Hep biliyorduk ki T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, eme\u011fi ile ge\u00e7inen insanlardan, k\u0131sacas\u0131 emek\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Son istatistikler de bize \u00f6\u011fretti ki, toplumumuzun emek\u00e7i niteli\u011fi h\u0131zla yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde emek\u00e7ilerin pay\u0131, 2014\u2019te y\u00fczde 94,9\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yine biliyorduk ki emek\u00e7ilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fccretlilerden, yani hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fc\u00e7lerini satarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcren insanlardan; a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K verileri ortaya koymu\u015ftur ki, zaman i\u00e7inde toplumumuz daha fazla i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015fmektedir. Son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde (2004-2014 aras\u0131nda) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde \u00fccretli\/yevmiyeli insanlar\u0131n (i\u015f\u00e7ilerin) oran\u0131, y\u00fczde 65,7\u2019den 75,2\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
Demek oluyor ki, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011fine el koyarak ya\u015fayan s\u0131n\u0131f (burjuvazi) \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte, yaln\u0131zla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ama, kesintisiz geni\u015fleyen bir b\u00fcy\u00fck kalabal\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmak ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Hele hele, kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k tohumlar\u0131 i\u015fin do\u011fas\u0131nda varsa\u2026<\/p>\n
Bu kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeknesak olmamas\u0131 burjuvaziyi teskin edebilir. Zira, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kalabal\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fit \u00e7e\u015fit insanlar\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. \u00d6zellikle diplomal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar da, diplomalar\u0131n\u0131n yaratabilece\u011fi farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n beklentisi i\u00e7indedir. Bu t\u00fcr beklentiler, o b\u00fcy\u00fck kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 par\u00e7alara b\u00f6ler; ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ne var ki, bu beklenti giderek ge\u00e7ersizle\u015fmektedir. Sermayenin artan h\u00e2kimiyeti sonunda, meta \u00fcretimi, \u00fccretlilik ili\u015fkisi g\u00fcndelik hayat\u0131n her h\u00fccresine yerle\u015fir ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, \u00fccretleri, g\u00fcvencesizlikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan diplomal\u0131lar da di\u011ferlerine benze\u015fir; k\u0131sacas\u0131 proleterle\u015firler.<\/p>\n
Burjuvazi bu benze\u015fmenin fark edilmemesine; diplomal\u0131lar\u0131n di\u011ferleriyle ortak s\u0131n\u0131f aidiyetinin alg\u0131lanmamas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem verir. Bu nedenle d\u00fczmece s\u00f6ylemler (\u201corta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u201d) ve diplomal\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i kimliklerini gizleyen uydurma \u201cpozisyonlar\u201d icat edilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130lerici sosyal bilim ise, bu t\u00fcrden ideolojik deformasyonlara kar\u015f\u0131, diplomal\u0131lar\u0131n proleterle\u015fmesini ortaya koyan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara y\u00f6nelmektedir. Akl\u0131ma gelenleri s\u0131ralayay\u0131m: Tan\u0131l Bora ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt y\u0131l \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanan, Bo\u015funa m\u0131 Okuduk? Beyaz Yakal\u0131 \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fi, bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Elif Aksu Kaya, \u00d6zlem \u00d6zkan ve \u00d6zg\u00fcr Narin, \u201ci\u015f\u00e7ile\u015fen m\u00fchendisler\u201d, \u201chem\u015fire eme\u011fi\u201d ve \u201c\u00fcniversitelerde bilim yapmak\u201d \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 Eme\u011fin Kitab\u0131 derlemesinde yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131 daha \u00f6nce tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Ge\u00e7en hafta da, diplomal\u0131 proleterlerin gen\u00e7 bir alt-katman\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 merkezleri i\u015f\u00e7ilerini bizlere tan\u0131tan Gamze Y\u00fccesan-\u00d6zdemir\u2019in kitab\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmi\u015ftim.<\/p>\n
