{"id":19401,"date":"2016-01-04T10:52:55","date_gmt":"2016-01-04T08:52:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=19401"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:31","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:31","slug":"3-havalimani-projesi-tamamlanirsa-kaybeden-istanbul-olacaktir-prof-dr-zerrin-bayrakdar-mimarist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/3-havalimani-projesi-tamamlanirsa-kaybeden-istanbul-olacaktir-prof-dr-zerrin-bayrakdar-mimarist\/","title":{"rendered":"3. Havaliman\u0131 projesi tamamlan\u0131rsa kaybeden \u0130stanbul olacakt\u0131r! – Prof. Dr. Zerrin Bayrakdar (Mimarist)"},"content":{"rendered":"

3. havaliman\u0131 ni\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131yor sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131, iktidar\u0131n \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netim \u015fekli ile ilgilenmeyen ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ko\u015fu\u015fturan ki\u015filer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019da mevcut olan iki havaliman\u0131 talebe yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131yorlar\u201d olabilir. Durumun b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 3. havaliman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile ortadad\u0131r. Zira 3. havaliman\u0131, 3. k\u00f6pr\u00fc gibi \u201cmega\u201d diye an\u0131lan projeler asl\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un gelece\u011finin katili olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz projelerdir. Zira bu projeler \u0130stanbul\u2019un kuzeyinde y\u00fcz milyonlarca a\u011fac\u0131, y\u00fczlerce bitki ve yaban hayvan\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, onlarca su havzas\u0131yla bizlere ya\u011fmur, bereket, nefes ve ya\u015fam sunan bir ekosistem olan kuzey ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130n\u015faat alan\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilen kuzey ormanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u0130stanbul\u2019un imar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir anayasa niteli\u011finde olan ve 2009 y\u0131l\u0131 haziran ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Meclisi\u2019nde kabul edilen 1\/100.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u0130stanbul \u00c7evre D\u00fczeni Plan\u0131\u2019nda \u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019un gelece\u011fini koruman\u0131n ilk \u015fart\u0131, kuzeydeki ormanlar\u0131n ve su havzalar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in kentin kuzeye do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi kesinlikle engellenmelidir\u201d ibaresi yer almaktad\u0131r. Ama gelin g\u00f6r\u00fcn ki \u0130stanbul\u2019un akci\u011ferleri ve su kaynaklar\u0131 olan kuzey ormanlar\u0131 3. Bo\u011faz k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ve 3. havaliman\u0131 in\u015faatlar\u0131yla tahrip edilmekte; b\u00f6lgeye yeni uydu kentlerin, otoyollar\u0131n, an\u0131lmas\u0131 bile benim i\u00e7in bir utan\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olan kanal projesi gibi bir\u00e7ok projenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki, \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir havaliman\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r? Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 iki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re irdeleyebiliriz:<\/p>\n

Birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, mevcut havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n kapasitelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015e\u00f6yle ki: \u0130stanbul hava trafi\u011findeki yo\u011funluk \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir havaliman\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecek kadar y\u00fcksek de\u011fildir. Havac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn deneyimli isimleri, Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n pist geni\u015fletme, say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma ve \u00fcst yap\u0131 kapasitelerinde y\u00fckseltmeye gidilmesiyle bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilece\u011fini belirtmektedirler. T\u00fcrk Hava Yollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131\u00e7rama yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 2003-2010 senelerinde Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Candan Karl\u0131tekin\u2019in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

