{"id":17568,"date":"2015-09-19T17:41:50","date_gmt":"2015-09-19T14:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=17568"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:38","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:38","slug":"silikon-vadisinin-emegi-ayaklaniyor-s-e-smith","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/silikon-vadisinin-emegi-ayaklaniyor-s-e-smith\/","title":{"rendered":"Silikon Vadisi\u2019nin eme\u011fi ayaklan\u0131yor \u2013 S. E. Smith"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cSilikon Vadisi\u201d c\u00fcmle i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7ti\u011finde bile bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n i\u00e7inin \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Giyilebilir teknolojiler, \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131\u201d bilgisayarlar, birbirleriyle yar\u0131\u015fan mobil cihazlar, sosyal a\u011flar\u2026 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir az\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7in milyon dolarlar demekken sahnenin geri kalan\u0131nda olan montaj hatt\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri, programc\u0131lar, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 merkezi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 ve daha nicesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcn hem bilindik y\u00fcz\u00fc hem de \u00fcst\u00fcne g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kullan\u0131c\u0131 eme\u011fi, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, zaman-mek\u00e2n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fabilen s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc pratikleri anlamlar\u0131na geliyor. Haliyle \u201cd\u00fcnyada bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmiyor\u201d diyemiyoruz. Kapitalizm, Christian Fuchs\u2019un dillendirdi\u011fi gibi bir uluslararas\u0131 dijital i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile birlikte sermaye birikimini yeni ara\u00e7lar ve yeni y\u00f6ntemlerle geli\u015ftiriyor.[1]<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ham maddesi Kongo\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kan madenler olan bu teknolojiler, \u00c7in\u2019de montaj hatt\u0131na giriyor, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n temel mimarisi Silikon Vadisi\u2019nde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, Hindistan\u2019da kodlan\u0131yor. Bu s\u0131rada Facebook ve Twitter gibi ticari sosyal a\u011flar d\u00f6rt bir yandaki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n verilerini hedefli reklamc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yor, bu a\u011flar\u0131n hisse senetleri borsalarda yar\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Teknolojilerin \u201cba\u015f d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d geli\u015fim h\u0131zlar\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden bu zamanlar bir yandan da ayaklanmalar, grevler ve alternatif platformlara da ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. D\u00fcnyada 2008 sonras\u0131 ba\u015flayan ayaklanma dalgas\u0131 teknolojileri kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re kullan\u0131yor, devlet g\u00f6zetimi t\u00fcrl\u00fc yollarla a\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ve ticari olmayan yeni platformlar beliriveriyor.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlar olurken Silikon Vadisi de bu alt-\u00fcst olu\u015flardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kalam\u0131yor ve bin bir zorlu\u011fa ra\u011fmen yeni \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelere, sendikal m\u00fccadelelere ve bir araya geli\u015flere ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Az sonra okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z metinde de bu m\u00fccadelelere dair bir kesit, bir umut \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc g\u00f6rebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Silikon Vadisi\u2019nde \u0130nternet\u2019te veya televizyonlarda masaj salonlar\u0131, rahat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ofisleri, oyun alanlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine kimi zaman 1800\u2019lerin \u0130ngilteresi\u2019ni aratmayan ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler \u201cart\u0131k yeter\u201d diyorlar ve tarihin b\u00f6ylesi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7omak sokuyorlar. Tabii b\u00f6yle bir kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015fu kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafyaya ta\u015f\u0131mak da bizlerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir g\u00f6rev olarak belirmeye devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Diyar Sara\u00e7o\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong> Dijital emek, \u201cenformasyon toplumu\u201d, bili\u015fim alan\u0131ndaki yeni s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc pratikleri ve kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Janus\u2019un \u00c7ehresi dizisinde bu konularda kitaplar yay\u0131nlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Dijital Emek ve Karl Marx (Notabene, 2015) da bu konuyu mercek alt\u0131na alan kitaplardan biri.<\/p>\n

* * *<\/p>\n

Sendikalar teknolojinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde h\u0131zla yay\u0131l\u0131yor<\/p>\n