Bu do\u011frultuda yeni bir katk\u0131y\u0131 Orkun Saip Durmaz yap\u0131yor: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00d6\u011fretmen Olmak: Emek S\u00fcreci ve Yeniden Proleterle\u015fme (Nota Bene yay\u0131n\u0131, 2014).<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131n konusu olan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6\u011fretmen\u201d, daima eme\u011fi ile ge\u00e7inen bir insand\u0131; sonralar\u0131 icat edilen bir ifade ile \u201cbeyaz yakal\u0131 emek\u00e7i\u201d idi. \u00d6nceleri kendisini \u201cemek\u00e7i\u201d olarak nitelendirmezdi; devlet memuruydu, meslek sahibiydi. Ona, ayr\u0131ca, \u201cilmen, fennen, bedenen kuvvetli ve y\u00fcksek karakterli kimli\u011fi ile Cumhuriyet\u2019i muhafaza edecek\u201d \u00f6nc\u00fc kadrolar\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer alma g\u00f6revi verilmi\u015fti. Bu nedenle anneler, babalar \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 ona, \u201ceti senin, kemi\u011fi benim\u2026\u201d diye emanet ederlerdi.<\/p>\n
Ben b\u00f6yle bir aileden geliyorum. Rumeli muhaciri, erkeksiz bir kad\u0131n olan anneannem S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019te \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yaparken Yunan i\u015fgaliyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131; yan\u0131nda iki k\u0131z\u0131yla T\u00fcrk ordusuna kat\u0131ld\u0131; askerlere \u00e7orap dikerek; hastabak\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yaparak Polatl\u0131\u2019ya kadar geldi. Yunanl\u0131lar \u00e7ekilince S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u2019e d\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u0130ki k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmen okullar\u0131na verdi; \u201c\u00e7al\u0131ku\u015flar\u0131\u201d olarak yeti\u015ftirdi. Kemeralt\u0131 esnaf\u0131n\u0131n \u201cHocan\u0131m\u201d\u0131 olarak \u0130zmir\u2019de emekli oldu. Konya\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapan annem, lisede edebiyat \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan babamla tan\u0131\u015f\u0131p evlendi. Ben de Konyal\u0131 olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldim; aile gelene\u011fi olan \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcm.<\/p>\n
Orkun Saip Durmaz, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00d6\u011fretmen Olmak\u2019ta bizleri seksen y\u0131l sonras\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yor. Araya sermayenin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z tahakk\u00fcm\u00fc, piyasala\u015fma, ticarile\u015fme, \u00f6zel okullar, dershaneler girmi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011fretmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 emek\u00e7idir; ancak, konumu de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Ayn\u0131 i\u015fleri yaparken bile, meslek sahibi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirmektedir; zira, meslek\u00ee nitelikleri (eme\u011fi) metala\u015fmaya, \u201ci\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d olmaya ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Anne-babalar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in (devlet okullar\u0131 dahil) artan oranlarda bedel \u00f6demeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendilerini okul y\u00f6neticilerinin, patronlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterileri olarak alg\u0131layan veliler artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Arada kalan \u00f6\u011fretmenin sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 onar\u0131lamayacak boyutlarda a\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Veliler, bir telefon (\u201cAlo 147\u201d) \u015fik\u00e2yeti ile \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin geleceklerini karartabilmektedir. \u00d6\u011frencilerin \u201cg\u00fcnayd\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmenim\u201d hitab\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bir ho\u015f seda olarak an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Velilerin \u201cm\u00fc\u015fterile\u015fmesi\u201d ile e\u015f-zamanl\u0131 olarak, devlet okullar\u0131na (hastaneler ile birlikte) \u201ckapitalist i\u015fletme\u201d zihniyeti de a\u015f\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kadrolu \u00f6\u011fretmenlere performans uygulamalar\u0131, sicil amirini fiili i\u015fveren konumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancak, eme\u011fin tam anlam\u0131yla disiplin alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 tamamen esnekle\u015fmeli; emek\u00e7ilerin rekabeti yayg\u0131nla\u015fmal\u0131yd\u0131. S\u00f6zle\u015fmeli\/\u00fccretli altm\u0131\u015f bin, atamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin \u00f6\u011fretmen, y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan (tamamen i\u015f\u00e7ile\u015fmi\u015f) say\u0131s\u0131 belirsiz \u00f6zel okul \u00f6\u011fretmeni, asgari \u00fccret dahi \u00f6denmeyen stajyerler ve nihayet elli bini a\u015fk\u0131n dershane \u00f6\u011fretmeni\u2026 B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00fcvencesizle\u015fen bir emek ordusunun olu\u015fumu; yani proleterle\u015fme\u2026<\/p>\n