\u201cTemel iddiam \u015fudur; gerek Atat\u00fcrk Hava Liman\u0131 (AHL) gerek Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en\u2019e iki\u015fer milyar dolar maliyetle birer paralel pist yaparak 120 milyonun \u00fczerindeki y\u0131ll\u0131k yolcu talebini kar\u015f\u0131lars\u0131n\u0131z. Bu y\u00fczden yeni havaliman\u0131 yapmak gereksizdir, kaynak israf\u0131d\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerdeki en yo\u011fun alanlar bile 100 milyon kapasiteye ula\u015fmaz. Bu kapasitenin \u00fcst\u00fcne g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fc u\u00e7u\u015f koridorlar\u0131 da normal i\u015fletme saatleri i\u00e7erisinde zaten m\u00fcsait olamaz. Alan\u0131n hizmet etti\u011fi yolcu ve y\u00fck toplama havzas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ap\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan kapasite hesab\u0131n\u0131n bir fizibilitesi yoktur. \u0130stanbul\u2019un ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan b\u00fcy\u00fcme ihtiyac\u0131 da \u0130zmit\u2019e do\u011fru, kuzeye ta\u015fmadan planlan\u0131rsa Sabiha G\u00f6k\u00e7en de ciddi bir ula\u015f\u0131m talebini paralel pistle kar\u015f\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir havaliman\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 olabilir, \u015feklindedir. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015f- t\u0131rmalar\u0131n sonucunda bu havaliman\u0131n\u0131n yeri belirlenmi\u015f ve bu yer 1\/100.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli 2009 onayl\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u00c7evre D\u00fczeni Plan\u0131nda Silivri Gazipa\u015fa olarak yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Demek ki, ger\u00e7ekten \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in mevcut havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n kapasiteleri yetersiz kal\u0131yorsa ya birinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte \u00f6nerilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ya da ikinci g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte \u00f6nerilen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme gitmek gerekir. Halbuki bug\u00fcn tamamen tepeden inme bir kararla, mevcut havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n kapasiteleri irdelenmeden, planlama ilkelerine uyulmadan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir havaliman\u0131 in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130hale s\u00fcrecinde ve sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan pek \u00e7ok hukuksuzlu\u011fun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00f6ylesi bir proje i\u00e7in maliyeti belirleyecek ve belki de kabul edilemez maliyetlere varacak zemin iyile\u015ftirme ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na ihaleden sonra, in\u015faat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ihaleden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesi, ihale s\u00f6zle\u015f- mesindeki proje kotu olan 105 m\u2019nin 70 m\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek ihale teknik \u015fartnamesinin ihlal edilmesidir. (Bu kot d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ile ilgili maddi ve teknik sak\u0131ncalar bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilen Kuzey Ormanlar\u0131 Savunmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan raporda detaylar\u0131 ile yer almaktad\u0131r.) Yine bu havaliman\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir sorun olan ku\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131 ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmadan ve uzmanlar\u0131nca en az iki y\u0131l s\u00fcrmesi \u015fart\u0131 olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara in\u015faat s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015flan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan 3. havaliman\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan meteorolojik de\u011ferlendirmeler ve hava kalitesi modellerinde Kumk\u00f6y ve Florya meteoroloji istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n verileri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ana sondaj verileri olarak da G\u00f6ztepe Meteoroloji \u0130stasyonu verilerinden yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu meteoroloji istasyonlar\u0131 proje alan\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a uzak olup iklim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ve korunakl\u0131 alanlarda yer almaktad\u0131rlar. (\u00d6rne\u011fin Kumk\u00f6y proje alan\u0131na 25 km mesafede ve bir koy i\u00e7indedir. Florya ise proje alan\u0131na 70 km mesafededir.) Proje alan\u0131 do\u011frudan deniz \u00fczerinden gelen r\u00fczg\u00e2rlara a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu derece \u00f6nemli bir havaliman\u0131nda meteorolojik parametrelerin ger\u00e7e\u011fe uygun bir \u015fekilde belirlenmesinin \u00f6n ko\u015fulu, proje alan\u0131nda bir meteoroloji istasyonunun kurulup, en az 5 y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerden sonra projenin yap\u0131- l\u0131p yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesidir. Bu ko\u015ful havalimanlar\u0131n\u0131n yer se\u00e7iminde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken kriterlerden biridir. Proje i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan \u00c7ED raporuna g\u00f6re y\u0131l\u0131n 107 g\u00fcn\u00fc f\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 ve en az 65 g\u00fcn\u00fc yo\u011fun sisli ve bulutlu olan bu k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde u\u00e7aklar\u0131n piste ini\u015f ve kalk\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda fiziksel \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli sorunlar yaratabilecektir. Duyumlara g\u00f6re \u0130T\u00dc\u2019den bir ekip bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halbuki bu veriler yer se\u00e7imi kriterleri i\u00e7inde yer almak zorunlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. Burada kabul edilmeyecek durum bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n yer se\u00e7imi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131- d\u0131r ki, meteorolojik ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek bir teknoloji olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, sonu\u00e7 olumsuz \u00e7\u0131karsa ne yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer taraftan unutulmamas\u0131 gereken bir durum da 3. havaliman\u0131 diye an\u0131lan bu havaliman\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Ye\u015filk\u00f6y\u2019de bulunan Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kapat\u0131lacak olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fidir. Bu durum kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klanmam\u0131\u015f olsa da ihale \u015fartnamesinde mutlaka yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zira 3. Havaliman\u0131 i\u00e7in verilen yolcu garantisi bu durumu zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir sebepte yap\u0131lmakta olan havaliman\u0131n\u0131n Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 u\u00e7u\u015f koridoru \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani \u00f6yle bir yer se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir ki Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla neticede \u0130stanbul\u2019da iki havaliman\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Yap\u0131lmakta olan havaliman\u0131na Atat\u00fcrk ad\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi bug\u00fcne kadar g\u00fcndeme gelmedi\u011fine g\u00f6re, yap\u0131lmakta olan projeyle, Ye\u015filk\u00f6y\u2019de mevcut Havaliman\u0131n yeri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rant yaratma sevdas\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u00fclkenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu liderine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k olaca\u011f\u0131 da \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"mimarits_1\"
Suyu bo\u015falt\u0131lan ve doldurulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan maden oca\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ukurlar\u0131nda hafriyat kamyonlar\u0131. \u00c7evresindeki a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma alanlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ilerledi\u011finde bir katliama sahne olacak (Foto\u011fraf: Adnan Avc\u0131 Bucakli\u015fi).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

