{"id":17226,"date":"2015-08-23T16:22:28","date_gmt":"2015-08-23T13:22:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=17226"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:32:31","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:32:31","slug":"topragin-ustu-altindan-degerli-emine-girgin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/topragin-ustu-altindan-degerli-emine-girgin\/","title":{"rendered":"Topra\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fc ‘alt\u0131n’dan de\u011ferli – Emine Girgin"},"content":{"rendered":"

‘De\u011ferli’ madenlerin yer alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya\u015fam\u0131n var olabilmesine olanak tan\u0131mas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan paha bi\u00e7ilmezdir.\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

90\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Bergama\u2019da \u00e7evre m\u00fccadelesini haf\u0131zam\u0131za kaz\u0131yan ve \u00fclkemizde ekoloji direni\u015flerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 kabul edilen siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc alt\u0131n madencili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 Bergama Ovac\u0131k k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin m\u00fccadelesi bug\u00fcn ba\u015fta Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesi olmak \u00fczere t\u00fcm Anadolu\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7lenerek s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m ile sonu\u00e7lanacak projeler her yerde ve her alanda artmaya devam ederken madencilik alan\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f dikkat \u00e7ekici. Maden sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki bu ya\u011fmac\u0131 hareketlili\u011fin beraberinde yeni direni\u015fleri getirmesi ve \u201csiyan\u00fcrl\u00fc alt\u0131n madencili\u011fine hay\u0131r\u201d slogan\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkede yank\u0131 bulmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz. Bu nedenle genelde madencilik faaliyetlerinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresel tahribat ve \u00f6zelde siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc zenginle\u015ftirme ile maden i\u015fleme y\u00f6nteminin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n tekrar alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n

Madencili\u011fin ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>
\nEkolojik y\u0131k\u0131m; soludu\u011fumuz hava, i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz su, besin sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z toprak, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan insan\u0131n da par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu ekosistem \u00fczerinde y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkiler yaratacak faaliyetleri tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Bu y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etki ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanda canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc veya b\u00f6lgeyi terk etmesi ile sonu\u00e7lanarak, ya\u015fam\u0131 yok ediyor. Bu anlam\u0131yla t\u00fcm ‘de\u011ferli’ madenlerin yer alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya\u015fam\u0131n var olabilmesine olanak tan\u0131mas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan paha bi\u00e7ilmezdir.<\/p>\n

Maden i\u015fletmeleri kapal\u0131 ya da a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme olarak iki farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde projelendirilebilir. Kapal\u0131 i\u015fletmelere k\u0131yasla yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m kabul edilemez boyutlarda olan a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletme, maliyetleri \u00f6nemli oranda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmesi nedeniyle sermaye taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen y\u00f6ntem oluyor.
\nA\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmelerin zararl\u0131 etkilerinin boyutu; ocak alan\u0131 ve jeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131, mevcut toprak, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebiliyor ancak t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fletmeler, jeolojik yap\u0131 ve su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde do\u011frudan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve arazinin do\u011fal g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bozulmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maden i\u015fletmesinin \u00e7evresel y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m izlersek;<\/p>\n

-Maden arazisinin tamam\u0131nda t\u00fcm bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc kesilerek, arazi t\u0131ra\u015flan\u0131r. \u00dcstte bulunan canl\u0131 toprak tabakas\u0131 ve bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u015f makineleriyle kaz\u0131larak uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Arazide yok edilen canl\u0131 toprak tabakas\u0131n\u0131n yeniden olu\u015fmas\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/p>\n

-Maden sahas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan at\u0131klar\u0131n sahan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na y\u0131\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle maden sahas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da toprak ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc bozulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-Arazide yap\u0131lacak kaz\u0131 ve nakliyat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, zaman zaman yap\u0131lan patlatmalar ve i\u015f makinelerinin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toz, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve titre\u015fimler yak\u0131n \u00e7evrede ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 olumsuz etkileyecektir.<\/p>\n

-Maden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kaz\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n derinlikleri, e\u011fimlerin dikli\u011fi ve kayal\u0131k olmas\u0131, su erozyonu ve su basmas\u0131 gibi sebeplerden dolay\u0131, arazinin yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-Maden oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kuru tutmak i\u00e7in su seviyesinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131l\u0131 bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn susuz kalmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

-Maden sahas\u0131nda olu\u015facak drenaj nedeniyle yery\u00fcz\u00fc ve yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesi riski bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Madencili\u011fin i\u00e7ine siyan\u00fcr de girince<\/strong>
\nYeralt\u0131ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli metodlarla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan madenlerin zenginle\u015ftirilme i\u015flemleri farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steriyor. Alt\u0131n madencili\u011finde siyan\u00fcr ile zenginle\u015ftirme y\u00f6ntemi uygulan\u0131yor.
\nMaden zenginle\u015ftirme sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131v\u0131 at\u0131klar i\u00e7in ‘at\u0131k havuzlar\u0131’ olu\u015fturuluyor. Madenin i\u015fletilmesi safhas\u0131nda, topraktaki arsenik, civa, kadmiyum, kur\u015fun gibi tehlikeli kimyasallar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, siyan\u00fcr ile birlikte bu havuzda toplan\u0131yor. At\u0131k havuzlar\u0131 maden i\u015fletilmesi tamamlan\u0131nca \u00fcst\u00fc kapat\u0131larak terk edilir ve zehirli kimyasallar, y\u0131llarca y\u00f6re halk\u0131n\u0131 ve ekolojik dengeyi tehdit etmeye devam eder. Deprem, sel, \u00e7atlak gibi \u00f6nlenemez olaylar nedeniyle at\u0131k havuzunun yeralt\u0131 suyuna ya da topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n devletin t\u00fcm imkanlar\u0131n\u0131 sermaye lehine seferber etti\u011fi bug\u00fcnlerde, do\u011fan\u0131n korunmas\u0131, ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi ve g\u00fcvenli bir gelecek ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m yaratacak projeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz m\u00fccadele ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.
\nE\u015fme\u2019den Fatsa\u2019ya; K\u00fctahya\u2019dan Artvin\u2019e ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131na sahip \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc alt\u0131n madencili\u011fini durdurma hedefiyle bir araya gelmesi do\u011faya, ya\u015fama d\u00fc\u015fman projelere kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcren m\u00fccadeleleri b\u00fcy\u00fctecek.<\/p>\n

Emine Girgin
\n\u00c7evre M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi YK Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"‘De\u011ferli’ madenlerin yer alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131, yer \u00fcst\u00fcnde ya\u015fam\u0131n var olabilmesine olanak tan\u0131mas\u0131…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4723,1991],"tags":[1465,2652],"class_list":{"0":"post-17226","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kent-ve-doga-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-siyanurlu-altin-cikarma","10":"tag-siyanurlu-altin-madenciligi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17226\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}