Parazit kentle\u015fmenin gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131nda yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131 da \u00fcst\u00fc de atmosfer de d\u00e2hil her yeri ve her \u015feyi etki alan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve toplumu da b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak etkiledi\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir zaman diliminde, k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kurmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn, Lefebvre\u2019in 1970 tarihli Kentsel Devrim kitab\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015finde provokatif bir \u015fekilde ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cToplumun bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde kentle\u015fmesi\u201d durumu ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Lefebvre, 70\u2019lerde, gezegenin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kentle\u015fmesini ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bir durumdan ziyade do\u011fmakta olan\/belirmekte olan bir durum olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 da geleneksel Avrupa kentlerinin par\u00e7alanmalar\u0131na ve tahrip edilmelerine dayand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: \u0130ngiltere, Paris ve Ruhr Havzas\u0131\u2019ndan \u0130skandinavya\u2019ya uzanan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 b\u00f6lgesel bir metropolisin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, bir zamanlar\u0131n \u0131rak b\u00f6lgelerine uzanm\u0131\u015f lojistik, ticari ve turistik alt yap\u0131lar, k\u0131rsal yerle\u015fimlerdeki otonomvari tar\u0131m topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n yok edilmeleri ve k\u0131ta boyunca meydana gelen \u00e7evresel tahribat.<\/p>\n
Marksist filozofa g\u00f6re, Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131ndaki bu gidi\u015fat, gezegen \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda insafs\u0131z bir kentsel dokunun \u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6recektik. Kapitalist end\u00fcstriyel b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinden, arazilere, okyanuslardan atmosfere ve hatta yerin alt\u0131na, her \u015feyi birikimi i\u00e7in ara\u00e7salla\u015ft\u0131racak, i\u015flevselle\u015ftirecekti.<\/p>\n
21.Y\u00fcz\u0131l Lefebvre\u2019i hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131! Her \u015feyin kentsel oldu\u011fu bir d\u00fcnyada sermayenin gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131nda istilas\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. \u00dczerinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 organizman\u0131n kan\u0131ndan, can\u0131ndan beslenen parazitler misali sermaye de geli\u015fimini d\u00fcnyay\u0131 yok ederek, t\u00fcketerek sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Kentle\u015fmeye y\u00fczdelerden bakarsak, e\u015fik 2007\u2019de a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 ve gezegenin tarihinde ilk kez d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131 kentlerde ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) Raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 2014 itibariyle y\u00fczde 54 olan oran\u0131n, 2050\u2019de y\u00fczde 66\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmekte.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda, gezegen d\u00fczeyinde y\u00fczde 100 kentle\u015fme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re \u201cToplumun bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde kentle\u015fmesi\u2019\u2019 nas\u0131l m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmakta? Kentle\u015fme derken her yere bina k\u00fcmeleri, g\u00f6kdelenler, AVMler\u2026 dikilece\u011fini kastetmiyoruz; geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla, kentle\u015fmenin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya do\u011fru k\u0131rsala, atmosfere, okyanuslara ta\u015fan etkilerinden ve ayr\u0131ca piyasa g\u00fc\u00e7lerinden arz ve talebe, idari d\u00fczenlemelerden pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcr pratiklerine, jeopolitik uygulamalara kadar kentselin bir ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 olarak k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte her yere s\u0131zmas\u0131ndan bahsediyoruz:<\/p>\n
\u201cSibirya\u2019n\u0131n tundralar\u0131ndan Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131na, Antarktika\u2019n\u0131n buzullar\u0131ndan hatta belki okyanuslara ve nefes ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z havaya kadar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm y\u00fczeyi hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6nemde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, \u015f\u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle kentle\u015fmi\u015f durumda.\u201d<\/p>\n
Burada, uzaya g\u00f6nderilen haberle\u015fme uydular\u0131ndan, okyanuslar\u0131n diplerinden ge\u00e7en kablolara, kentlerin enerji ve altyap\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in k\u0131rsaldaki do\u011fa ve \u00e7evre talan\u0131na kadar geni\u015f bir spektrumdan s\u00f6z edebiliriz. Kent Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131lan 21.Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u2019da, daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 rastlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 derecede, art\u0131k yery\u00fcz\u00fc \u00fczerindeki hi\u00e7bir \u015fey kapitalizmin etki alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalam\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczlemde, kentselin nerede bitip, k\u0131rsal\u0131n nerede ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tayin etmek de g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015fmekte. Harvey\u2019in alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00fczere, sadece daimi bir banliy\u00f6le\u015fmeden, kentin \u00e7eperlere yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ya da \u00e7evresine sa\u00e7aklanan megapolden bahsetmiyoruz; her k\u00f6y\u00fc ve de her k\u0131rsal inziva k\u00f6\u015fesini de i\u00e7eren bir kentle\u015fmeden bahsediyoruz ki bu tan\u0131mlama, bir zamanlar n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 kolayl\u0131kla kentsel ya da k\u0131rsal olarak ay\u0131rabildi\u011fimiz t\u00fcm basit kategorileri de alt \u00fcst ediyor. Nitekim Lefebvre de kapitalist kentle\u015fmenin gezegen y\u00fczeyinde yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek, bu d\u00fczende sermayenin i\u00e7e do\u011fru patlamalar (implosions) ve d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru patlamalar (explosions) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla birikimini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7e do\u011fru patlamalar, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde \u015fimdiye dek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 neredeyse gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ve toplumsal ve \u00e7evresel tahribata yol a\u00e7an mahalle y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131, m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirmeler, zorla tahliyeler, yerinden etmeler, kentsel kamusal alanlar\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmeleri, ticarile\u015ftirilmeleri\u2026<\/p>\n
