{"id":1625,"date":"2009-10-11T07:57:40","date_gmt":"2009-10-11T04:57:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=1625"},"modified":"2009-10-11T07:57:40","modified_gmt":"2009-10-11T04:57:40","slug":"kuba-ve-endustri-muhendisligi-kapitalizm-denizinde-sosyalist-bir-ada-deneyimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/kuba-ve-endustri-muhendisligi-kapitalizm-denizinde-sosyalist-bir-ada-deneyimi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cK\u00fcba ve End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi\u201d: Kapitalizm \u201cdenizinde\u201d sosyalist bir \u201cada\u201d deneyimi"},"content":{"rendered":"

MMO \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen \u201cK\u00fcba ve End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi\u201d konulu etkinlik 10 Ekim Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc MMO Anadolu Yakas\u0131 E\u011fitim Merkezi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Etkinlik \u201cK\u00fcba\u2019da Akademik E\u011fitim ve End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi E\u011fitimi\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fcba\u2019da Devlet Y\u00f6netiminde ve Sanayide End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131 \u201c olarak iki ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Etkinlikte sunumu CUJAE (Instituto Superior Polit\u00e9cnico Jos\u00e9 Antonio Echeverr\u00eda)\u2019den \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi Prof. Dr. Jos\u00e9 Antonio D\u00edaz Batista ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. <\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan bu anlaml\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli etkinli\u011fe gerek ge\u00e7en hafta yap\u0131lan ERP (Kurumsal Kaynak Planlamas\u0131) etkinli\u011finde ayn\u0131 salonu dolduran end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendislerinin, gerekse sosyalistlerin hak etti\u011fi \u00f6nemi vermedi\u011fi ise kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n 60 ki\u015fi civar\u0131nda kalmas\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MMO \u0130stanbul \u015eube Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130lter \u00c7elik ve Y\u00f6netim Kurulu \u00dcyesi G\u00fcrel \u00c7elikel\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sunu\u015fa ge\u00e7ildi. <\/p>\n

Diaz ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck teknoloji \u00fcniversitesi olan CUJAE hakk\u0131nda bilgi verdikten sonra K\u00fcba\u2019da End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi e\u011fitiminin tarihi ve i\u00e7eri\u011fine ili\u015fkin sunu\u015f yapt\u0131. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u00f6zetle \u015fu bilgilere yer verildi:<\/p>\n

\u201cK\u00fcba\u2019da end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011fi e\u011fitimi 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ABD\u2019dekine olduk\u00e7a benzer \u015fekilde olu\u015ftu ve s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ABD\u2019deki \u00fcniversitelerden geliyor. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan 1990\u2019lara kadar end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011finin temel amac\u0131 \u201cen az kaynak sarfiyat\u0131 ile daha \u00e7ok ve daha iyi \u00fcretim\u201d olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. <\/p>\n

K\u00fcba\u2019da 1990\u2019a kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn planlar sosyalist sistemin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ticari ili\u015fkilerin %85\u2019i SSCB ve eski sosyalist \u00fclkelerleydi. 1989-91 d\u00f6neminde sosyalist sistem \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc, ancak K\u00fcba ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. <\/p>\n

1995\u2019te ise end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011fi e\u011fitim program\u0131 k\u00fcreselle\u015fme, teknoloji, i\u015fverenler ve ulusal ekonominin yeni taleplerini kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u015fekilde yenilendi. K\u00fcba i\u00e7erde sosyalist, ama d\u0131\u015far\u0131da kapitalist piyasa sisteminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fundan e\u011fitim bunu i\u00e7eriyor. E\u011fitimde bilgi, yetenek ve tecr\u00fcbe yan\u0131nda \u201cmoral\/ahlaki de\u011ferler\u201d veriliyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar egoist do\u011fuyor. Dayan\u0131\u015fma, disiplin gibi de\u011ferler e\u011fitimle veriliyor. <\/p>\n