Gabriel C\u00e1rdenas, 27 ya\u015f\u0131nda, Google\u2019\u0131n ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn ve gece \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve teslimat hizmeti olan Google Express\u2019in depolar\u0131nda, kamyonlar\u0131 y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma i\u015finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kimi zamanlar bunalt\u0131c\u0131 derecede s\u0131cak olan Kaliforniya Palo Alto\u2019daki depo, Google\u2019\u0131n Mountain View\u2019deki, radyan so\u011futma sistemine sahip, g\u00fczelce belirlenmi\u015f kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak C\u00e1rdenas Google i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. Google ve di\u011fer teknoloji firmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011flayan bir istihdam \u015firketi olan Adecco i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Kendisi, Silikon Vadisi\u2019ni \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r tutan temizlik g\u00f6revlisi, otob\u00fcs \u015fof\u00f6rleri, yemek hizmeti i\u015f\u00e7ileri, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri ve di\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7ilerden olu\u015fan bereketli bir destek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131. Her ne kadar her g\u00fcn kodcular, geli\u015ftiriciler ve di\u011fer orta d\u00fczey personelin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra i\u015fe gidiyor olsalar da, teknolojik se\u00e7kinlerin \u00fcnl\u00fc y\u00fcksek maa\u015flar\u0131ndan ve \u00f6deneklerinden mahrumlar<\/a>. \u00dccret fark\u0131, beceri grubu veya niteliklerden \u00e7ok daha fazla miktarda. Teknoloji firmalar\u0131, d\u0131\u015f istihdam firmalar\u0131na yaslanarak, ta\u015feron i\u015f\u00e7ilere, do\u011frudan istihdam edilenlerle ayn\u0131 yard\u0131mlara (sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri ve \u00fccretli izin gibi) eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 vermek zorunda olmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, tasarruf etmi\u015f oluyorlar. \u0130stihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 da \u015firketlere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teklifler sunuyor ve bedeli s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131, veya hi\u00e7 olmayan \u00f6deneklerle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6demelerine yol a\u00e7\u0131yorlar.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130stihdam \u015firketlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, \u00fcnl\u00fc teknoloji merkezleri i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek emek standartlar\u0131n\u0131n yeni \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ne olabilece\u011fini ortaya koymak \u00fczere isyan etmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar. Bu i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6rg\u00fctleniyor, sendika \u00fcyeli\u011fi ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme yetkisi i\u00e7in oy kullan\u0131yor ve halk deste\u011fini artt\u0131rma umuduyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131, hizmetlerini sunduklar\u0131 \u015firketlerin isimlerini de s\u00f6yleyerek, alenen te\u015fhir ediyorlar. \u201cAdecco\u201d ortalama bir t\u00fcketici i\u00e7in bir \u015fey ifade etmiyor olabilir, ama \u201cGoogle\u201d kesinlikle bir \u015fey ifade ediyor ve \u00e7o\u011fu Google m\u00fc\u015fterisi de kurumsal sorumluluk konusunu \u00f6nemsiyor. E\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, New York ve Chicago gibi daha yeni teknoloji merkezlerinde muazzam bir etki yaratabilirler.<\/p>\n

Bollu\u011fun vadisi, ama az\u0131nl\u0131k i\u00e7in<\/strong><\/p>\n

Silikon Vadisi, \u00f6nceden meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 olan 1854 mil kare [\u00e7n. yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 4802 km kare] boyunca uzanmakta ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019ndeki olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek de\u011fere sahip arazinin (ve \u015firketlerin) baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir. Apple 1 trilyon dolar, Google 383 milyar dolar, Facebook 250 milyar dolar de\u011ferindedir. Bu gibi firmalardaki teknoloji profesyonelleri, 2014 tarihli Dice.com teknoloji kariyer sitesinin anketine g\u00f6re<\/a> y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama olarak 112.610 dolarl\u0131k bir \u00fccrete sahipler.<\/p>\n

Destek i\u015f\u00e7ileri, bu olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek k\u00e2rl\u0131 pastadan kazanmalar\u0131 gereken dilimi istiyorlar. C\u00e1rdenas i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleme fikrine, \u00f6n lisans derecesini almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Evergreen Valley Koleji\u2019ndeki 2014 g\u00fcz\u00fcndeki sosyoloji dersi esnas\u0131nda ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f. E\u011fitmen Frank Espinoza, patronlarla i\u015f\u00e7i kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlarken, C\u00e1rdenas\u2019a \u201cBunun gibi Golyat\u2019lara kar\u015f\u0131 koydu\u011fun zaman, olduk\u00e7a fazla say\u0131da Davut\u2019a ihtiyac\u0131n var\u201d demi\u015f. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin say\u0131ca \u00e7oklukla birlikte inan\u0131lmaz g\u00fc\u00e7lendikleri mesaj\u0131, C\u00e1rdenas \u00fczerinde derin bir etki b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f. Google Express\u2019teki arkada\u015f\u0131 Adecco i\u015f\u00e7ileriyle sendikaya gereksinim duyup duymad\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Depoda pek \u00e7ok emek sorunu mevcutmu\u015f: istihdamda iki y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r; \u00e7atlak zemin ve hasarl\u0131 elektrik sistemleri gibi tehlikeli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131; bo\u011fucu s\u0131cak; 13$-14$ gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck saatlik \u00fccretler.<\/p>\n