‘Mimarist’ i\u00e7in 3. havaliman\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fchendislikle ilgili detaylar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlarla ilgili g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerimi bildirmem istenmi\u015fti. Bu proje ile ilgili bilgilerim Kuzey Ormanlar\u0131 Savunmas\u0131 olarak \u201cYa\u015fam, Do\u011fa, \u00c7evre, \u0130nsan ve Hukuk Kar\u015f\u0131- s\u0131nda 3. Havaliman\u0131 Projesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z rapor i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucu elde etti\u011fimiz bilgi ve belgelerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Proje ile ilgili yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belli olmayan fizibilite \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, m\u00fchendislik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na, \u00f6rne\u011fin zemin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan zorluklar\u0131n nas\u0131l a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ya da a\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgilere ula\u015famad\u0131k. \u00d6rne\u011fin hangi kriterleri kullanarak s\u00f6z konusu yeri se\u00e7tikleri konusundaki merak\u0131mdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u201cbilgi edinme hakk\u0131\u201dndan yararlanarak bu konudaki ba\u015fvuruma Ula\u015ft\u0131rma, Denizcilik ve Haberle\u015fme Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gelen 19 Haziran 2014 tarihli cevap yaz\u0131s\u0131nda\u2026 \u201cproje yer se\u00e7imine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmelerin, ICAQ Annex- 4 kriterleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde meteorolojik, topo\u011frafik ve seyr\u00fcsefer ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Altyap\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u00f6z konusu kriterler dikkate al\u0131narak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan alternatifler aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ildi\u011fi\u2026\u201d belirtilmi\u015ftir. Halbuki projeye ait \u00c7ED Raporu\u2019nun 29. sayfas\u0131nda, \u201c\u2026 yer se\u00e7imi i\u00e7in alternatif bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yetersiz kalan Atat\u00fcrk Havaliman\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu alan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kamula\u015ft\u0131rma maliyetinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden hareket edilerek se\u00e7ildi\u011fi\u2026\u201d belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00e7eli\u015fki Ula\u015ft\u0131rma, Denizcilik ve Haberle\u015fme Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu projeye dair detaylarda kamuoyunu yan\u0131ltma \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu proje t\u00fcm\u00fc ile kamuoyunun dikkatinden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmakta, ancak sonu\u00e7ta projenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcnah ve vebali manevi olarak \u00f6ncelikle ya\u015fam kalitesini yok edilecek olan \u0130stanbullular taraf\u0131ndan, maddi olarak da 77 milyon taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denecek bir proje olma yolunda ilerlemektedir.<\/p>\n

