{"id":17077,"date":"2015-08-15T12:46:05","date_gmt":"2015-08-15T09:46:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=17077"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:38","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:38","slug":"istanbulun-musluk-sulari-neden-kokuyor-deniz-aytekin-yesilist-com","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/istanbulun-musluk-sulari-neden-kokuyor-deniz-aytekin-yesilist-com\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stanbul’un musluk sular\u0131 neden kokuyor? – Deniz Aytekin (yesilist.com)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz yaz t\u00fcm \u0130stanbul’un konu\u015ftu\u011fu ‘musluktan akan suyun yosun kokmas\u0131’ sorunu kentlileri tela\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015f, \u0130SK\u0130 konu ile ilgili yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada barajlardaki su seviyesinin azaltmas\u0131 nedeniyle suyun kokusunda de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015fanabilece\u011fini, bu kokunun su kalitesine dair negatif bir etki olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin ‘estetik’ oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015fti. Barajlardaki suyun neredeyse tamamen bitti\u011fi, baz\u0131(!) il\u00e7elerde yedi g\u00fcne ula\u015fan su kesintilerinin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurak ve\u00a0suya muhta\u00e7 bir yaz ya\u015farken\u00a0sular\u0131n yosun kokmas\u0131 nispeten kabul edilebilir gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz ise \u0130stanbullu’lar\u0131n su ile imtihan\u0131\u00a0‘toprak kokan musluk sular\u0131’\u00a0bi\u00e7iminde vuku buldu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay kadar \u00f6nce \u015fehrin belirli semtlerinden gelen\u00a0‘suda tuhaf bir koku var’\u00a0\u015fikayetleri, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yerini\u00a0musluk suyu ile yap\u0131lan \u00e7ay\u0131 i\u00e7ememe, yemekleri yiyememe ve hatta sabah di\u015f f\u0131r\u00e7alarken veya du\u015f al\u0131rken koku kaynakl\u0131 ya\u015fanan mide bulant\u0131lar\u0131na kadar ula\u015ft\u0131. Bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir k\u0131\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, barajlardaki su seviyesi hi\u00e7 de fena de\u011filken ilk bak\u0131\u015fta sudaki bu kokuyu a\u00e7\u0131klamak zor. Ancak \u0130stanbul’un su raporlar\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve uygulanan reg\u00fclasyonlar\u0131 yanyana koydu\u011fumuzda \u0130stanbul’un suyundaki kokunun hem ak\u0131beti hem de olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehlikeyi g\u00f6rmek hi\u00e7 de zor de\u011fil.\u00a0Bu yaz\u0131n su\u00e7lusu THM, yani Trihalometan.<\/p>\n

THM nedir? Nerelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve tehlikeli midir?<\/strong>
\nN\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve her y\u0131l y\u00fckselen ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak olu\u015fan i\u00e7me suyu ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in y\u00fczey ya da yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131ndan elde edilen ham su, i\u00e7ilebilir hale getirilmek \u00fczere ar\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten \u00e7\u0131kan suda \u00e7ok say\u0131da zararl\u0131 ve hastal\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 mikroorganizma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve i\u00e7ilebilir hale gelmesi i\u00e7in dezenfekte edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n

Suyu dezenfekte etmenin\u00a0klorlama, ozonlama ve ultraviyole radyasyonu\u00a0olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00f6ntemi bulunur.\u00a0Bizim musluk sular\u0131m\u0131zda ise ucuz olmas\u0131 ve etkisinin daha uzun s\u00fcrmesi nedeniyle klorlama kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Dezenfekte edilmemi\u015f suyun i\u00e7erisinde bulunan do\u011fal ve sentetik organik bile\u015fenler, klorla bir araya geldiklerinde\u00a0THM (trihalometan)\u00a0olu\u015fumuna sebep olurlar.\u00a0Bir metan t\u00fcr\u00fc olan THM’nin kanserojen bir madde oldu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konmu\u015ftur.\u00a0USEPA taraf\u0131ndan listelenen ve kanser s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan organik kirleticiler i\u00e7inde THM\u2019lardan kloroform, bromodiklorometan ve bromoform B grubuna dahil edilmekte, yani muhtemel kanserojen madde olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmakta, dibromoklorometan ise C grubunda, yani kansere sebep olma ihtimali bulunan maddeler aras\u0131nda an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"su_koku_1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversite’sinde Sezen K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u00e7ongar, Mehmet Faik Sevimli ve Esra Yel taraf\u0131nfan yay\u0131nlanan makalede THM tehlikesinden \u015f\u00f6yle bahsediliyor:<\/p>\n

‘THM i\u00e7eren klorlanm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7me sular\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcketimi,\u00a0\u00fcriner ve sindirim sisteminde kanser gibi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u00a0ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r.EPA, Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) taraf\u0131ndan DY\u00dc bile\u015fikleri i\u00e7in pek \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar getirilmi\u015f olup, \u00f6zellikle son yap\u0131lan revizyonlarda maksimum limit daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck konsantrasyonlara \u0327ekilmektedir ve bu durum bu konunun insan ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemini ifade etmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise bu konuda yasal s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmalar\u0131n yetersiz olmas\u0131n\u0131n sebeplerinden en \u00f6nemlisi\u00a0konunun ciddiyetinin geni\u015f kitlelerce bilinmiyor olmas\u0131d\u0131r.’<\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi’nden Kadir \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R ve \u0130smail TOR\u00d6Z taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan makalede ise THM i\u00e7eren dezenfeksiyon yan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ile ilgili \u015fu ibarelere rastlan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