Adecco i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcndeki m\u0131r\u0131ldanmalara pasifle\u015ftirme (C\u00e1rdenas havaland\u0131rman\u0131n iyile\u015ftirildi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor) ve sendika engelleme bile\u015fimiyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. Teamsters [\u00e7n. Ta\u015f\u0131ma \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131] ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Rome Aloise, In These Times\u2019a \u015firketin \u00fcnl\u00fc sendika kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hukuk firmas\u0131 Jackson Lewis\u2019\u0131 i\u015fe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u201ci\u015f\u00e7ileri korkutmak ve y\u0131ld\u0131rmak i\u00e7in her yola ba\u015fvurdu\u011funu\u201d s\u00f6yledi. C\u00e1rdenas ve Aloise, avukatlar\u0131n katlarda dola\u015farak ve y\u00f6neticilerin i\u015f\u00e7ileri kenara \u00e7ekerek veya uzun \u201czoraki dinleyicili\u201d toplant\u0131lar yaparak sendikala\u015fman\u0131n tuzaklar\u0131n\u0131 vaaz ettiklerini s\u00f6ylediler. Ne gariptir ki, ayn\u0131 Adecco ayr\u0131ca C\u00e1rdenas\u2019\u0131, emek \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi esnas\u0131nda i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 zorbal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla -kendisi bu iddiay\u0131 reddediyor- bir bu\u00e7uk g\u00fcn boyunca g\u00f6revden ald\u0131. (Aloise, In These Times\u2019a Teamsters\u2019\u0131n C\u00e1rdenas ve misilleme amac\u0131yla i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na inanan iki i\u015f\u00e7inin nezdinde NLRB [\u00e7n. National Labor Relations Board \u2013 Ulusal \u0130\u015f\u00e7i-\u0130\u015fveren \u0130li\u015fkileri Kurulu] \u015fikayeti dolduraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.)<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin emek sorunlar\u0131 ve sendika kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki iddialar\u0131 sordu\u011fumuzda, Adecco s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201cBu se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci boyunca \u00e7ok say\u0131da yanl\u0131\u015f iddia ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; yasal s\u00fcreci devam eden konular hakk\u0131nda yorum yapmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil, ancak se\u00e7im s\u00fcreci etraf\u0131nda NLRB\u2019ye itirazlar sunuldu. \u2026 NLRB\u2019nin soru\u015fturmalar\u0131 ve yakla\u015fan duru\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tamamen i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7erisinde olaca\u011f\u0131z.\u201d Kendisi ayr\u0131ca \u015firketin \u201ci\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zca \u00f6zg\u00fcrce se\u00e7ilen herhangi bir y\u00f6n\u00fc destekledi\u011fini\u201d ancak \u201ci\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir sendikay\u0131 arac\u0131 kullanmak yerine i\u015fverenleri olarak do\u011frudan bizimle muhatap olmalar\u0131 daha iyi olacakt\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde ekledi.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015f\u0131lan i\u015f\u00e7iler bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi payla\u015fm\u0131yorlar. Adecco \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 21 A\u011fustos\u2019ta Teamsters\u2019a kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oy kulland\u0131lar<\/a>, sonunda teknolojinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmas\u0131 \u015feklinde de\u011ferlendirilebilecek bir ba\u015fka kilometre ta\u015f\u0131, emek \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin Silikon Vadisi boyunca h\u0131zl\u0131ca yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki bir u\u011frak.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk k\u0131p\u0131rt\u0131lar, de\u011ferli sivil haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyicisi Jesse Jackson [\u00e7n. ABD\u2019li politikac\u0131, insan haklar\u0131 aktivisti, ve papaz] ans\u0131z\u0131n Vadi\u2019deki \u0131rksal ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal e\u015fitsizliklere odaklanan, yar\u0131iletken \u00fcreticisi Broadcom ofislerindeki g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri i\u00e7in daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir kampanya ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, May\u0131s 2014\u2019te ba\u015flad\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl 2014\u2019te, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlileri \u201cApple, Apple, iyi de\u011filsin, i\u015f\u00e7ilerine olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi davran\u201d sloganlar\u0131yla bir Apple d\u00fckkan\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde topland\u0131lar. Kas\u0131m 2014\u2019te Unite Here [\u00e7n. Amerika ve Kanada\u2019da otel, yemek hizmetleri, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rhane ve kumarhane sanayilerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendikas\u0131] protestocular\u0131, Intel\u2019in Santa Clara ofislerinde firmay\u0131, bir yemek \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan istihdam edilen yemek hizmeti i\u015f\u00e7ilerine haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar i\u00e7in sorumlu tutmak \u00fczere topland\u0131lar. Aral\u0131k 2014 protestosunda Jackson, g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlisi ve yemek hizmetleri i\u015f\u00e7ilerinden (bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu di\u011fer ta\u015feron i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu gibi renkli insanlard\u0131) olu\u015fan bir kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6neterek \u201cApple vergilerden ka\u00e7ar, bedeli biz \u00f6deriz\u201d sloganlar\u0131n\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Apple\u2019\u0131n Bay Area kamp\u00fcs\u00fcndeki bir toplanmaya \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti.<\/p>\n