Proleterle\u015fme, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na, \u00fccretlere de yans\u0131yacakt\u0131r. Dershane \u00f6\u011fretmenleri i\u00e7in yirmi dakikal\u0131k \u00f6\u011fle molas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda on iki saate ula\u015fan mesai s\u00f6z konusudur. Kimi s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, dershane i\u00e7in tanesi \u00fc\u00e7-d\u00f6rt liradan 400 soru haz\u0131rlama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7ermekte; sorular\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmamas\u0131 halinde bu bedel ayl\u0131ktan kesilmektedir. \u201cPar\u00e7a ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fccret\u201d, b\u00f6ylece, arka kap\u0131dan e\u011fitim sistemine girmi\u015ftir. Herhalde bu nedenle dershane emek\u00e7ileri kendilerini \u201c\u00f6\u011fretmen\u201d olarak de\u011fil, \u201cdershaneci\u201d olarak adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretmeni, \u201cayd\u0131ndan ameleye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme\u201d, b\u00f6ylece, en zay\u0131f halkadan ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Orkun Saip Durmaz, bunlar\u0131 ve \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor; inceliyor. \u0130ncelemesini \u00f6nemli bir \u015fey yaparak ba\u015flat\u0131yor: \u00d6\u011fretmenlerin proleterle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin kavranmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken kuramsal alt-yap\u0131y\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor; sunuyor. \u201c\u00d6\u011fretmen kimdir?\u201d sorusunun, ancak toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde aranaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu aray\u0131\u015fa maddeci tarih perspektifinin \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n
Kitab\u0131n ilk \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki bu kuramsal tart\u0131\u015fma, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m somuta ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor. Bu gezinti boyunca, beyaz yakal\u0131 katmanlar, profesyonelle\u015fme ve orta s\u0131n\u0131flar; yabanc\u0131la\u015fma ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin konumu ele al\u0131n\u0131yor, neo-liberalizmin e\u011fitimde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere gelindi\u011finde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin kaderinde meydana gelen sars\u0131nt\u0131lar, \u00f6nce AKP\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n politikalar\u0131na, uygulamalar\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verilerek inceleniyor.<\/p>\n
Durmaz\u2019\u0131n kitab\u0131, alt\u0131 okul ve bir dershaneyi kapsayan bir alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n betimlenmesi ve incelenmesi ile son buluyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00d6\u011fretmen Olmak\u2019\u0131n ana akt\u00f6rleri, yani \u00f6\u011fretmenler, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya konu\u015fuyorlar ve e\u011fitim sistemindeki uzun s\u00fcreli bir bozulman\u0131n, AKP d\u00f6neminde \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen son a\u015famas\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyorlar.<\/p>\n
Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131m\u0131n meslekta\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in konu\u015fabilirim. \u00d6\u011frencili\u011fi ve \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fi biz b\u00f6yle, bug\u00fcnk\u00fcler gibi ya\u015famad\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Durmaz\u2019\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, bulgular\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeleri, bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeye kar\u015f\u0131 direnen, m\u00fccadele eden ki\u015filer, hareketler i\u00e7in gereken bilgi birikimine katk\u0131lar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
politeknik.org.tr<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hep biliyorduk ki T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusunun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, eme\u011fi ile ge\u00e7inen insanlardan, k\u0131sacas\u0131…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15035","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15035"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}