Hayat\u0131n y\u00fcklerinin giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131ndan m\u0131 bilinmez art\u0131k daha az g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne bak\u0131yoruz, soludu\u011fumuz havan\u0131n kirlili\u011finin de \u00e7ok az\u0131m\u0131z fark\u0131na var\u0131yor. Hava kirlili\u011fi bu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00e7evre ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Bir d\u00f6nem yo\u011fun k\u00f6m\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle hava kirlili\u011fi kentlerde \u00e7ok ciddi bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, \u015fimdilerde yine ayn\u0131 durum s\u00f6z konusu.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kronik hava kirlili\u011fi bir s\u00fcredir \u00c7in\u2019de ya\u015fan\u0131yor. \u00c7in\u2019in kuzeyindeki 40 kentte alarm verilmesi bo\u015fa de\u011fil. \u00c7in\u2019in ba\u015fkenti Pekin\u2019de aral\u0131k ay\u0131 i\u00e7inde iki hafta arayla iki kez k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alarm verildi. Riskli b\u00f6lgelerde fabrikalar k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 \u00fcretime devam ederken, okullarda e\u011fitime ara verildi, tek-\u00e7ift plaka uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi. Ayn\u0131 dertten son zamanlarda \u0130ran da muzdarip. Ba\u015fkent Tahran\u2019da kirli hava sebebiyle insanlardan evlerinden \u00e7\u0131kmamalar\u0131 istendi, okullar tatil edildi.<\/p>\n
Hava kalitesi g\u00f6stergelerini k\u00fcresel uydu haritalar\u0131 kullanarak tespit eden NASA (ABD Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Dairesi), 2005 ve 2014 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerindeki 195 farkl\u0131 \u015fehir \u00fczerindeki hava kirlili\u011fi trendlerini takip ederek kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. NASA\u2019n\u0131n uydu haritalar\u0131, son 10 y\u0131lda kontrols\u00fcz b\u00fcy\u00fcme sonucu \u0130stanbul\u2019daki azot dioksit oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 50 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerindeyiz peki ya \u00f6nlem?<\/p>\n
Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesindeki Hava Kalitesi \u0130zleme\u2019nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler, \u0130stanbul\u2019da Partik\u00fcl Madde 10\u2019un (PM10) olmas\u0131 gereken de\u011ferlerin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Hatta aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda baz\u0131 il\u00e7elerde PM10 oranlar\u0131 200 mikrogram\/metrek\u00fcp seviyelerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Avrupa Birli\u011fi standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalaman\u0131n 50 mikrogram\/metrek\u00fcp oran\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fmamas\u0131 gerekli. Y\u0131l baz\u0131nda da g\u00fcnl\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fma say\u0131s\u0131 35 g\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7memeli, ge\u00e7erse \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmal\u0131, oysa T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de uygulanan b\u00f6yle bir s\u0131n\u0131r yok.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de PM10 i\u00e7in uygulanan s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fer ge\u00e7en y\u0131la kadar 100 mikrogram\/metrek\u00fcpm\u00fc\u015f, \u015fu anda 90 mikrogram\/metrek\u00fcp. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde AB \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 125 mikrogram\/metrek\u00fcp olan k\u00fck\u00fcrtdioksit oran\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 225 mikrogram\/metrek\u00fcp. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferler ne Avrupa Birli\u011fi ne de D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn belirledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerle uyumlu de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
Hatta AB mevzuat\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi zorunlu olan PM 2,5 gibi akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131na neden olan kirleticilere dair herhangi bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ve k\u0131s\u0131tlama da yok. \u0130\u015fin k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc 1 Ocak 2019\u2019a kadar da bu durum b\u00f6yle devam edecek, tam uyum i\u00e7in belirlenen tarih bu.<\/p>\n
Tabi, bu de\u011ferler AB standartlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde tutulunca, y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fma limitleri olmay\u0131nca hava kirlili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaya y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir \u00f6nlem alma gere\u011fi de hissedilmiyor. Ne yerel y\u00f6netimler, ne de \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorumluluk alm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Hava Kirlili\u011fi Raporu\u2019nda da bu durum \u015f\u00f6yle ifade edilmi\u015f: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de belirlenen s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferler Avrupa Birli\u011fi ve D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn belirledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerle uyumlu