{"id":19190,"date":"2015-12-17T17:03:49","date_gmt":"2015-12-17T15:03:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=19190"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:44:43","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:44:43","slug":"yildiz-sarayi-ve-iktidar-ideolojisin-mimari-simgeleri-nur-umar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/yildiz-sarayi-ve-iktidar-ideolojisin-mimari-simgeleri-nur-umar\/","title":{"rendered":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131 ve iktidar ideolojisinin mimari simgeleri – Nur Umar*"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u2018\u0130ktidar, toplumsal mekanda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir olu\u015fumdur. Kentler de toplumun ger\u00e7ek bir yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iktidar\u0131n kimin elinde oldu\u011funu, bazen an\u0131tlarla bazen kulelerle bazen bayraklarla bazen yollarla bazen devasa binalarla bazen de karakter de\u011fi\u015ftirerek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc defoyu gizleyen parlak \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir mekan bi\u00e7iminde g\u00f6sterir.\u2019(1)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130ktidarlar kent ve mekan \u00fczerinden, mevcut ideolojisini halka empoze etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, monar\u015fi d\u00f6nemlerinde y\u00fcksek kaleler, \u015fatolar \u015feklinde; r\u00f6nesans d\u00f6neminde insan\u0131 merkeze koyan tasar\u0131mlarla kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Fa\u015fist d\u00f6nemde devleti simgeleyen yap\u0131lar \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tutularak, halk\u0131n bu yap\u0131lar ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iktidar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz hissetmesi hedeflenmi\u015f; sosyalist d\u00f6nemde t\u00fcm estetik ve sanatsal kayg\u0131lar\u0131n merkezini insan\u0131n bireysel ve kolektif anlamda ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 belirlemi\u015f, meydanlar ve parklar kentin en \u00f6nemli bile\u015fenleri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

