{"id":1619,"date":"2009-10-08T17:46:54","date_gmt":"2009-10-08T14:46:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=1619"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:33:08","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:33:08","slug":"hes-sureci-su-hakki-burolarini-bekliyor-gokhan-marim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/hes-sureci-su-hakki-burolarini-bekliyor-gokhan-marim\/","title":{"rendered":"HES S\u00fcreci Su Hakk\u0131 B\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131 Bekliyor – G\u00f6khan MARIM"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eu an neredeyse t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin derelerinde in\u015faat var.
Ne mi yap\u0131l\u0131yor?
Nehir tipi hidroelektrik santraller.<\/font><\/p>\n

Yani derede akan suyu \u00e7eviriyorlar sonra suyu uygun bir y\u00fckseklik sa\u011flanacak yere kadar t\u00fcnel ya da a\u00e7\u0131k kanal ile ta\u015f\u0131yorlar. Sonra da suyu oradan, potansiyel enerjisini elektrik enerjisine \u00e7evirecek bi\u00e7imde santral binas\u0131na g\u00f6nderiyorlar.
Peki, bu nehir tipi santralleri kimler yap\u0131yor?
2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir y\u00f6netmelikle \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r.
Yani T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin t\u00fcm dereleri, 2003 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u00f6zel \u015firketlerle yap\u0131lan su kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile sat\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00a0<\/p>\n

26 Haziran 2003 tarihli ve 25150 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan \u201cElektrik Piyasas\u0131nda \u00dcretim Faaliyetinde Bulunmak \u00dczere Su Kullan\u0131m Hakk\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 \u0130mzalanmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Usul ve Esaslar Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik\u201d ile derelerdeki su kullan\u0131m hakk\u0131 \u00f6zel \u015firketlere devrediliyor. B\u00f6ylece yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 2000 hidroelektrik santral projesinin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131m\u0131 planlan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

Dikkat edilirse; hemen her g\u00fcn \u00f6zellikle Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan HES\u2019ler ile ilgili haberler bas\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Bazen bir \u00e7evre \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yer buluyor bas\u0131nda; bazen y\u00f6re insan\u0131n\u0131n kitlesel eylemi ekranlara yans\u0131yor. Dere halklar\u0131 platform kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, baz\u0131 yerlerde davalara a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor baz\u0131 yerlerde kitlesel eylemler d\u00fczenleniyor. A\u00e7\u0131lan davalar sonucunda in\u015faat\u0131 durdurulan birka\u00e7 HES d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u015flemeye devam ediyor. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kimse ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor; merkezi-politik bir programdan s\u00f6z etmek ise imk\u00e2ns\u0131z. <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye hidroelektrik potansiyelinin sadece y\u00fczde 30\u2019lar mertebesinde kullanabiliyor. Hidroelektri\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki geli\u015fimi incelendi\u011finde ise g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fudur: 1989\u2019larda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplam elektrik ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 hidroelektrikten sa\u011flan\u0131rken, bug\u00fcn bu oran y\u00fczde 27\u2019ye gerilemi\u015ftir. \u015eu an da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 43\u2019i do\u011falgazdan, y\u00fczde 27\u2019si hidroelektrikten, y\u00fczde 26\u2019si k\u00f6m\u00fcrden, geri kalan y\u00fczde 4\u2019l\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm ise fuel oil\u2019den kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana do\u011falgazdan enerji \u00fcretimi y\u00fczde 15 artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji \u00fcretimi do\u011falgaza ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 haldedir. \u00a0<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hidroelektrik potansiyelin geli\u015ftirilmesi, do\u011falgaz\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa son verilmesi ve n\u00fckleer enerjiye ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gereklidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hidroelektrik enerji kayna\u011f\u0131, do\u011fal kaynakt\u0131r ve fiyat\u0131,\u00a0 petrol ve do\u011falgazdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Hidroelektrik enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 yenilenebilir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r; do\u011faya en az zarar veren enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00f6zellikle de Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, hafriyatlar\u0131n dere yataklar\u0131na d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yok yere binlerce a\u011fac\u0131n katledildi\u011fi, dere sular\u0131n\u0131n tamamen kesildi\u011fi hidroelektrik santrallere, yenilenebilir enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 demek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Dere sular\u0131n\u0131n sat\u0131\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu santraller vas\u0131tas\u0131yla do\u011fal kaynaklar halk\u0131n yarar\u0131na kullan\u0131l\u0131yor demek ise imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u015eimdi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim: Y\u0131llar boyu tarlan\u0131zda, ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, bah\u00e7enizde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z derenin suyu bir g\u00fcn kesiliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sizin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z su, \u201cSu Kullan\u0131m Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ile bir \u00f6zel firmaya sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Bu yap\u0131l\u0131rken, ne size sorulmu\u015f ne de sizden izin al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f. \u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn nehir tipi santrallere ilgisi her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok iyi biliniyor ki enerjiye gerekli ve yeterli yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in enerji ihtiyac\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, kritik \u00f6nem arz ediyor. <\/p>\n