Teamsters 2015\u2019te d\u00f6rt sendika zaferi g\u00f6rd\u00fc: Google Express\u2019teki depo i\u015f\u00e7ileri, Genetech\u2019teki at\u0131k bertaraf i\u015f\u00e7ileri ve Apple, Genentech, Yahoo, eBay, Zynga, Evernote ve Amtrak\u2019a toplu olarak hizmet eden iki ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u015firketindeki i\u015f\u00e7iler. Bunlar, Silikon Vadisi\u2019ndeki geli\u015fmekte olan s\u0131n\u0131f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n utan\u00e7 verici simgelerinin s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri: San Francisco ve Silikon Vadisi\u2019nin \u00e7evresinden se\u00e7kin \u00f6zel otob\u00fcsler. (Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda, teknoloji personeline \u00f6zel olan otob\u00fcsler, \u015fehir otob\u00fcs duraklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 \u00fczerinden hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131lar.<\/a>) Aloise\u2019e g\u00f6re, yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler 200\u2019den fazla s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcy\u00fc kapsamakta ve yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak [y\u0131ll\u0131k] 60.000$\u2019l\u0131k \u00fccretleri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almakta.<\/p>\n

Teamsters ve Unite Here sendikalar\u0131na ek olarak, Hizmet \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Sendikas\u0131 (SEIU) [\u00e7n. Amerika, Porto Riko ve Kanada\u2019da sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, kamu hizmetleri ve \u00f6zel hizmetler sekt\u00f6rlerindeki i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir sendika] da South Bay AFL-CIO [\u00e7n. Amerika\u2019daki 56 ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 sendikay\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran en b\u00fcy\u00fck ulusal sendika konfederasyonu] Emek Konseyinin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. SEIU kampanyalar\u0131, Silikon Vadisi\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki g\u00fcvenlik istihdam\u0131 \u015firketi olan Universal Protection Service ve Security Industry Specialists\u2019te s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Norman Meeks, SEIU ile birlikte i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Universal Protection Service g\u00fcvenlik elemanlar\u0131ndan. G\u00fcvenlik elemanlar\u0131, pahal\u0131 bir sa\u011fl\u0131k sigorta plan\u0131 sat\u0131n alma d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir ek yard\u0131m olmadan saatlik 10$-12$ aras\u0131 kazan\u0131yorlar, diyor. Silikon Vadisi\u2019ni \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r halde tutan di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler gibi, g\u00fcvenlik elemanlar\u0131 da \u00fclkenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc en pahal\u0131 yerle\u015fiminde bu asgariye yak\u0131n \u00fccretleri kazan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki vadinin hik\u00e2yesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00f6rfez B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki bar\u0131nma maliyetleri h\u0131zla y\u00fckseliyor; \u00f6rne\u011fin San Jose\u2019deki kiralar, yaln\u0131zca 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda %12 artm\u0131\u015f. K\u00f6rfez B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nin, Richmond ve Walnut Creek gibi en uzak ve bir zamanlar fiyat\u0131 uygun b\u00f6lgeleri \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mensubu i\u00e7in \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 hale geliyor. B\u00f6lgesel geli\u015fme plan\u0131 olan K\u00f6rfez B\u00f6lgesi Plan\u0131, Silikon Vadisi temizlik g\u00f6revlilerinin y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 25.000 dolar kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nma ve ula\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Aloise, sendikala\u015fma ve daha iyi \u00fccretler i\u00e7in m\u00fczakereler yapman\u0131n, baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in Silikon Vadisi\u2019nde ya\u015fayabilme ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 topluluklarda ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 kurabilmelerini sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Silikon Vadisi\u2019ndeki gelir u\u00e7urumu ayr\u0131ca \u0131rksal hatlar boyunca daha da keskinle\u015fiyor. Bu da Jesse Jackson\u2019\u0131n oradaki emek \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinde yer almas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri. Topluluk-emek koalisyonu Working Partnerships USA\u2019dan Derecka Mehrens bu durumu \u201cmesleki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d [\u00e7n. occupational segregation] olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Siyah ve Latin i\u015f\u00e7iler programc\u0131lar ve y\u00fcksek \u00fccretli teknoloji personeli i\u00e7erisinde olduk\u00e7a az temsil edilirken, madalyonun di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda, yani bu insanlar\u0131 i\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcren, arkalar\u0131ndan temizlik yapan, savurgan kafelerde onlar\u0131 doyuran ve onlar\u0131 g\u00fcvende tutan k\u0131s\u0131mda olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek temsil ediliyorlar. Beyaz ve Asyal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler Silikon Vadisi\u2019nin bak\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda %21\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl ederken, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015firketin yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 istatistiklere g\u00f6re (\u00e7o\u011fu teknoloji firmas\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlilik verisini payla\u015fmaktan imtina etti\u011fi i\u00e7in bu sanayinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6sterge) Google personelinin %91\u2019ine tekab\u00fcl ediyorlar.<\/p>\n