\u201cParazitler d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterek refah\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131t\u0131r-k\u0131t\u0131r yiyerek bitirmekte; insanlar\u0131n mal varl\u0131klar\u0131na el koyarak, konutlar\u0131n\u0131 haciz ederek, topra\u011fa bir finans varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve spek\u00fclatif kazan\u00e7 arac\u0131 muamelesi yaparak toplumsal g\u00f6vdeyi i\u00e7inden yava\u015f yava\u015f yok etmekteler.\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n
Parazitler Ayazma\u2019y\u0131, Sulukule\u2019yi, \u015een Mahalle\u2019yi, Tokludede\u2019yi yiye yiye doyamad\u0131lar \u015fimdi k\u0131t\u0131r-k\u0131t\u0131r Tarlaba\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 par\u00e7al\u0131yorlar! Parazitler kentin en sa\u011flam zeminli il\u00e7elerinden Gaziosmanpa\u015fa\u2019ya, Sultangazi\u2019ye ard\u0131 ard\u0131na riskli alan ilanlar\u0131 pe\u015findeler. Fatih Ormanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 katlederek rant kulelerini dikmekle me\u015fguller ama bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc doyam\u0131yorlar; s\u0131rada Fatih\u2019in 500 k\u00fcsur y\u0131ll\u0131k tersaneleri var, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ad\u0131 5-y\u0131ld\u0131zl\u0131 oteller, marinalar, AVM\u2019ler\u2026<\/p>\n
Baron Hausmann Paris\u2019in merkezine dalarak kentin eski mahallelerini yok etmi\u015f, yoksul n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00e7eperlere s\u00fcrerek kentin merkezini sermaye projelerine a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, kenti bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme motoru ve ayr\u0131ca b\u00f6l ve y\u00f6net arac\u0131 k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Hausmann her yerde; \u0130stanbul\u2019da belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131, Ankara\u2019da \u00c7evre \u015eehircilik Bakan\u0131, Ka\u00e7AKSaray\u2019da sultas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren\u2026 Neo-Hausmanc\u0131l\u0131k benzer \u015fekilde, k\u00fcresel \u015firketlerin, finans sermayesinin ve neoliberal devletin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirirken, mahalle y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131, acele kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalar, yerinden etmeler ile topyek\u00fbn sald\u0131r\u0131yor! Ve bu sald\u0131r\u0131 gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131nda.<\/p>\n
D\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru patlamalar ise kentlerin k\u0131rsal ve kent d\u0131\u015f\u0131 alanlara etkileri. Kent sosyolo\u011fu Neil Brenner, edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitab\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131na ay y\u00fczeyi gibi bir foto\u011fraf yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f. Bir \u00f6nceki y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikonik kent imgesi nas\u0131l ki y\u00fcksek g\u00f6kdelen ise 21.Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n kent imgesi de budur diyor. Buras\u0131, petrol i\u00e7eren kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n dinamitle patlat\u0131lmas\u0131yla petrol\u00fcn elde edildi\u011fi \u2018\u2019tar sands\u2019\u2019 ya da teknik ad\u0131yla \u2018\u2019bituminous sands\u2019\u2019 olarak bilinen bir arazi.<\/p>\n
21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n kent imgesi i\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir do\u011fa talan\u0131! Bu foto\u011fraf\u0131 al\u0131p 3.Havaliman\u0131 sahas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan do\u011fa talan\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen foto\u011fraflar\u0131n yan\u0131na koyun ya da 3.K\u00f6pr\u00fc b\u00f6lgesinin ya da termikler, HESler, RES\u2019ler, maden ocaklar\u0131 ile katledilmi\u015f Anadolu k\u0131rsal\u0131n\u0131n fotolar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na, fark g\u00f6remeyeceksiniz. Parazit kentle\u015fme her yere uzanm\u0131\u015f kan\u0131n\u0131 emiyor, yok ediyor.<\/p>\n
\u201cHiper s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc demokrasi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir k\u00fcresel kentsel sistem\u2019\u2019 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. M\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirme ve yerinden etme yoluyla birikim, topra\u011fa el koyma, m\u00fc\u015ftereklerin yok edilmeleri, ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hep birlikte k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sorun ve ihlaller. Parazit kentle\u015fme, emisyonlar\u0131, gazlar\u0131, k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibi kirletici yak\u0131tlar\u0131 ile ya\u015fam\u0131 zehirlemekte.<\/p>\n
Harvey\u2019in alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00fczere sermayenin ajandas\u0131 birikim i\u00e7in birikim oldu\u011fundan derdi de gezegenin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi de\u011fil kendi birikimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi. Parazit kentle\u015fmenin gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131nda yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131 da \u00fcst\u00fc de atmosfer de d\u00e2hil her yeri ve her \u015feyi etki alan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve toplumu da b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak etkiledi\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir zaman diliminde, k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kurmam\u0131z gerekiyor. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00f6nemle g\u00fcndeme girdi\u011fi, gezegenin emniyet e\u015fi\u011fini a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, buzullar\u0131n erimekte oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, gidi\u015fata kar\u015f\u0131 at\u0131lacak ad\u0131mlar\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda ku\u015fkusuz b\u00f6yle bir kentle\u015fmeyi tersine \u00e7evirmek geliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Parazit kentle\u015fmenin gezegen \u00e7ap\u0131nda yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131 da \u00fcst\u00fc de atmosfer de d\u00e2hil…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-19075","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19075"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19075\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}