\"mimarist_2\"
A\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma alanlar\u0131yla \u00e7evrili alanda tepeler kot d\u00fczenlemesine g\u00f6re ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor (Foto\u011fraf: Adnan Avc\u0131 Bucakli\u015fi).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Burada ilave etmek istedi\u011fim \u00f6nemli bir husus da bir projenin teknik ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00f6nceli\u011fin projenin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yerin b\u00f6yle bir proje i\u00e7in uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yani bu projenin do\u011faya, \u00e7evreye, bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan insanlara ve hizmet edece\u011fi kente olan etkilerinin detayl\u0131 irdelenmesi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu olumlu de\u011filse projenin yap\u0131- m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr bir yakla\u015f\u0131m s\u00f6z konusu edilebilse idi, \u0130stanbul\u2019da mimarl\u0131k \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc bile alm\u0131\u015f, kente de\u011fer de\u011fil sorun getirmi\u015f pek \u00e7ok projenin yap\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

3. havaliman\u0131 projesini b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131 ile ortaya koyan bir rapor Kuzey Ormanlar\u0131 Savunmas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ekleri ile 100 sayfay\u0131 a\u015fan rapordan baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli bilgileri aktarmak isterim:<\/p>\n

Projenin \u00c7ED Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re, projenin toplam alan\u0131 7650 hektar olup, bunun 6172,7 hektar\u0131 orman, 1180 hektar\u0131 madencilik ve di\u011fer kullan\u0131m, 660 hektar\u0131 g\u00f6l alan\u0131, 236 hektar\u0131 mera, 60 hektar\u0131 kuru tar\u0131m (nadass\u0131z), 2 hektar\u0131 fundal\u0131k alan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k %2,47\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet arazisidir. Yani proje i\u00e7in belirlenen alan\u0131n %81\u2019i orman alan\u0131, %9\u2019u g\u00f6l ve g\u00f6lettir. \u0130stanbul\u2019un ormanlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyadaki 200 \u00f6nemli ekolojik b\u00f6lgeden biri olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Avrupa i\u00e7in de acil korunmas\u0131 gereken 100 ormandan biridir. Kentin kuzeyinde yo\u011funla\u015fan ormanlar, kentin \u00f6nemli su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Projenin \u00c7ED raporuna g\u00f6re, tamamland\u0131- \u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck havalimanlar\u0131ndan biri olmas\u0131 hedeflenen ve 7650 hektarl\u0131k bir alan\u0131 kaplayacak olan 150 milyon yolcu kapasitesine sahip olaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilen \u0130stanbul 3. havaliman\u0131, TC Ula\u015ft\u0131rma, Denizcilik ve Haberle\u015fme Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Altyap\u0131 Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan 3 May\u0131s 2013 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ihale ile 25 y\u0131l i\u015fletme hakk\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 22 milyar 152 milyon Euro+KDV (toplam 26 milyar 142 milyon Euro) bedelle Cengiz-Kolin-LimakMapa-Kalyon ortak giri\u015fimine verilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te kamuoyu sadece ihale bedelini \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Ancak bug\u00fcne kadar projenin yap\u0131m a\u015famalar\u0131na, verilen garantilere ve tan\u0131nan s\u00fcrelerle ilgili bilgilere, yani ihale \u015fartlar\u0131 ile ilgili detaylara ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mega an\u0131lan bu projelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcnde proje detaylar\u0131 kamuoyundan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gizlilik i\u00e7inde saklanmakta ve bilgi istendi\u011finde de ger\u00e7ekler de\u011fil do\u011fru olmayan ba\u015ftan sa\u011fma yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek yolcu kapasiteli havaliman\u0131 olan Atlanta Havaliman\u0131, 95 milyon yolcu kapasitesiyle 1625 hektar \u00fczerine kuruludur. Buna g\u00f6re, 150 milyon yolcuya hizmet etmesi planlanan 3. havaliman\u0131na 3500 hektar yetmekteyken proje neden 7650 hektar olarak planland\u0131? Bah\u00e7e\u015fehir \u00dcniversitesi Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi (BETAM), \u201cMega Havaliman\u0131n\u0131n Kaderi B\u00fcy\u00fcmeye Ba\u011fl\u0131\u201d raporundaki b\u00fcy\u00fcme senaryosuna g\u00f6re, havaliman\u0131n\u0131n k\u00e2r etmesi olanaks\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir. Bu