End\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011fi e\u011fitiminde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k art\u0131k teknolojiden \u00e7ok kalite g\u00fcvencesi, i\u015f organizasyonu gibi konulara kayd\u0131. End\u00fcstri m\u00fchendislerinden i\u015fverenlerin talebi, bilgi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201ci\u015f ve \u00fccret organizasyonu, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, insan kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, bilgi y\u00f6netimi, bilgi teknolojileri, i\u015f s\u00fcreci y\u00f6netimi, lojistik ve destek a\u011flar\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, kalite g\u00fcvence sistemleri\u201d, yetenekler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise \u201c\u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme, integral yakla\u015f\u0131m, kalite ve m\u00fc\u015fteri odakl\u0131l\u0131k, tak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, disiplin ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, bilgi teknolojileri odakl\u0131l\u0131k, liderlik\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n

E\u011fitim ve kitaplar t\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00fccretsiz. E\u011fitimde kullan\u0131lan kitaplar Y\u00fcksek E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131larak \u00f6\u011frencilere \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veriliyor. \u0130htiya\u00e7 duyulan ABD k\u00f6kenli kitaplardan bir n\u00fcsha ba\u015fka \u00fclkeler \u00fczerinden sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p, yeniden bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131larak \u00f6\u011frencilere \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 veriliyor. <\/p>\n

M\u00fchendislik eskiden bir erkek mesle\u011fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken \u015fu anda CUJAE\u2019nin rekt\u00f6r\u00fc bir kad\u0131n ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin %61\u2019i kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fuyor.\u201d
E\u011fitim \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan sunumun ard\u0131ndan sorular b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u201cABD taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ambargonun nas\u0131l a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yal\u0131n \u00fcretim hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri, K\u00fcba\u2019da end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011finin kapitalist y\u00f6ntemler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (Taylorizm, Fordizm, Yal\u0131n \u00fcretim) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00fcretip \u00fcretmedi\u011fi, moral\/ahlaki de\u011ferlerin e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren verilmesi gerekti\u011fi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n durumu, sunumdaki \u201cinsanlar\u0131n do\u011fu\u015ftan egoist oldu\u011fu\u201d varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sosyalist iddiayla \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi, mezunlar\u0131n i\u015f bulmas\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, lise e\u011fitimi ve \u00fcniversite s\u0131navlar\u0131, sendikalar\u0131n i\u015flevleri\u201d konular\u0131nda sorular soruldu. <\/p>\n

\u0130kinci oturumun ise konusu \u201cK\u00fcba\u2019da End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131\u201d \u015feklindeydi. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Diaz, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n genel ekonomik ve toplumsal durumu, ABD ambargosunun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar, sosyalist kamp\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesinin K\u00fcba\u2019ya olumsuz etkileri ve bu etkilerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6nelinen yeni politikalar \u00fczerinde durdu. <\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle \u015fu veri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere yer verildi: <\/p>\n

\u201c1990\u2019lara kadar end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011finin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yeri yoktu, ancak bu tarihten sonra ya\u015fanan k\u0131tl\u0131k ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar nedeniyle end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011fi \u00f6nem kazand\u0131. 1991 sonras\u0131\u00a0 K\u00fcba\u2019da uluslar aras\u0131 turizm, bioteknolojik \u00fcretim ve profesyonel hizmetler alan\u0131na y\u00f6nelen yeni bir ekonomi olu\u015ftu. Yabanc\u0131 kurulu\u015flarla a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kla turizm, bilgi teknolojileri ve petrol \u00fcretimi alanlar\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere ortak yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. End\u00fcstri m\u00fchendislerinin bir \u00e7o\u011fu turizm, ila\u00e7 ve bioteknoloji alan\u0131ndaki i\u015fletmelerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bankac\u0131l\u0131k, finans, telekom\u00fcnikasyon, hastaneler, ula\u015ft\u0131rma, ticaret ve bir \u00e7ok ba\u015fka alanda rol oynuyorlar. <\/p>\n