de\u011fildir. Bunun yan\u0131nda, PM 2,5 gibi akci\u011fer hastal\u0131klar\u0131na neden olan kirleticiye dair de herhangi bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda yer almamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferler AB s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011ferlerinin iki kat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu de\u011ferlerin 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda e\u015fitlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ancak mevcut durumda bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n ci\u011feri ci\u011fer de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki yurtta\u015flar\u0131n ci\u011feri ci\u011fer de\u011fil midir? sorusu zihinlerde soru i\u015faretleriyle doludur\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Kirlilik tam olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fcyor, ne soludu\u011fumuzu bilmiyoruz.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye Toraks Derne\u011fi verilerine g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 28 bin ki\u015fi y\u0131lda hava kirlili\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 sebeplerle hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor.<\/p>\n
Neden art\u0131yor bu partik\u00fcl kirlili\u011fi? Cevab\u0131 gayet net. B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin, kalk\u0131nman\u0131n, geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6stergesi olan asfalt, beton ve otomobil feti\u015fi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden.<\/p>\n
Trafi\u011fe kay\u0131tl\u0131 ara\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli bir art\u0131\u015f var. \u0130statistiklere g\u00f6re, 2014 sonu itibariyle \u0130stanbul trafi\u011finde yer alan ara\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131 3,5 milyon civar\u0131ndayd\u0131, g\u00fcnde ortalama trafi\u011fe 594 otomobil \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. 2015\u2019te bu rakam iki kat\u0131na ula\u015farak 1071 olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n
Plans\u0131z ve yo\u011fun kentle\u015fmeyle, havay\u0131 kesen g\u00f6kdelenlerle kentin hava ve r\u00fczgar koridorlar\u0131 bloke edildi. Yine ula\u015f\u0131mdan \u00e7ok altyap\u0131 ve rant projesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u00f6pr\u00fc i\u00e7in \u0130stanbul\u2019un kuzeyinde ormans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rmayla ciddi bir a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Vadiler, g\u00f6ller, ormanlar talana a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken, kenti \u00e7evreleyen sanayi b\u00f6lgeleri kirlenmeyi \u00e7o\u011faltt\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, yanl\u0131\u015f, bilin\u00e7siz, plans\u0131z yap\u0131lanma ve yerle\u015fim, kentin hem ekolojik ve hem klimatolojik dengelerini bozdu.<\/p>\n
O halde ne yapmak laz\u0131m?<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n raporunda de\u011finilen birka\u00e7 \u00f6neri \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n
\u2013 Mevzuatta zorunlu olan 2014-2019 Temiz Hava Plan\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130l \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri taraf\u0131ndan kurumlar\u0131n, STK\u2019lar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131, bu plandaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme y\u00f6nelik kararlar kesin ve kararl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde uygulanmal\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Kentlerde, co\u011frafi konumdan kaynakl\u0131 kirli havan\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lamamas\u0131 problemi var. Kentlerde, hava koridorlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne bina yap\u0131m\u0131 engellenmeli. E\u011fer bir kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden s\u00f6z edilecekse, hava kirlili\u011fini \u00e7\u00f6zme odakl\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeli.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Ula\u015f\u0131mda toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma hakim k\u0131l\u0131nmal\u0131 kent merkezine ara\u00e7 giri\u015fi k\u0131s\u0131tlanmal\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 ile sanayi alan\u0131 aras\u0131nda ye\u015fil ku\u015faklar olu\u015fturulmal\u0131, \u015fehir planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken ilin hakim r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fc ile kom\u015fu illerden olas\u0131 kirletici ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmal\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hava kirlili\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmayan her g\u00fcn do\u011fadan ve ya\u015famdan \u00e7al\u0131nan g\u00fcn demek<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hayat\u0131n y\u00fcklerinin giderek a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131yor olmas\u0131ndan m\u0131 bilinmez art\u0131k daha az g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne bak\u0131yoruz,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[2855],"class_list":{"0":"post-19250","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-beton"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}