Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FAO) 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararla, kurulu\u015f y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olan 16 Ekim tarihini D\u00fcnya G\u0131da G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak belirlemi\u015ftir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ve \u00fclkemizin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu durum, G\u0131da G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2018n\u00fc bir kutlama de\u011fil, sorun saptama – nedenselli\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm s\u00fcrecine katk\u0131 sunma g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak de\u011ferlendirmeyi gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
FAO rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada 850 milyon ki\u015fi a\u00e7l\u0131kla bo\u011fu\u015furken, 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu say\u0131 1 milyar 20 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rakam son 40 y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyini ifade etmektedir. <\/p>\n
Kimi \u00e7evreler, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n nedeni olarak, h\u0131zla artan n\u00fcfusa kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, g\u0131da maddeleri arz\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla artmamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Oysa durum hayli farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
20 inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131ndan 21 inci y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131na kadar d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusu 2.5 milyardan 6.5 milyara \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. FAO \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerine g\u00f6re, 21 inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son on y\u0131l\u0131nda % 2.2 olan d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 2015\u2018te % 1.6\u2018ya d\u00fc\u015fecek; ard\u0131ndan 2015 – 2030 d\u00f6neminde %1.4, 2030 – 2050 d\u00f6neminde % 0.9 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun 9.5 milyar\u0131 a\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 hesap edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 endeksi petrol krizinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 1970\u2018li y\u0131llar ve son d\u00f6nem bir tarafa b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, elli y\u0131l boyunca tarihin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyinde seyretmi\u015ftir. Artan n\u00fcfusa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artan talebin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen, fiyat endeksinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde kalmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya g\u0131da arz\u0131n\u0131n n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na paralel bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckselmesi ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Nitekim FAO, 1998-2015 d\u00f6neminde d\u00fcnya g\u0131da arz\u0131n % 36 oran\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Fiyatlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde seyretti\u011fi elli y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem, d\u00fcnyada a\u00e7l\u0131k sorunun giderildi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tersine, FAO rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 850 milyon insan a\u00e7l\u0131k tehdidi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7, daha karanl\u0131k bir tabloya gebedir.<\/p>\n
2007 sonbahar\u0131 ve 2008 ilkbahar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bu\u011fday, m\u0131s\u0131r, pirin\u00e7 ve di\u011fer tah\u0131llar\u0131n fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n radikal bi\u00e7imde artmas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca a\u00e7 insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 1 milyar\u0131n \u00fczerine ta\u015f\u0131makla kalmam\u0131\u015f, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 ve IMF de dahil olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm \u00e7evrelerin ilgisinin tar\u0131m \/ g\u0131da krizine y\u00f6nelmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu fiyat d\u00fczeyi, 2008 sonundan itibaren gev\u015femekle birlikte, uzun y\u0131llar ola\u011fanla\u015fan d\u00fczeyin %25 \u00fczerinde olacak \u015fekilde sabitlenmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyada, g\u0131da talebi yetersizli\u011finden kaynaklanan bir a\u00e7l\u0131k sorunu yoktur. A\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tek nedeni g\u0131da \u00fcretiminin kutupla\u015fmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131ndaki adaletsizliktir. D\u00fcnyada yeterli \u00fcretim yap\u0131lmakta ancak yoksul ve a\u00e7 insanlar bu g\u0131daya ula\u015famamaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2018de de bu sorun yak\u0131c\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda 44.5 milyon olan T\u00fcrkiye n\u00fcfusu, bug\u00fcn 71.5 milyona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 28 y\u0131lda n\u00fcfusunu 27 milyon art\u0131ran T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin orta d\u00f6nemde 90 milyonun \u00fczerindeki bir n\u00fcfusla, Avrupa\u2018n\u0131n en kalabal\u0131k \u00fclkesi olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, artan n\u00fcfusun do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 ek g\u0131da talebinin nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik planlar\u0131n bug\u00fcnden yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. <\/p>\n
Ne yaz\u0131k ki, T\u00fcrkiye\u2018de n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na paralel bir \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 yakalanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2002-2008 d\u00f6neminde temel tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcretim kay\u0131plar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. T\u00dc\u0130K\u2018in rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, son 6 y\u0131lda bu\u011fday \u00fcretimi % 8.8, arpa % 28.6, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 mercimek % 78.8, nohut % 20.3 ve kuru fasulye % 38 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sanayi bitkilerinden \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretimi % 6.3, pamuk \u00fcretimi % 28.4, t\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretimi ise % 34.6 oran\u0131nda gerilemi\u015ftir. Patates \u00fcretimi % 19 oran\u0131nda, kavun-karpuz \u00fcretimi ise % 10 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygun ekolojik de\u011ferler nedeniyle \u00fcretimin baz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermesine ra\u011fmen, temel bitkisel ve hayvansal \u00fcretimde \u00fcr\u00fcnlere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte, kal\u0131c\u0131 bir gerileme ya da n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda m\u00fctevazi \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015f ticaret rakamlar\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin giderek artan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir konuma geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2007\u2018ye g\u00f6re tar\u0131msal ihracat % 5,4 artarak 3 milyar 928 milyon Dolar, ithalat ise % 37,7 artarak 6 miyar 392 milyon Dolar olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda 916 milyon Dolar olan tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri d\u0131\u015f ticaret a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda % 169 oran\u0131nda artarak 2 milyar 464 milyon Dolara y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Bu, 85 y\u0131ll\u0131k Cumhuriyet tarihinin rekorudur. 2000-2008 d\u00f6nemi ortalamas\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin tar\u0131msal hammadde d\u0131\u015f ticaretindeki net d\u0131\u015fal\u0131mc\u0131 konumunu g\u00f6stermektedir. G\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri d\u0131\u015f ticaretindeki pozitif denge, D\u00fcnyadaki yeni i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2018ye yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck katma de\u011ferli ve emek yo\u011fun g\u0131da sanayi, s\u0131nai kayd\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2018de yerle\u015fmektedir.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin t\u00fcm bu olumsuzlar\u0131 a\u015farak, fiziksel ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel kapasitesi y\u00fcksek bir topluluk yaratmak i\u00e7in halk\u0131n\u0131 yeterli ve dengeli beslenme ko\u015fullar\u0131na kavu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Gelecek d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin tar\u0131m planlamalar\u0131, bu ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n
Unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u0130NSAN NE YERSE O\u2018DUR. Bunun i\u00e7in tar\u0131ma daha fazla b\u00fct\u00e7e ayr\u0131larak, ba\u015fta sulama olmak \u00fczere tar\u0131msal altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi, \u00fcreticilerin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme yoluyla, girdi ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 piyasalar\u0131ndan \u00fcretti\u011fi katma de\u011fere el konulan k\u00f6yl\u00fc niteli\u011finden kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131,su ve toprak kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131, g\u0131da kalitesi – t\u00fcketicinin korunmas\u0131 ve g\u0131da sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kontrol yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, tar\u0131ma bilgi ve teknolojinin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fchendislik faaliyetlerine ivme kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ya\u015famsal \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. \u00a0<\/p>\n
Kamuoyuna duyurulur.<\/p>\n
Sayg\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131zla<\/p>\n
Dr. G\u00f6khan G\u00dcNAYDIN<\/p>\n Ba\u015fkan<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler G\u0131da ve Tar\u0131m \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (FAO) 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararla,…\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2010],"tags":[335,336],"class_list":{"0":"post-1653","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-basin-aciklamalari","8":"tag-dunya-gida-gunu","9":"tag-sorumlu-yoneticilik"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1653"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1653\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}