Sosyalist \u015firketler de verimli ve karl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda. Ancak burada \u00fcretilen de\u011fer kapitalizmde bireylere, sosyalizmde ise topluma yarar sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Kapitalizmde end\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011finin amac\u0131 \u201cdaha y\u00fcksek kar\u201d sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Sosyalizmde ise \u201ckaynaklar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve ak\u0131lc\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile toplum zorunlu ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131\u201d \u015feklindedir. End\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisleri her iki toplumda da ayn\u0131 ayn\u0131 role sahiptir, ancak sonu\u00e7lar farkl\u0131d\u0131r. End\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisleri kapitalizmi \u201cdaha iyi\u201d ve belki de \u201cdaha insanc\u0131l\u201d hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinde, sosyalizmin ise daha iyi ve belki daha verimli\/etkin olmas\u0131nda rol oynayabilirler. End\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisleri i\u015f\u00e7iler, verimlilik, kalite ve \u00e7evreyi ayn\u0131 anda dikkate almal\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde farkl\u0131 kapitalizmler var. Sosyalizm ise hala bir deneyim. K\u00fcba, \u00c7in ve Vietnam farkl\u0131 sosyalizm deneyimlerini olu\u015fturuyorlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar \u201cminimum \u00e7aba yasas\u0131yla\u201d ko\u015fullanm\u0131\u015f olarak do\u011farlar. End\u00fcstri m\u00fchendisli\u011fi bu yasayla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. Ama\u00e7 \u00e7abay\u0131 daima hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler, \u015firketler ve organizasyonlar moral ve maddi de\u011ferlerin bir bile\u015fkesiyle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir. Her zaman ger\u00e7ek ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir insani geli\u015fim ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r.\u201d
Diaz ayr\u0131ca Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in \u201c\u0130nsani Geli\u015fim Endeksi\u2019nde K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131ralarda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve mevcut ekonomik olanaklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bunun kaynaklar\u0131n insanlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 bir ba\u015far\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. <\/p>\n

Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde de sunumdan sonra sorular soruldu. Sorular \u201cK\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n genel ekonomik durumu, K\u00fcba\u2019dan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya g\u00f6\u00e7, d\u0131\u015f bor\u00e7, Fidel sonras\u0131 neler olabilece\u011fi, i\u015fletmelerde ya\u015fanan yozla\u015fma, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f nedenleri, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn karma ekonomi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n en do\u011fru politika olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, K\u00fcba\u2019da planlaman\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015fledi\u011fi ve plan hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ula\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yabanc\u0131la\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler al\u0131n\u0131p al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d hakk\u0131nda oldu. <\/p>\n

Diaz sorulara verdi\u011fi cevaplarda da s\u0131kl\u0131kla ABD taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan ambargoya, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n sosyalist olmakla birlikte kapitalist bir sistemin i\u00e7inde varolmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fyerlerinde kanallar\u0131n varoldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n idealize edilmemesi gerekti\u011fini, bir \u00e7ok sorun ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi. K\u00fcbal\u0131lar\u0131n ellerinden geleni yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ancak dikkatli davran\u0131lmaz ise K\u00fcba\u2019daki sistemin de \u00e7\u00f6kebilece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"MMO \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen \u201cK\u00fcba ve End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi\u201d konulu etkinlik 10 Ekim Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc MMO Anadolu Yakas\u0131 E\u011fitim Merkezi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Etkinlik \u201cK\u00fcba\u2019da Akademik E\u011fitim ve End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi E\u011fitimi\u201d ve \u201cK\u00fcba\u2019da Devlet Y\u00f6netiminde ve Sanayide End\u00fcstri M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Uygulamalar\u0131 \u201c olarak iki ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Etkinlikte sunumu CUJAE (Instituto Superior Polit\u00e9cnico Jos\u00e9 Antonio Echeverr\u00eda)\u2019den \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi Prof. Dr. Jos\u00e9 Antonio D\u00edaz Batista ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. \n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1625","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-genel"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1625\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}