{"id":15092,"date":"2015-03-17T13:06:50","date_gmt":"2015-03-17T11:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=15092"},"modified":"2019-01-28T18:36:45","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T15:36:45","slug":"disk-ar-gecici-calisma-meyvesini-issizlik-olarak-veriyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/disk-ar-gecici-calisma-meyvesini-issizlik-olarak-veriyor\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u0130SK-AR: Ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma meyvesini i\u015fsizlik olarak veriyor!"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u0130SK Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (D\u0130SK-AR), T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan 2014 Aral\u0131k \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Anketi\u2019ni de\u011ferlendirdi. \u0130\u015fsizli\u011fin aral\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinde zirve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yeni bir rekor k\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen D\u0130SK-AR, geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fin y\u00fczde 18 oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti, yeni i\u015fsizlerin y\u00fczde 45\u2019inin ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fsiz gen\u00e7lerde geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizli\u011fin y\u00fczde 30\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u0130SK- AR Raporu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisinde b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f i\u015fsizlik verileri kriz d\u00f6nemi verilerinin \u00fczerinde tutmaya devem ediyor. Resmi i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10,9 ile ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131la g\u00f6re % 1,3 puan art\u0131\u015f kaydetti. Tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ise % 12,9 oldu. Resmi i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 yeni seriye g\u00f6re ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re 563 bin ki\u015filik art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi ve 3 milyon 145 bine ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu veri krizin en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 2009 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in 3 milyon 15 bindi. \u0130\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 bu verilere g\u00f6re kriz d\u00f6nemindeki say\u0131y\u0131 a\u015farak bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in de rekor k\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130\u015f talep edenlerin say\u0131s\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re 1 milyon 807 bin ki\u015fi artarken i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 29,8\u2019i oldu.<\/p>\n

Aral\u0131k 2014 d\u00f6neminde resmi i\u015fsizlere, umudu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ya da di\u011fer nedenlerle son 4 haftad\u0131r i\u015f arama kanallar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayan ve i\u015fe ba\u015flamaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011fu halde bu nedenle i\u015fsiz say\u0131lmayanlar da (umutsuzlar ve di\u011fer) dahil edildi\u011finde i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 17,8, i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 da 5 milyon 563 bin ki\u015fi olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130\u015finden memnun olmayan ya da daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istedi\u011fi halde d\u00fczg\u00fcn i\u015fler bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7aresiz k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli i\u015fler yapanlar (eksik ve yetersiz istihdam edilenler) ilave edildi\u011finde i\u015fsizler, gizli i\u015fsizler ve \u00e7aresizlerin toplam say\u0131s\u0131 6 milyon 665 bin ki\u015fiye ula\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n geni\u015f i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 ise % 21,4 oldu.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ise i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki aya g\u00f6re azalsa da i\u015fsizlik daha a\u011f\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fanmaya devam etti. Kad\u0131nlarda tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 16,7 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in resmi i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ise bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re 1,1 puan artarak % 12,6\u2019ya y\u00fckseldi. Kad\u0131nlar geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ise % 25 olarak oldu.
\nGe\u00e7ici bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p i\u015f bitti\u011fi i\u00e7in i\u015fsiz kalanlar toplam i\u015fsizler aras\u0131nda en a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 kesimi olu\u015fturdu. Toplam i\u015fsizlerin y\u00fczde 36\u2019s\u0131 yani 1 milyon 131 bini ge\u00e7ici i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar. Yeni i\u015fsizlerde (1-2 ayd\u0131r i\u015f arayanlar) ise ge\u00e7ici bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, i\u015f bitti\u011fi i\u00e7in i\u015fsiz kalanlar\u0131n oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 45\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. Ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma meyvesini i\u015fsizlik olarak verdi. Aral\u0131k d\u00f6neminde 286 bin ki\u015fi ise i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fsiz kalanlar kategorisinde yer ald\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n 183 bini yeni i\u015fsizler aras\u0131nda. \u0130\u015ften kendi iste\u011fi ile ayr\u0131lmak durumunda kalan yeni i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 ise 233 bin.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim mezunlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 yeni seriye g\u00f6re \u015eubat 2014 d\u00f6neminin 199 bin ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim mezunu resmi i\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 687 bin ki\u015fi. Resmi i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 11,3. Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim mezunu kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in ise bu oran y\u00fczde 16 seviyesinde. Geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik ise s\u00f6z konusu grup i\u00e7in y\u00fczde 20.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in (15-24 ya\u015f) geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 ise resmi % 20 rakam\u0131n\u0131n 10 puan \u00fczerinde y\u00fczde 30 seviyesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Gen\u00e7ler i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131m d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 22,5 ile ciddi boyutlara ula\u015ft\u0131. \u015eubat ay\u0131ndan bu yana tar\u0131md\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde gen\u00e7 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 3,1 puan art\u0131\u015f kaydetti.