Teknoloji sanayisi kendisini yetenekli kodcular\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi gerekti\u011fi \u015feklinde savunuyor. Aralar\u0131ndan se\u00e7ebilecekleri \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, programc\u0131lar \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan, Google\u2019\u0131n kurum i\u00e7i masaj terapistleri gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc ekleri de i\u00e7eren, en iyi paketlerce cezbediliyorlar.<\/p>\n

Ama a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a programlama emek g\u00fcc\u00fc, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok say\u0131daki teknoloji e\u011fitim programlar\u0131na ve H-1B [\u00e7n. uzmanl\u0131k gerektiren alanlarda yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri istihdam etmeye y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6\u00e7menlik i\u00e7in olmayan vize] vizeleriyle gelen (\u00e7o\u011fu bolca kod \u00fcretirken d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f \u00fccret alan ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k \u015firket mekan\u0131nda tutulan) yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla, b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Hali haz\u0131rda, yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u00fchendisleri yeni kodun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yazarken, geni\u015f bir programc\u0131 havuzu da montaj hatt\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri gibi davran\u0131yorlar, daha \u00f6nceden mevcut haz\u0131r kodlar\u0131 bir araya getiriyorlar. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirmenin baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerinde \u00fccretler, ta\u015fm\u0131\u015f emek piyasas\u0131 ve deneyimli meslekta\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha ucuza mal olan daha gen\u00e7 ve taze i\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u015fe alman\u0131n bir sonucu olarak d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Silikon Vadisi\u2019nin ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f programc\u0131lar\u0131, bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, kendileri i\u00e7in sendika kampanyas\u0131 konusuna bak\u0131p bakmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunu de\u011ferlendirmek isteyebilir.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, l\u00fctfen kar\u015f\u0131 koyun<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tehlike i\u015faretini g\u00f6ren kamuoyunda iyi tan\u0131nan kimi teknoloji \u015firketleri, istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla i\u015fe ald\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in standartlar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmenin ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131yorlar. May\u0131s\u2019ta, belki de Fight for 15 [\u00e7n. 15$ saatlik \u00fccret i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele eden bir olu\u015fum] hareketinin ate\u015fini g\u00f6ren Facebook, kendisi i\u00e7in \u201caz\u0131msanmayacak miktarda i\u015f yapan\u201d y\u00fcklenici ve sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lara asgari 15$ saatlik \u00fccret ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6denekleri \u015fart ko\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Di\u011fer \u015firketler, Google\u2019\u0131n Ekim 2014\u2019te g\u00fcvenlik hizmetlerini ve Apple\u2019\u0131n da Mart 2015 g\u00fcvenlik g\u00f6revlilerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00f6nceden ta\u015feron olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 kurum i\u00e7i hale getiriyorlar.<\/p>\n

