Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik olarak bilinen \u00d6zel \u0130stidam B\u00fcrolar\u0131 (\u00d6\u0130B) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kurulmas\u0131na olanak veren yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131nda TBMM Genel Kurulunda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi bekleniyor. Y\u0131llard\u0131r g\u00fcndemde olan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalar yaratan kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik e\u011fer yasala\u015f\u0131rsa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda ciddi sorunlar yaratacak ve g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131racak. Tasar\u0131n\u0131n son haline ve komisyon raporuna buradan ula\u015f\u0131labilir. Bu yaz\u0131da kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleri ile ele alaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n
1) Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik nedir ve mevcut i\u015f ili\u015fkisinden fark\u0131 nedir?<\/strong> Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik esnek istihdam bi\u00e7imlerinin en g\u00fcvencesiz ve belirsiz. Bildi\u011fimiz, mevcut i\u015f ili\u015fkisi bir taraf\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7inin di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda i\u015fverenin oldu\u011fu iki tarafl\u0131 bir ili\u015fkidir. Bu ili\u015fki i\u015f\u00e7inin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, i\u015fverenin ise \u00fccret \u00f6demeyi ve i\u015f\u00e7i g\u00f6zetmeyi kabul etti\u011fi bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, i\u015fverenin ise i\u015fi ve i\u015f\u00e7iyi sevk ve idare yetkisi vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fyeri i\u015fin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerdir. Bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme belirsiz s\u00fcreli (ucu a\u00e7\u0131k) olabilece\u011fi gibi belirli s\u00fcreli (ge\u00e7ici) de olabilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na olan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi belirsiz s\u00fcreli (ucu a\u00e7\u0131k) i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir. \u0130\u015f hukukunda belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler (ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7ilik) istisnaidir.<\/p>\n Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik de ge\u00e7ici bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma t\u00fcr\u00fc olmakla birlikte belirli s\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden esasl\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik bildi\u011fimiz i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sonudur. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi iki de\u011fil \u00fc\u00e7 tarafl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ili\u015fkiye \u00fc\u00e7gen i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de denmektedir. \u00d6\u0130B ile i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011flama s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken, i\u015f\u00e7i ile \u00d6\u0130B aras\u0131nda i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kurulmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6\u0130B yasal olarak i\u015fveren stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmakla birlikte i\u015f\u00e7iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran bir ba\u015fka i\u015fverendir. \u00d6\u0130B i\u015f\u00e7iyi bir ba\u015fka i\u015fverene kiralamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6\u0130B i\u015f\u00e7i ile bir t\u00fcr kira s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i bir ba\u015fka i\u015fveren i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta ancak ve \u00fccret ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131ndan yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fveren de\u011fil \u00d6\u0130B sorumlu olmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6\u0130B i\u015fverene i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bundan kazan\u00e7, komisyon elde etmektedir. B\u00f6ylece i\u015f\u00e7iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fverene kiralayan \u00d6\u0130B i\u015fveren haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, i\u015f\u00e7iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fveren i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taraf\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 2) \u201cG\u00fcvenceli esneklik\u201d m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/strong> G\u00fcvence ve esneklik de biri birine z\u0131t ve \u00e7eli\u015fik iki kavram. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda esnekli\u011fin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde g\u00fcvence azal\u0131yor veya tersi oluyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda g\u00fcvence i\u015fverenin sevk idare yetkisinin ve keyfili\u011finin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ayn\u0131 anda hem esneklik hem de g\u00fcvence artmaz. Biri art\u0131yorsa di\u011feri azal\u0131yordur.<\/p>\n \u201cG\u00fcvenceli esneklik\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn hali flexicurity. Flexibility (esneklik) ve security (g\u00fcvence-g\u00fcvenlik) kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan melez bir kavram. Danimarka ve Hollanda\u2019da 1990\u2019larda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan flexicurity kavram\u0131. Avrupa Birli\u011fi istihdam politikas\u0131n\u0131n da kilit kavramlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. \u00d6ncelikle kavram\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisinde bir sorun g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye pozitif ve propagandif bir \u015fekilde g\u00fcvenceli esneklik olarak \u00e7evrilen kavram\u0131n do\u011fru kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cesnek g\u00fcvence\u201d olabilir. Ancak \u201cg\u00fcvenceli esneklik\u201d daha olumlu bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015f\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in tercih ediliyor.