadeler ve mahkeme karar\u0131nda yer alan giderler tarifeler yoluyla kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.”
\nYasa tasla\u011f\u0131na eklenen bir ge\u00e7ici madde ile devam eden davalar da ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131yor. Buna g\u00f6re, t\u00fcketici hakem heyetlerine ba\u015fvuru ya da t\u00fcketici mahkemeleri ile icra m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerinde devam eden her t\u00fcrl\u00fc icra takibi, dava ve ba\u015fvurular da d\u00fc\u015fecek.
\nH\u00fck\u00fcmet, bu d\u00fczenleme ile hem Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu`nun karar\u0131n\u0131 yok saymakta, hem karar\u0131n gerek\u00e7esini dahi dikkate almamakta, hem de yurtta\u015flar\u0131n gelirlerine \u015firketlere aktarmak \u00fczere el koymaktad\u0131r. EMO olarak s\u00f6z konusu yasa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin temel saptamalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 maddeler halinde \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
\n– Kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131n\u0131 indirecekleri s\u00f6ylemiyle elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 satan AKP H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bug\u00fcne kadar EPDK ile birlikte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemelerle \u015firketlerin kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak hedeflerini revize ederek, hedeflerin bile \u00fczerinde yurtta\u015flardan haks\u0131z tahsilat yapmalar\u0131na olanak sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. En son a\u00e7\u0131klanan 2012 y\u0131l\u0131 verileri ve 3 ayl\u0131k tarifelerdeki her bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 grubu i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 belirlenen kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedelleri esas al\u0131narak, ortalama kilovat saat ba\u015f\u0131na tahsil edilen kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedeli hesaplanm\u0131\u015f ve 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 134.7 milyar kilovat saatlik t\u00fcketim \u00fczerinden 3.5 milyar lira kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedelinin yurtta\u015flardan \u015firketlere aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 1.5 t\u00fcketim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, yine abone gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedelleri esas al\u0131n\u0131p yap\u0131lan hesaplamada ise 136.7 milyar kilovat saatlik t\u00fcketim \u00fczerinden kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak tahsilat\u0131n\u0131n 5 milyar TL`ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yine tarife gruplar\u0131na g\u00f6re kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedelleri ortalamas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fczde 2`lik t\u00fcketim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 tahminiyle kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedelinin bu y\u0131l da 5 milyar TL olaca\u011f\u0131 belirlenmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenleme 3 y\u0131lda 13 milyar TL`ye ula\u015fan haks\u0131z kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedeli tahsilat\u0131n\u0131 garantiledi\u011fi gibi, hem de kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak hedeflerini her seferinde \u015firketlerle birlikte EPDK`n\u0131n yeniden belirlemesine dayanak kazand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Yani 3 y\u0131lda kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak yoluyla \u015firketlere yurtta\u015flar \u00fczerinden aktar\u0131lan 13 milyar TL, 18 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeleri ile “\u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fclen” 12-13 milyar dolarl\u0131k sat\u0131\u015f rakam\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. \u00d6zelle\u015ftirmenin “g\u00fczelli\u011fi” yurtta\u015flara de\u011fil, \u015firketleredir.<\/p>\n
\n– \u00d6ncelikle Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, “Elektrik enerjisinin nakli esnas\u0131nda meydana gelen kay\u0131p ile ba\u015fka ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan h\u0131rs\u0131zlanmak suretiyle kullan\u0131lan elektrik bedellerinin, kurallara uyan abonelerden tahsili yoluna gitmek hukuk devleti ve adalet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ile ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r” saptamas\u0131n\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi karar; kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedellerinin yasal dayana\u011f\u0131 olmamas\u0131na de\u011fil; hukuka ve adalete uygun olmamas\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Yani yap\u0131lmak istenen adaletten uzak bir yasal d\u00fczenleme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.
\n– Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu, mevcut uygulaman\u0131n kamu yarar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde tespit etmi\u015ftir. Paras\u0131n\u0131 her hal\u00fckarda tahsil eden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n teknik geli\u015fmelerine ayak uydurmas\u0131na engel olundu\u011fu, kendi teknik alt ve \u00fcstyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yenileme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n duyulmayaca\u011f\u0131, elektri\u011fi h\u0131rs\u0131zlamak suretiyle kullanan ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem alma ve takip etmek i\u00e7in gerekli giri\u015fimlerde bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131n engellenece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yani da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerine her durumda kar ettirme \u00fczerine kurulu bu sistemde kamu yarar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n– Kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak bedellerinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme \u00f6ncesinde de tarifelere yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilerek, bu bedelin maliyet unsuru olarak kabul edilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Kamu elindeyken kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n tarifelerle t\u00fcketicilerden tahsil edilmesi karar\u0131 “vergi salma” benzeri bir karar olarak siyasi iradenin tercihi olabilir. Ancak serbestle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir piyasada h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bedelinin d\u00fcr\u00fcst yurtta\u015flardan tahsilat\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Serbest piyasada h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 tek sistem olarak “sigorta” uygulamas\u0131 ya da \u015firket sahibinin sorumlulu\u011fu esast\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki bu uygulaman\u0131n devam\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelerin temel gerek\u00e7elerinden olan kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n en aza indirilmesi iddias\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
\n– \u00d6zelle\u015ftirmelerle birlikte kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte ne kadar oldu\u011fu da bilinemez hale gelmi\u015ftir. \u015eirketlerin talepleri \u00fczerine \u00f6nce genel olarak daha sonra baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler baz\u0131nda hedef kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak y\u00fckseltilmi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak oranlar\u0131 ise da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketleri taraf\u0131ndan bilinmekte, kamuoyuna net bir bilgi verilmedi\u011fi gibi, bu alanda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir denetim ortam\u0131 da bulunmamaktad\u0131r. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ifade edilen y\u00fczde 17.92 oran\u0131ndaki ortalama kay\u0131p-ka\u00e7ak miktar\u0131n\u0131n, ger\u00e7ekte ne kadar oldu\u011funun kamusal bir denetim ve tespitle ortaya konulmas\u0131 zorunludur.
\n– \u0130letim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m altyap\u0131s\u0131nda meydana gelen teknik kay\u0131plar\u0131n en aza d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in teknolojik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n, bak\u0131m-onar\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yerinde, zaman\u0131nda, tekni\u011fine uygun ve ehil personel eliyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesi amac\u0131yla denetim mekanizmas\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmesi, ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131 i\u00e7in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015firketlerinin gerekli tedbirleri almas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Burada devlete d\u00fc\u015fen kay\u0131p ve ka\u00e7ak kullan\u0131m\u0131n sosyoekonomik boyutunu dikkate alarak “sosyal devlet” kapsam\u0131nda elektri\u011fin temel bir insani hak oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011finden hareket ederek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmektir.<\/p>\n