durum, 3. havaliman\u0131n\u0131n bir ula\u015f\u0131m projesi olmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, arazilerinin zaten in\u015faat \u015firketleri sahibi olan konsorsiyum \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan ranta y\u00f6nelik in\u015faat ve emlak etkinliklerine a\u00e7\u0131labilece\u011fini akla getirmektedir. Resmi \u00c7ED raporunda \u201cHavaliman\u0131 \u015eehir Kompleksi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda, i\u015f merkezinden kongre-k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerine ve spor komplekslerine \u00e7ok say\u0131da farkl\u0131 birimden s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Ula\u015f\u0131m projesi olarak pazarlanan 3. havaliman\u0131, asl\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un kuzeyinde in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in bir cazibe merkezi yaratma giri\u015fimi ve 3. k\u00f6pr\u00fc ve kanal ile birlikte bir pakettir. Bu projelerin her biri di\u011ferini beslemek \u00fczere planlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim emlak dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131 da, 3. havaliman\u0131n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede konumland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131n kanal \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7mesinin b\u00f6lgeyi cazibe merkezi haline getirdi\u011fini ifade etmektedirler. B\u00f6lgede toplu arazi al\u0131mlar\u0131 ve arac\u0131lar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla speku\u0308lasyon faaliyetleri \u015fimdiden t\u0131rmanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. %90\u2019\u0131 sulak alanlar ve ormanlarla kapl\u0131 bu \u00f6zel b\u00f6lge, havaliman\u0131 in\u015faat\u0131yla %90\u2019\u0131 beton olan bir alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2013 tarihli 1. \u00c7ED raporunda 2 milyon 513 bin 341 a\u011fac\u0131n 657 bin 950\u2019sinin kesilece- \u011fi, 1 milyon 855 bin 391 a\u011fac\u0131n ise ta\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyordu. Ancak ka\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131n kesilece\u011fi bilgisi, nedense 2. ve 3. \u00c7ED raporlar\u0131nda yer almamaktad\u0131r. 1. \u00c7ED raporunda \u201cproje alan\u0131nda 70 adet g\u00f6l, g\u00f6let ve g\u00f6lc\u00fck bulunmaktad\u0131r\u201d ifadesi yer al\u0131rken, 3. \u00c7ED raporunda bu g\u00f6ller \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc su birikintileri\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Oysa ayn\u0131 \u00c7ED raporlar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede bulunan Kulak\u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131 G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cekolojik de\u011feri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli\u201d ve \u201cbal\u0131k \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da olduk\u00e7a zengin\u201d olarak belirtmektedir. I\u0307stanbul\u2019un anayasas\u0131 say\u0131lan ve Haziran 2009\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren \u0130stanbul\u2019un 1\/100.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00c7evre D\u00fczeni Plan\u0131\u2019nda 3. havaliman\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmak istendi\u011fi b\u00f6lge; orman alan\u0131 ve su havzas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6lgedeki yap\u0131la\u015fma s\u00f6z konusu plan\u0131n ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu proje nedeni ile \u0130stanbul\u2019u bekleyen tehditler ve projenin yer se\u00e7iminin ard\u0131nda yatan rant aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6zlerden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da projeye ait \u00c7ED raporunda yer alan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fu tespitler bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya koymaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Proje alan\u0131, madencilik faaliyetleri ile bozulmu\u015f arazilerin do\u011faya yeniden kazand\u0131r\u0131lma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda do\u011fal yap\u0131s\u0131- n\u0131 yeniden kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Projenin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131n %72\u2019si orman, %8\u2019i g\u00f6l ve g\u00f6let, %6\u2019s\u0131 mera, fundal\u0131k, tar\u0131m arazisi ve %14\u2019\u00fc maden sahas\u0131d\u0131r. (\u00c7ED raporlar\u0131na g\u00f6re proje alan\u0131 toplam 7650 hektar olup, bunun 6172 hektar\u0131 ormanl\u0131k aland\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ormanlar t\u00fcm alan\u0131n %72\u2019si de\u011fil, %81\u2019idir.)<\/p>\n