Working Partnerships USA\u2019dan Derecka Mehrens teknoloji firmalar\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak te\u015fvik etmesine bel ba\u011flaman\u0131n ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Destek i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin kurum i\u00e7i hale gelmesiyle birlikte, teknoloji firmalar\u0131n\u0131n istihdam firmalar\u0131yla m\u00fczakere edilen sendika s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine uyma zorunlulu\u011fu kalm\u0131yor ve bu teknoloji firmalar\u0131n\u0131n sendikala\u015fmas\u0131 da hi\u00e7 g\u00f6z\u00fckmeyecek kadar enderdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f avukat\u0131 Moshe Marvit ayr\u0131ca Facebook gibi g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc giri\u015fimlerin bir g\u00f6zetim d\u00fczene\u011fi i\u00e7ermedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Do\u011frusu, Facebook plan\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirip ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmedi\u011fine ili\u015fkin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 hen\u00fcz vermedi. Sendikalar daha fazla g\u00fcvence sa\u011fl\u0131yor; i\u015f\u00e7iler bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ve ihlalleri ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bildirmek \u00fczere bir sisteme sahip oluyorlar.<\/p>\n

A\u011fustos sonu bir NLRB h\u00fckm\u00fc, teknoloji firmalar\u0131 ister be\u011fensin ister be\u011fenmesin, bunun gibi g\u00f6zetim d\u00fczenekleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir. NLRB Browning-Ferris\u2019te<\/a>, iki \u015firketin \u201cm\u00fc\u015fterek i\u015fveren\u201d olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na y\u00f6nelik standard\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturdu. \u00d6nceden, istihdam firmalar\u0131 ve m\u00fc\u015fterileri yaln\u0131zca e\u011fer m\u00fc\u015fteriler i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fczerinde, \u00f6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7mi\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 veya saat belirlenmesi gibi belli d\u00fczeyde bir denetim uyguluyorsa m\u00fc\u015fterek i\u015fveren olarak kabul ediliyordu. \u015eimdi, NLRB, e\u011fer m\u00fc\u015fteri kuramsal olarak denetim uygulayabilecek durumdaysa, bu denetimi uygulamasa bile, m\u00fc\u015fterek i\u015fveren olarak de\u011ferlendirilir diyor.<\/p>\n

Marvit bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn Silikon Vadisi\u2019nde muazzam bir etkisi olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yor. \u015eimdi \u015firketler \u00fccretleri ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezlikten gelemeyecek ve ta\u015feron i\u015f\u00e7iler sendikala\u015f\u0131rsa, istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 kullanan firmalar g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme masas\u0131na birlikte gelmek zorunda kalacaklar.<\/p>\n

Sendika kampanyalar\u0131 h\u0131zla \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a, Silikon Vadisi\u2019nin depolar\u0131, dinlenme odalar\u0131 ve temizlik b\u00f6lmeleri daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015feyin ye\u015ferme alan\u0131 olabilecektir. Silikon Vadisi, ekonominin geli\u015fen sekt\u00f6rlerinden birinin standart belirleyicisidir. B\u00f6lge 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda k\u00e2rlar\u0131n nas\u0131l payla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir emsal davad\u0131r. Olduk\u00e7a k\u00e2rl\u0131 bu sanayi, zenginli\u011fini, y\u0131ld\u0131z vizyonerlerden temizlik g\u00f6revlilerine ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan \u00e7o\u011funlukla payla\u015facak m\u0131 yoksa k\u00e2rlar\u0131n az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n elinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na devam m\u0131 edecek?<\/p>\n

S. E. Smith, The Guardian, Bitch Magazine, AlterNet, Jezebel, Salon, the Sundance Channel blog, Longshot Magazine, Global Comment, Think Progress, xoJane, Truthout, Time, Nerve, VICE, The Week ve Reproductive Health Reality Check i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lar yazm\u0131\u015f, toplumsal konular \u00fczerine bir deneme yazar\u0131, gazeteci ve aktivist. Takip i\u00e7in: @sesmithwrites.<\/p>\n

7 Eyl\u00fcl 2015<\/p>\n[In These Times\u2019taki \u0130ngilizcesinden<\/a> Tahir Emre Kalayc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Sendika.Org i\u00e7in \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201cSilikon Vadisi\u201d c\u00fcmle i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7ti\u011finde bile bir\u00e7ok insan\u0131n i\u00e7inin \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir zamanda…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[2701],"class_list":{"0":"post-17568","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-silikon-vadisi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17568"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17568\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}