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu \u015eubat 2014 d\u00f6nemiyle birlikte yeni bir hesaplama y\u00f6ntemi ve seri kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Uluslararas\u0131 norm ve standartlar dikkate al\u0131narak veri derleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirildi. Ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda resmi olarak i\u015fsiz say\u0131lanlar\u0131n kapsam\u0131 da daralt\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6nceki uygulamada, referans d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7inde \u201cson \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u201d i\u00e7erisinde i\u015f arama kanallar\u0131ndan en az birini kullanm\u0131\u015f ve iki hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapabilecek durumda olan ki\u015filer \u201ci\u015fsiz\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyordu. Yeni uygulamada ise yaln\u0131zca \u201cson d\u00f6rt hafta\u201d i\u00e7erisinde i\u015f arama kanallar\u0131ndan en az birini kullanan ve iki hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapabilecek durumda olan ki\u015filer \u201ci\u015fsiz\u201d olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Yani 1,5-2 ay \u00f6nce i\u015f ba\u015fvurusu yapm\u0131\u015f olan ve i\u015fe ba\u015flamaya haz\u0131r bir ki\u015fi i\u015fsiz kategorisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ki\u015filer \u201ci\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne dahil olmayanlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u201c\u0130\u015f aramay\u0131p, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olanlar\u201d kategorisinde \u201cdi\u011fer\u201d s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirildi. \u00d6zellikle i\u015f bulma konusunda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7eken kad\u0131nlar\u0131n y\u00f6ntem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeni ile i\u015fsizlik kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. 2005 serisine g\u00f6re 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 aral\u0131k d\u00f6neminde i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10 iken 2014 serisi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 9,6 olarak a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. Y\u00f6ntem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 0,4 puan geriledi. \u0130\u015fsiz say\u0131s\u0131 ise yeni seride eski seriye g\u00f6re 165 bin ki\u015fi azald\u0131. T\u00dc\u0130K eski seriye g\u00f6re g\u00fcncel verileri payla\u015fm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

T\u00dc\u0130K yeni serisinde daha \u00f6nceki seride olan ve anket soru formunda yer alan i\u015fin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi ile ilgili verileri veritaban\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamaktan vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131ndaki geli\u015fim istihdam\u0131n niteli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Bu verinin web sitesinde ve veritaban\u0131nda art\u0131k payla\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131, daha \u00f6nce kolayca ula\u015f\u0131lan bir bilgiye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcrokratik s\u00fcre\u00e7lere ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu getirilmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir eksikliktir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00dc\u0130K \u0130\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc Anketi Aral\u0131k 2014 d\u00f6nemi verilerine g\u00f6re i\u015fsizlik hem g\u00f6r\u00fcnen hem g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen boyutlar\u0131yla tehlike sinyalleri vermeye devam ediyor. Bu tehlike gen\u00e7ler, kad\u0131nlar, ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi boyutlardad\u0131r. Gelecek d\u00f6nem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131 derinle\u015fti\u011fi taktirde g\u00fcvencesiz-ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, e\u011fitimli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n istihdamda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 problemlerin artaca\u011f\u0131 beklenebilir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerinin emsallerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu bir \u00fclkedir. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkeleri ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerindeki fark 12 saati bulmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 5 ki\u015finin yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi 4 ki\u015fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Bir yandan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oranlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltirken, \u00f6te yandan i\u015fsizlik verileri ile m\u00fccadele etmenin yeg\u00e2ne yolu, gelir kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7maks\u0131z\u0131n haftal\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerini azaltmaktan ge\u00e7mektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve sermaye \u00e7evreleri i\u015fsizlik verilerindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131, istihdam yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fini bozarak, yani yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda, daha esnek ve g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerini yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rarak durdurman\u0131n re\u00e7etelerini topluma sunmaktad\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet i\u015fveren \u00e7evrelerinin taleplerini Ulusal \u0130stihdam Strateji Belgesi ile programla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in, ta\u015feron \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131 fona devrederek ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131, k\u00f6lelik b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7irmeyi hedefleyen bu belge h\u00fck\u00fcmetin uygulama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcndemindedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fsizlikle m\u00fccadeleyi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirerek, \u00fccretleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu anlay\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131 durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu stratejinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 Soma\u2019da, Mecidiyek\u00f6y\u2019de, Ermenek\u2019te ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda ac\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu strateji i\u015fsizli\u011fin \u201cne i\u015f olsa yapar\u0131m\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda gizlenmesi, i\u015fletmelerin kar\u0131n\u0131 insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne alma stratejisidir. \u0130\u015fsizlikle ger\u00e7ek m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n