\u2022 Hafriyat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile do\u011fal ekosistem yani orman alanlar\u0131, 70 t\u00fcr canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131ran g\u00f6l ve g\u00f6letler, akar va kuru dereler, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131, mera alanlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lacak\u2026 do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ve do\u011fal \u00f6zelli\u011fi ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r\u2026 g\u00f6l, g\u00f6lc\u00fck, ve g\u00f6letler sulak alan vasf\u0131n\u0131 yitirecek ve i\u00e7erisindeki canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 yok olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2022 \u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u00e7me suyu ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131layan Terkos G\u00f6l\u00fc, Alibeyk\u00f6y ve Pirin\u00e7\u00e7i barajlar\u0131nda su toplama miktarlar\u0131nda azalma ve y\u00fczeysel ak\u0131\u015flarla kirlilik y\u00fcklerinde artma beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Projeden kaynaklanacak ara\u00e7 trafi\u011finin b\u00f6lgedeki ana arterlerde yakla\u015f\u0131k %120 oran\u0131nda artmas\u0131 ondan dolay\u0131 alan\u0131n mevcut kirlilik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn artmas\u0131, ormanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n tahrip edilmesi ve b\u00f6lgedeki barajlara su temin eden akarsular\u0131n debisinin azalmas\u0131 sebebi ile barajlardaki su seviyelerinde azalma beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Kirlili\u011fin akarsularla barajlara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

\u2022 B\u00f6lge, bir\u00e7ok ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015famsal faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir alan ve ku\u015f g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131ndan birinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi rota \u00fczerinde bulunmaktad\u0131r\u2026 b\u00f6lgeye havaliman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, sulak alan ve ormanlara zarar verilmesi bu ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 tehdit edecektir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Projenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi durumunda alanda floristik a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir habitat ve biyomas kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki tespitler bire bir projenin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7ED raporundan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada akl\u0131n almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 husus bu tespitleri yapan bir \u00c7ED raporunun olumlu kabul edilerek in\u015faat iznin verilmesidir. Ger\u00e7e\u011fi s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse \u00c7ED raporlar\u0131 prosed\u00fcr\u00fc tamamlamak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan belgelerden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7memekte, ancak dava s\u00f6z konusu olursa raporlar\u0131n bile saklayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekler ortaya d\u00f6k\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ger\u00e7ekler ortada iken TMMOB\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Mimarlar Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckkent \u015eubesi, \u015eehir Planc\u0131lar\u0131 Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi ve \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisleri \u0130stanbul \u015eubesi, 3. k\u00f6pr\u00fc ve \u00e7evre yollar\u0131 ile birlikte d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kent ve do\u011fa katliamlar\u0131ndan biri olarak de\u011ferlendirdikleri 3. havaliman\u0131na ait 1\/100.000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00c7evre D\u00fczeni Plan De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, 1\/5000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Naz\u0131m \u0130mar Plan\u0131 ve 1\/1000 \u00f6l\u00e7ekli Uygulama \u0130mar Planlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle y\u00fcr\u00fctmelerinin durdurulmas\u0131 ve iptali istemiyle 12 Eyl\u00fcl 2014 tarihinde yarg\u0131ya ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130stanbul \u00c7evre D\u00fczeni Plan\u0131na, evrensel \u015fehircilik plan ve ilkelerine ve de kamu yarar\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilen planlar\u0131n \u00f6ncelikle y\u00fcr\u00fctmesinin durdurulmas\u0131 ve devam\u0131nda iptali istenmektedir. Bu proje ile ilgili devam etmekte olan davalara kar\u015f\u0131n ortada hi\u00e7bir sorun yokmu\u015f\u00e7as\u0131- na in\u015faat b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Son s\u00f6z olarak \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir: \u201cMega proje\u201d olarak an\u0131lan 3. k\u00f6pr\u00fc ve 3. havaliman\u0131 gibi projelerle \u0130stanbul\u2019un su havzalar\u0131, ormanlar\u0131, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 ve meralar\u0131 talan edilecek, yaban\u0131l\u0131, floras\u0131, endemik bitkileri, b\u00f6rt\u00fc b\u00f6ce\u011fi ve ku\u015flar\u0131 yok edilerek kent halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011f- l\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 gasp edilecektir. Bu nedenle bu projeleri \u0130stanbul\u2019un katili olarak adland\u0131rmak do\u011fru bir tespit olacakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer yandan bu projeler kesinlikle ula\u015f\u0131m projeleri olmay\u0131p, burada ama\u00e7 iktidara, iktidara destek veren d\u0131\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131lara ve iktidar yanda\u015flar\u0131na rant yaratmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynak<\/strong>: \u201cKuzey Ormanlar\u0131 Savunmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3. Havaliman\u0131 Raporu\u201d Mimarist okuyucular\u0131 benim de i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m Kuzey Ormanlar\u0131 Savunmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 3. Havaliman\u0131 Projesi\u2019ni b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131 ile inceledi\u011fi rapora www.kuzeyormanlari.org\/2015\/03\/27\/yasam-doga-cevre-insan-vehukuk-karsisinda-3-havalimani-projesi adresinden, yine mega projelerle ilgili kamuoyunu bilgilendirici dok\u00fcmana da https:\/\/line.do\/tr\/mega-katil-projeleri-nedendurdurmaliyiz\/orw\/horizontal adresinden ula\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n