AKP’nin kentlere etkisine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ise Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk-islam devletlerinin mimarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 taklit eden, bu d\u00f6neme ait yap\u0131lar\u0131 kendi hizmetine sunarak gerici\/otoriter iktidar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131nda cisimle\u015ftirme hedefi g\u00f6rmekteyiz. Bunlara; Dolmabah\u00e7e Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn halka tamamen kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devredilmesini \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131z Korusu’ndan Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131’na<\/strong>
\nBe\u015fikta\u015f\u2019ta yer alan Y\u0131ld\u0131z Korusu, Sultan 1. Ahmed d\u00f6neminde bir kas\u0131rla yap\u0131la\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, daha sonraki padi\u015fahlar d\u00f6neminde k\u00f6\u015fk, kas\u0131r, \u00e7e\u015fme gibi yap\u0131larla geni\u015flemi\u015ftir. Saray\u0131n as\u0131l yap\u0131lar\u0131, Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde (1876-1909) in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, buraya \u2018Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray-\u0131 H\u00fcmayunu\u2019 ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde saray, padi\u015fah\u0131n \u00f6zel ya\u015fam\u0131na ait mekanlarla birlikte resmi g\u00f6revlilere tahsis edilen binalar\u0131, at\u00f6lyeleri, tiyatro, m\u00fcze gibi k\u00fclt\u00fcr-sanat yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da kapsamaktad\u0131r. II. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in tahtan indirilmesiyle Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131 \u00f6nemini kaybetmi\u015f, Cumhuriyet’le kamusal kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1993’ten itibaren m\u00fcze olarak kullan\u0131lan yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi (YT\u00dc) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere farkl\u0131 kurumlara tahsis edilmi\u015ftir(2)<\/span><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Bir d\u00f6nemin simgesi…<\/strong>
\nII. Abd\u00fclhamit saltanat\u0131 boyunca g\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131’nda ikamet etmeyi tercih etmi\u015f, saray\u0131n merkezi Mabeyin\u2019deki bir siyasi birim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00f6netimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, siyasal a\u00e7\u0131dan yo\u011fun tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131, uzun y\u0131llar boyunca toplum \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerilemenin engellenemedi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nem olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte toplumsal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme artm\u0131\u015f ve toplumun genelinde bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemin simgesi, y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen, h\u00fck\u00fcmet biriminin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131\u2019 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u0130ktidarlar t\u00f6ren, toplant\u0131 gibi rit\u00fceller i\u00e7in kendi ideolojisini yans\u0131tan mekanlar\u0131 tercih etmektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda, son zamanlar\u0131n g\u00fcndemi olan Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131’n\u0131n cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na devri manidard\u0131r. Abd\u00fclhamit’ten sonraki padi\u015fahlar\u0131n bile tam anlam\u0131yla sahiplenmedi\u011fi saray Tayyip Erdo\u011fan \u201cvizyonu\u201d ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yeniden y\u00f6netim i\u015fleviyle kullan\u0131lmak istenmekte ve bu durum olmas\u0131 gerekenmi\u015f gibi dayat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Otorite simgesel bir yap\u0131 \u00fczerinden de canland\u0131r\u0131lmak istense de ayn\u0131 nehirde iki kere y\u0131kanmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. O nehirden \u00e7ok sular akm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray’\u0131 yerinde durmaktad\u0131r fakat kamusalla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kentin ve toplumun belle\u011finde yer edinmi\u015f, halk\u0131n ya\u015fam alan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray\u0131’n\u0131n devri, kompleks i\u00e7erisinde yer alan di\u011fer kamusal yap\u0131lar; m\u00fcze, k\u00fct\u00fcphane, park ve YT\u00dc yerle\u015fkesi i\u00e7in bir tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. \u0130stanbul\u2019un merkezinde kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k bu alan, bir g\u00fcnde cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na devredilmi\u015f olsa da 90 y\u0131ll\u0131k kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6\u011frencilerin, Be\u015fikta\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n, \u0130stanbullular\u0131n yani halk\u0131nd\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n gelece\u011fine iktidar\u0131n de\u011fil, halk\u0131n karar vermesi gerekmektedir. 80\u2019li y\u0131llarda Ta\u015fk\u0131\u015fla Yerle\u015fkesi’nin otele d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmek istenmesi ya da 2013\u2019te Gezi Park\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinde kamusal alan, kendini oraya ait hisseden ve sahip \u00e7\u0131kanlar\u0131n tavizsiz duru\u015fu ve m\u00fccadelesi ile kurtulmu\u015ftur. Bize d\u00fc\u015fen \u00fcniversitemize, k\u00fct\u00fcphanemize, park\u0131m\u0131za d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ‘Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray Kompleksi’ne sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak, ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u015fgallerine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektir.<\/p>\n

1-<\/strong>Tuncer, 2012. \u0130ktidar\u0131n mekansal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi. s.15<\/span>
\n 2-<\/strong>Y\u0131ld\u0131z Saray kompleksi i\u00e7erisinde yer alan damatlar (\u015fehzadeler) dairesi 1937’de \u00fcniversite binas\u0131na \u00e7evrilmi\u015f ve o g\u00fcnk\u00fc ismi ile \u2018\u0130stanbul Teknik Okulu\u2019 olarak e\u011fitimine devam etmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul Teknik Okulu, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Y\u0131ld\u0131z Teknik \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, bina ise Mimarl\u0131k Fak\u00fcltesi taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaya devam etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nur Umar \/ Mimar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

*Mimarlar Odas\u0131’n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki Y\u0131ld\u0131z D\u0131\u015f Karakol Binas\u0131’n\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na devretmek i\u00e7in binay\u0131 hukuksuzca gasp eden ve binay\u0131 savunan Mimarlar Odas\u0131 YK \u00fcyelerini, m\u00fchendisleri, ya\u015fam savunucular\u0131n\u0131 zor kullanarak g\u00f6zalt\u0131na alan Saray’\u0131n arzusunu, amac\u0131n\u0131 anlatan 17 Aral\u0131k tarihli yaz\u0131y\u0131 yeniden yay\u0131ml\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u2018\u0130ktidar, toplumsal mekanda yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir olu\u015fumdur. Kentler de toplumun ger\u00e7ek bir yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4716,1991],"tags":[2801,2800],"class_list":{"0":"post-19190","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-halkin-muhendisleri-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-cumhurbaskanligi-yildiz","10":"tag-yildiz-sarayi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19190"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19190\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}