Firmalar, nehir tipi santrallerde \u00fcrettikleri enerjiyi T\u00fcrkiye Elektrik Ticaret ve Taahh\u00fct A.\u015e kurumuna sat\u0131yor. Yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m 8\u20139 senede amorti ediliyor. Geri kalan 40\u201341 sene santrallerin getirisi firmalar\u0131n kar hanesine yaz\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu nedenle in\u015faat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren baz\u0131 firmalar da HES i\u015fine giriyor. Bu firmalar kar\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na almak amac\u0131yla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yol ve y\u00f6ntem deniyor.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n projeye tepkisi bulunuyor ama bu tepki, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve istihdam masal\u0131 ile azalt\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor; \u201cHES gelecek i\u015fsizlik bitecek!\u201d<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131m ve i\u015fletme s\u00fcrecinde bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u201ckoruculuk\u201d sistemi yerle\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, derelerin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, ne gibi sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine kafa yormam\u0131z gerekiyor. \u00d6zellikle Karadeniz\u2019in en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015fesinde \u201ckorucularla\u201d kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak ho\u015f olmasa gerek.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131n ise kafas\u0131 olduk\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k. Kimin ne s\u00f6yledi\u011fi belli de\u011fil. Dere platformlar\u0131 alternatif olarak eko-turizmden ba\u015fka bir \u015fey \u00f6neremiyor. Y\u00f6re halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u2018bu i\u015fi solcular ka\u015f\u0131yor\u2019 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler bulunuyor. Baz\u0131 sivil toplum kurulu\u015flar\u0131, \u2018bu i\u015fler yap\u0131lacak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na, bari do\u011fru d\u00fczg\u00fcn yap\u0131ls\u0131n\u2019 diyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ise \u2018su akar T\u00fcrk bakar, s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc tersine \u00e7evirece\u011fiz\u2019 diyerek projeleri savunuyor.\u00a0 Sonu\u00e7 olarak HES s\u00fcreci sermayenin lehine i\u015fliyor. <\/p>\n

Peki, HES\u2019lere y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fka bir m\u00fccadeleyi, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir m\u00fccadeleyi hayata ge\u00e7irmek, herkesin alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir politik hat olu\u015fturmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/p>\n

Evet, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Deneyim de var asl\u0131nda; Dikmen\u2019de, Mamak\u2019ta, Ar\u0131zl\u0131\u2019da\u2026
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki t\u00fcm dereler Dikmen, Mamak, Ar\u0131zl\u0131 olabilir. Mamakl\u0131lar\u0131n bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131 var da \u0130kizderelilerin, Meydanc\u0131kl\u0131lar\u0131n, F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131lar\u0131n, Munzurlular\u0131n\u2026 su hakk\u0131, enerji hakk\u0131, \u00e7evre hakk\u0131 yok mu?
\u00a0
Dere halklar\u0131, taleplerini hak temelli geli\u015ftirebilir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r yata\u011f\u0131nda akan derede onlar\u0131n da su alma hakk\u0131 var; o sudan elde edilen enerjide onlar\u0131n da hakk\u0131 var. Ama bu haklar\u0131n\u0131 alabilmeleri i\u00e7in merkezi ve politik bir hatt\u0131n \u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir ki bunun ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 Su Hakk\u0131 B\u00fcrolar\u0131 kurularak at\u0131labilir. <\/p>\n

Yani, HES s\u00fcreci \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 olmadan Su Hakk\u0131 B\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> bekliyor.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u00f6khan MARIM – \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi <\/font><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u015eu an neredeyse t\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin derelerinde in\u015faat var.Ne mi yap\u0131l\u0131yor?Nehir tipi hidroelektrik santraller.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4714,1991],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1619","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-enerji-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1619\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}