‘DY\u00dc [dezenfeksiyon yan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc] ile ilgili yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, bu zararl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin\u00a0kanser olu\u015fturma riski, \u00e7ocuklarda geli\u015fme gerili\u011fi, kad\u0131nlarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yapma ve do\u011fu\u015ftan meydan gelen kalp kusurlar\u0131 gibi hastal\u0131klar ile ilgili yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Klorlama sonucunda meydana gelen DY\u00dc\u2019nin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde kanser olu\u015fturma riski d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda di\u011fer\u00a0akut ve kronik etkileri de mevcuttur. Bu nedenle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde i\u00e7me suyu kalitesi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili yeni d\u00fczenlemeler geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelerde yer alan limit de\u011ferlerinin i\u00e7me sular\u0131nda bulunan ve\u00a0insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan potansiyel bir tehlikeye sahip bu zararl\u0131 bile\u015fiklerin ya tamamen giderilmesi veya minimum konsantrasyona indirgenmesini sa\u011flayacak nitelikte olmas\u0131gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7la USEPA (1998) taraf\u0131ndan daha s\u0131k\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7eren 1.a\u015fama Dezenfektan\/Dezenfeksiyon yan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (D\/DY\u00dc) t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0T\u00fcz\u00fckte toplam trihalometan (TTHM)\u2019lar\u0131n maksimum kirletici konsantrasyon limiti 80 \u03bcg\/L olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.’<\/p>\n

\u0130SK\u0130 taraf\u0131ndan nisan, may\u0131s ve haziran aylar\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan raporlar\u0131 inceledi\u011fimizde THM oran\u0131n\u0131n artan s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak h\u0131zla y\u00fckseldi\u011fini g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bunun nedeni ise\u00a0havan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte ham su i\u00e7erisindeki organik maddelerin \u00fcreme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n da artmas\u0131. Buna \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc K\u00f6pr\u00fc gibi projelerin yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kurutulan su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da ekledi\u011fimizde i\u00e7me suyumuz i\u00e7in her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn THM i\u00e7eren yeralt\u0131 ve y\u00fczey sular\u0131na daha da muhta\u00e7 kalaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.\u00a0\u00c7evre M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131’n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re ise\u00a0i\u00e7me suyundaki THM miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a toprak kokusu da artmakta.<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul’un ar\u0131tma tesislerindeki THM oranlar\u0131n\u0131n nisan-haziran aylar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablolardan inceleyebilirsiniz. Temmuz ay\u0131 i\u00e7me suyu raporu hen\u00fcz yay\u0131nlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 17, may\u0131s\u0131n 22, haziran\u0131n 27 ve temmuz ay\u0131n\u0131n ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 30 derece oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sulardaki THM oran\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek maalesef bizim matematik bilgimize ve tahminlerimize kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ar\u0131tma tesislerindeki THM oranlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck farklar g\u00f6stermesi ise belirli semtlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen yo\u011fun kokuya ra\u011fmen baz\u0131 semtlerde bu tip \u015fikayetler g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. THM oran\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7ekmece ve Cumhuriyet ar\u0131tma tesislerinin i\u00e7me suyu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 semtler ise s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7ekmece ar\u0131tma tesisi:\u00a0Kapasitesi g\u00fcnl\u00fck 400.000 m3olup, maksimum\u00a02.600.000 \u0130stanbulluya hizmet vermektedir. Tesisten beslenen ba\u015fl\u0131ca yerle\u015fim merkezleri;\u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00e7ekmece, Beylikd\u00fcz\u00fc, K\u0131ra\u00e7, G\u00fcrp\u0131nar, Esenyurt, Avc\u0131lar, Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir, \u00c7atalca, Kavakl\u0131, Mimaroba, Sinanoba, Kumburgaz, Selimpa\u015fa, Tepecik’tir.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet ar\u0131tma tesisi:\u00a0G\u00fcnl\u00fck 700.000 m\u00b3\u2019l\u00fck su ar\u0131tma kapasitesine sahip olan tesisten Ka\u011f\u0131thane, \u015ei\u015fli, Mecidiyek\u00f6y, Beyo\u011flu, Be\u015fikta\u015f, Sar\u0131yer, Ayaza\u011fa, Maslak, Ferik\u00f6y, Kas\u0131mpa\u015fa, Ey\u00fcp ile Fatih, Gaziosmanpa\u015fa, Bayrampa\u015fa ve Esenler\u00a0b\u00f6lgelerinin baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na su verilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz yaz t\u00fcm \u0130stanbul’un konu\u015ftu\u011fu ‘musluktan akan suyun yosun kokmas\u0131’ sorunu kentlileri…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[2638],"class_list":{"0":"post-17077","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-istanbulda-su-kokusu"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17077","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17077"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17077\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}