***<\/strong><\/p>\n

If Construction of the Third Airport Project is Completed, Istanbul Will Lose<\/p>\n

For those people who only struggle with their daily routines and do not take into consideration how the country is governed by the ones in power, the answer to the question why the third airport is constructed, may be that; \u201cthey are doing it because the two existing airports cannot meet the demand\u201d. However, that is not the case, which is evident in the specific location of the third airport. So called mega projects such as the third bridge or the third airport are actually destroying the future of Istanbul. These projects are built in the northern part of Istanbul, in the heart of the Northern Forests, which is an ecosystem with hundreds of millions of trees, hundreds of plant and wild animal species, dozens of water basins; bringing rain, fertility, oxygen to breathe and life. It is stated that \u201cThe first and foremost requirement of Istanbul\u2019s future protection is keeping the north forests and water basins alive. Therefore, the growth of the city to the north must absolutely be prevented\u201d in the 1\/100,000 scale Istanbul Environmental Plan, deemed as a constitution for Istanbul\u2019s development, adopted at Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Assembly in June 2009. However, northern forests, thus Istanbul\u2019s lungs and water resources are being destroyed with the construction of the third airport and the third bridge; and in addition to these, satellite cities and new highways are also planned to be constructed in the region. With the so called mega projects like the third airport and the third bridge, Istanbul\u2019s water basins, forests, agricultural fields and pastures will be plundered, its flora, endemic plants, birds will be destroyed and peoples\u2019 right to live in a healthy environment will be taken away from them. Thus, it would be right to identify these projects as \u201cslaughterers\u201d of Istanbul\u2019s environment. On the other hand, these projects are definitely not transportation projects; their only purpose is to provide financial benefits to the people in power and to those who support them.<\/p>\n

Zerrin Bayrakdar<\/strong> \u2013 Prof. Dr., YT\u00dc \u0130n\u015faat Fak. E. \u00d6\u011f. \u00dcyesi \/ Mimarist (TMMOB Mimarlar Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fckkent \u015eubesi S\u00fcreli Yay\u0131n\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl 2015 \u2022 Y\u0131l: 15 \u2022 Say\u0131: 54<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"3. havaliman\u0131 ni\u00e7in yap\u0131l\u0131yor sorusunun yan\u0131t\u0131, iktidar\u0131n \u00fclkeyi y\u00f6netim \u015fekli ile ilgilenmeyen…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[1834],"class_list":{"0":"post-19401","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-3-havalimani"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19401"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19401\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}