<\/p>\n Esnek g\u00fcvencenin AB istihdam politikalar\u0131nda g\u00fcvence ve esneklik aras\u0131nda yeni bir denge olu\u015fturmay\u0131 hedefledi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Avrupa Komisyonu\u2019nun esnek g\u00fcvence yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 esnek i\u015f d\u00fczenlemeleri ile \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015fler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015fkenli\u011fi g\u00fcvence almak aras\u0131nda bir denge kurma iddias\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Flexicurity yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi kavram\u0131 yerine \u201cistihdam g\u00fcvencesi\u201d kavram\u0131 konuluyor. B\u00f6ylece i\u015fin g\u00fcvencesi yerine bireyin ki\u015fisel \u00f6zellikleriyle istihdam edilebilmesi, i\u015ften at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni i\u015fler bulabilmesi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 benimsiyor. \u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karmalar kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu yolla daha \u00e7ok ve daha iyi i\u015fler yarat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 iddia ediliyor. Ancak uygulamada g\u00fcvencelerin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve esnekli\u011fin-g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir model olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n 3) Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe neden ihtiya\u00e7 duyuluyor?<\/strong> B\u00f6ylece h\u0131zla ikame edilebilen \u00e7evresel bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc olu\u015fturuluyor. Bu kiral\u0131k i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc son derece h\u0131zl\u0131 bir say\u0131sal esneklik olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131yor. \u0130\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 art\u0131yor ve maliyeti d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i emsallerine g\u00f6re daha ucuza \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi \u00e7ok daha zor oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sendikal haklardan, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden yaralanmas\u0131 ve greve gitmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. \u0130\u015fverenler i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak yerine adeta leasing yoluyla makine kiralar gibi i\u015f\u00e7i kiralamakta, i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin b\u00fct\u00fcn hukuksal prosed\u00fcr ve y\u00fcklerinden kurtulmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve i\u015f\u00e7i sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 onlar ad\u0131na bir ba\u015fka \u015firket \u00fcstlenmekte ve adeta kendilerine s\u0131f\u0131r sorunlu bir insan kaynaklar\u0131 hizmeti vermektedir. B\u00f6ylece say\u0131sal esneklikte m\u00fcthi\u015f bir art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel \u0130stihdam B\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n temel i\u015flevi, \u201c\u00e7evresel\u201d yani kolay ikame edilebilir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc temin sa\u011flamak. B\u00f6ylece i\u015f hukukunun i\u015f\u00e7iyi koruma ilkesi zay\u0131flat\u0131l\u0131yor bunun yerine i\u015fi ve i\u015fletmeyi koruma esas\u0131 al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n 4) D\u00fcnya\u2019da kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131 nas\u0131l?<\/strong> Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 52\u2019si \u00fc\u00e7 aydan k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden kiral\u0131k ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7iler permanantly temporary (daimi ge\u00e7ici) olarak da an\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan \u201c\u00d6zel \u0130stihdam B\u00fcrolar\u0131 Arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130le Ge\u00e7ici \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi\u201d \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Meclisi Haz\u0131rl\u0131k Toplant\u0131s\u0131 Raporu (2013) kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a dezavantajl\u0131 ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Rapor, pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede, mevzuatta \u201ce\u015fit muamele\u201d ilkesi benimsenmi\u015f olsa da b\u00fcro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapan emsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman daha k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015fartlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Rapor, kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015f g\u00fcvencelerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve krizden en olumsuz etkilenen grubun bu i\u015f\u00e7iler oldu\u011funu vurguluyor. Fransa, \u0130spanya, Hollanda ve Almanya\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uzun s\u00fcreli ge\u00e7ici s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerle i\u015fe al\u0131nmas\u0131 sayesinde bu \u00fclkelerde i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131karma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u00f6denmesi gereken tazminatlardan i\u015fverenlerin kurtuldu\u011fu, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine d\u00f6n\u00fck yasalar\u0131 atlatt\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir<\/p>\n Rapor, pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede \u201ce\u015fit \u00fccret\u201d ilkesi benimsenmi\u015f olsa da, uygulamada emsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kiral\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha az \u00fccret ald\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgiler oldu\u011funu vurguluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Almanya\u2019da, b\u00fcro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fccretin emsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fczde 30 az oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131kta, \u00fccret farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kiral\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u00ad\u015fanlar ile ilgili getirilen en \u00f6nemli ele\u015ftiridir. Kanada\u2019da yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da, b\u00fcro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n emsal \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 40 daha az \u00fccret ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki sendi\u00adkala\u015fma olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Fransa\u2019da b\u00fcro \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda sendikala\u015fma oran\u0131 sadece y\u00fczde 0,9; \u0130talya\u2019da y\u00fczde 1,4-1,7; Hollanda\u2019da y\u00fczde 7 ve L\u00fcksemburg\u2019da y\u00fczde 5\u2019tir.<\/p>\n 5) Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik konusunda ILO ve AB standartlar\u0131 neler?<\/strong> Ancak bu yasak 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda gev\u015fetildi. ILO 1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda kat\u0131 bir denetim alt\u0131nda \u00fccretli istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi kabul etti. 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen 181 say\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisine arac\u0131l\u0131k etmesi konusunda kurallar belirlendi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin hen\u00fcz onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile ILO \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin hangi ko\u015fullarda kurulabilece\u011fini belirledi.<\/p>\n 181 say\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme, \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7ilerin toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczeni i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmelerini, sendikal haklara sahip olabilmelerini, ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa maruz kalmamalar\u0131n\u0131, devletin uygulaman\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyici tedbirler almas\u0131n\u0131 ve is\u0327c\u0327i ve i\u015fveren \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin bu sistemin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve denetiminde yer almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor. 2008\/104 say\u0131l\u0131 AB y\u00f6nergesi de \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ile ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi konusunda bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve olu\u015fturuyor. Bu y\u00f6nergenin en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6n\u00fc bu \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00f6nelik e\u015fit i\u015flem zorunlulu\u011fu ve ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131. AB y\u00f6nergesine g\u00f6re ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7ilerin temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, ayn\u0131 i\u015f i\u00e7in i\u015fveren firmaya ba\u015fvurup i\u015fe al\u0131nan kadrolu i\u015f\u00e7iler ile ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131. Ancak uygulamada bu normlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi ve ge\u00e7ici-kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yeterince korunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Bir di\u011fer ifadeyle ILO ve AB mevzuat\u0131nda yer alan s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n 6) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 ve kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik?<\/strong> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kiralama konusu uzun zamand\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcndeminde 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu y\u00f6nde haz\u0131rlanan ve \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015f\u00e7i konfederasyonunun kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kanun d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 G\u00fcl taraf\u0131ndan \u201ci\u015f\u00e7inin eme\u011finin istismar\u0131, insan onuruna yak\u0131\u015fmayan durumlar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir\u201d gerek\u00e7esiyle veto edildi. Ancak konu hem sermaye \u00f6rg\u00fctleri hem de h\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde tutuldu ve nihayet asgari \u00fccretin 1300 TL yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan i\u015fverenlerin bu y\u00f6ndeki taleplerine uygun olarak tekrar g\u00fcndeme getirildi.<\/p>\n 7) Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fe gerek var m\u0131?<\/strong> Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn iken yeni bir esnek-g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imine neden gerek duyuluyor? \u0130\u015flevleri ayn\u0131 olsa da belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik aras\u0131nda temel bir fark var. Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f\u00e7i onu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fveren ile i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yaparken, kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i ile onu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fverenin bir i\u015f ili\u015fkisi yok. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iyi kiralayan i\u015fverenin i\u015fe alma, i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kartma, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi yapma, sendika, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, tazminat vb. konularla hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fkisi kalm\u0131yor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u201cnetameli\u201d i\u015fler \u00d6\u0130B taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015fverenler i\u00e7in m\u00fcthi\u015f bir say\u0131sal esneklik ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kolay ikame edilmesi s\u00f6z konusu oluyor. \u00d6rg\u00fcts\u00fcz ve kolay ikame edilebilir yeni bir \u00e7evresel i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc katman\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fverenler i\u015f\u00e7i sorunlar\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131yla u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n 8) Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik i\u015fsizli\u011fi azalt\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong> uygulamaya ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00fclkelerde ilk 5 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 2 azaltt\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de yasala\u015fmas\u0131yla milyonlarca ki\u015fiyi i\u015fsizlikten kurtaracak!<\/p>\n Bu iddian\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 savunucular\u0131ndan biri ise Maliye Bakan\u0131 Mehmet \u015eim\u015fek 15 \u015eubat 2016\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada esnekli\u011fi i\u015fsizli\u011fin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olarak sundu. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye reform yapmadan i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 10\u2019un alt\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak zor \u00e7eker. Reformla i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ok esnek hale getirmemiz. Bug\u00fcn Amerika\u2019da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 son derece esnektir ve i\u015fsizlik \u015fu anda y\u00fczde 5\u2019in alt\u0131na do\u011fru gidiyor. Avrupa\u2019da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 esnek de\u011fildir ve i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10\u2019nun \u00fczerinde seyrediyor. Bu kadar a\u00e7\u0131k ve net bizim i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131 daha esnek k\u0131lacak reformlar yapmam\u0131z laz\u0131m.\u201d San\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z esneklik i\u015fsizli\u011fi \u00e7\u00f6zen mucize bir ila\u00e7.<\/p>\n Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcvencesini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ek. Peki kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir etkisi olmu\u015f mu? Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik ger\u00e7ekten istihdam art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor mu? Yoksa mevcut g\u00fcvenceli istihdam\u0131 m\u0131 kemiriyor? Son 10 y\u0131l\u0131n i\u015fsizlik verilerine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda buna dair bir i\u015faret s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda AB 28 \u00fclkelerinde y\u00fczde 9.3 olan i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda 10.2\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015f. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik ve esnekli\u011fin daha yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu ABD ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ise ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde i\u015fsizlik oranlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 5.5 seviyesinden 6.2\u2019ye, y\u00fczde 4.7\u2019den 6.2\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015f. Veriler ortada esnek istihdam\u0131n ve kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin i\u015fsizli\u011fi azaltmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok net bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin kriz d\u00f6neminde de bir yarar\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik i\u015fsizli\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fcyorsa ne i\u015fe yar\u0131yor? Esnek ve kiral\u0131k istihdamla sa\u011flanan art\u0131\u015f d\u00fczenli-g\u00fcvenceli istihdam\u0131n kemirilmesinden olu\u015fuyor. Esnek ve kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik istihdam\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131yor, yeni i\u015f yaratm\u0131yor ancak i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n kompozisyonunu de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor. Di\u011fer bir ifadeyle eme\u011fin sermayeye olan maliyeti ucuzluyor, i\u015fler g\u00fcvencesiz hale geliyor ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma e\u011fretile\u015fiyor. Sonu\u00e7ta sermayenin i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin ya\u015fam kalitesi, \u00fccreti ve i\u015f kalitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik masallar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc budur.<\/p>\n 9) Tasar\u0131 neler getiriyor?<\/strong> Tasar\u0131 ile i\u015f\u00e7i kiralama uygulamas\u0131 \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131n\u0131yor. Hamilelik, askerlik, y\u0131ll\u0131k izin ve hastal\u0131k hallerinde i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ask\u0131ya al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda bu hallerin devam\u0131 s\u00fcresince, mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015flerinde ve ev hizmetlerinde ise s\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131labilecek. Ancak uygulama bunlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. \u0130\u015fletmenin i\u015f hacminin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmas\u0131 nedeniyle, d\u00f6nemsel i\u015f art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclebilecek i\u015flerde de kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek. Bu hallerde yap\u0131lacak kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i uygulamas\u0131 ise d\u00f6rt ay\u0131 ge\u00e7meyecek ancak iki kez yenilenebilecek. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sekiz ay s\u00fcreyle kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131labilecek. Tasar\u0131ya g\u00f6re ayn\u0131 i\u015f i\u00e7in alt\u0131 ay ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e uygulama tekrarlanmayacak. Ancak bu ifade olduk\u00e7a mu\u011flak ve ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde farkl\u0131 bir i\u015f i\u00e7in uygulaman\u0131n s\u00fcrekli hale gelmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. Kiral\u0131k olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 toplam i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birini ge\u00e7emeyecek. Ancak on veya daha az i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015fyerleri i\u00e7in be\u015f i\u015f\u00e7iye kadar kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek. Bir di\u011fer ifadeyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fyerleri adeta bir kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i cenneti haline gelecek.<\/p>\n 10) Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin yarataca\u011f\u0131 sak\u0131ncalar neler?<\/strong> Kiral\u0131k olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sosyal g\u00fcvenlik haklar\u0131nda da ciddi sorunlar ya\u015fanacak. Sadece \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcreler i\u00e7in prim \u00f6denece\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7inin emekli olmas\u0131 neredeyse imkans\u0131z veya \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck prim g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 ile sefalet \u00fccreti d\u00fczeyinde emekli ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alabilecekler. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrelerde kendilerinin ve bakmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduklar\u0131 ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinden yaralanmalar\u0131nda da ciddi sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak.<\/p>\n Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir di\u011fer sorun ise i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131ndan yararlanamamak olacak. D\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015fsizlik sigortas\u0131ndan yararlanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirmekte zorlanacak olan kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015fsiz kald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrelerde ciddi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7ekecekler. Bir ba\u015fka sorun ise k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131d\u0131r. Bu konuda tasar\u0131da hi\u00e7bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k yok. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f ili\u015fkisi belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f ili\u015fkisine benzedi\u011fi i\u00e7in k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131ndan yararlanmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ileri bekleyen en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlike ise sendika, toplu pazarl\u0131k ve grev haklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 olacak. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde sendika hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphesiz fakat bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n neredeyse imkans\u0131z. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin hangi i\u015fkolunda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenece\u011fi belirsiz. \u00d6\u0130B\u2019nin tabi oldu\u011fu i\u015fkolu mu, fiilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fkolu mu? \u00d6\u0130B\u2019nin tabi oldu\u011fu i\u015fkolu ise sendikalar burada nas\u0131l \u00f6rg\u00fctlenecek? \u0130\u015fyeri ve i\u015fletme yetkisinde hangi i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 esas al\u0131nacak? Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kiminle imzalanacak? Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin s\u00fcresi bir y\u0131ldan az olamayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00f6rt ay s\u00fcreyle kiralanacak i\u015f\u00e7i nas\u0131l toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden yararlanacak? Grev hakk\u0131 nas\u0131l kullan\u0131lacak? Bu sorulara onlarca soru eklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Mevcut i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sendikala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun oldu\u011fu \u00fclkemizde kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilerin sendikala\u015fmas\u0131 ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden yaralanmas\u0131 hayal.<\/p>\n Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik ta\u015ferondan daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir uygulama. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc as\u0131l i\u015fverenin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yok. Alt i\u015fveren (ta\u015feron) ili\u015fkisinde as\u0131l i\u015fveren, alt i\u015fverenin is\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 o i\u015fyeri ile ilgili olarak kanundan, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden veya alt i\u015fverenin taraf oldu\u011fu toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden alt i\u015fveren ile birlikte sorumlu iken kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilikte b\u00f6yle bir sorumluluk yok. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda en alttakiler demek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik olarak bilinen \u00d6zel \u0130stidam B\u00fcrolar\u0131 (\u00d6\u0130B) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[2984],"class_list":{"0":"post-20635","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-kiralik-isci"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20635"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20635\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\u00d6zel \u0130stihdam B\u00fcrolar\u0131 (\u00d6\u0130B) i\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i bulma hizmetinin kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir faaliyet haline gelmesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6\u0130B\u2019ler i\u015f bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131ktan ve i\u015f\u00e7i kiralama faaliyetinden kazan\u00e7 elde eden kurulu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6\u0130B\u2019ler \u00f6nceleri i\u015f bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131k ederken, i\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i arayanlar\u0131 bulu\u015ftururken, zamanda i\u015f\u00e7i kiralayan kurulu\u015flar haline geldiler. Bug\u00fcn \u00d6\u0130B\u2019ler iki temel alanda faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Birincisi i\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131k di\u011feri ise ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kurmak (i\u015f\u00e7i kiralamak).<\/p>\n
\nKiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilikle ilgili meclise sunulan yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde uzun uzun \u201cg\u00fcvenceli\u201d esneklikten dem vuruluyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131n\u0131 daha da g\u00fcvencesiz hale getirecek \u201ckiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik\u201d uygulamas\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenceli esneklik harikas\u0131 olarak sunuluyor. G\u00fcvenceli esneklik kavram\u0131 tipik bir oksimoron \u00f6rne\u011fi. Birbiriyle ilgisiz, hatta z\u0131t kavramlar\u0131n birlikte kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na oksimoron deniyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0131slatmayan su, yakmayan ate\u015f, k\u00f6\u015feli daire, demokrat diktat\u00f6r gibi\u2026<\/p>\n
\nKiral\u0131k en g\u00fcvencesiz ve esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imi olarak biliniyor. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7iminde i\u015fverenin i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan t\u00fcm sorumluluklar\u0131 \u00d6\u0130B taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcstleniliyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i t\u0131pk\u0131 leasing ile kiralanan bir makine gibi kiralanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik i\u015f\u00e7i sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015fsalla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc tarafa y\u00fcklemeyi hedefleyen yeni y\u00f6netim stratejilerinin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc. G\u00fcney Afrikal\u0131 Bir Ula\u015f\u0131m \u015eirketi Y\u00f6neticisi bu durumu \u201cinsanlar\u0131 istihdam etmek bizim i\u015fimiz de\u011fil\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece istihdam konular\u0131 \u015firketin i\u015finden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Yeni y\u00f6netim stratejinde bu durum i\u00e7in \u201cine\u011fi sat\u0131n almak niye? senin olmadan da ipleri elinde tutabilirsin\u201d ifadesi kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\nKiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik \u0130ngilizce\u2019de temporary agency work veya agency work (b\u00fcro arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7ilik) olarak ifade ediliyor. G\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerinin en yenisi olarak bilinen kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik son 20 y\u0131l boyunca artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerinin g\u00fcvensizle\u015ftirilmesine paralel olarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerinde rastlan\u0131yor. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 40.2 milyon i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i olarak istihdam edildi. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131na Kuzey Amerika ve Asya Pasifik b\u00f6lgesi ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. ABD\u2019de 11 milyon, \u00c7in\u2019de 10.8 milyon ve Avrupa\u2019da 8.7 milyon ki\u015fi kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i olarak istihdam edildi. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n halen toplam istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor. Ancak kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 endi\u015fe verici. 1996 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyada kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin toplam istihdama oran\u0131 0.5\u2019in alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise d\u00fcnya istihdam\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 1.6\u2019s\u0131 kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilikten olu\u015fuyor. Bu oran ABD\u2019de y\u00fczde 2.1, Avrupa\u2019da ise 1.7. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 9.6 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bunun anlam\u0131 kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda artmaya devam edece\u011fidir. Kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ciddi bir tekelle\u015fme var. D\u00fcnya\u2019da 260 bine yak\u0131n \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosu olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n piyasan\u0131n y\u00fczde 45\u2019i aralar\u0131nda Adecco, Randstad ve Manpower\u2019\u0131n oldu\u011fu 10 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketin elinde.<\/p>\n
\n20.Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6zel i\u015f bulma b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklan\u0131rken ve bu konuda kamu tekeli getirilirken, y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru neoliberalizmin artan etkisiyle \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131k etmesinin ve i\u015f\u00e7i kiralamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 1919\u2019da kurulan Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (ILO) ayn\u0131 y\u0131l kabul etti\u011fi 2 say\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile resmi ve paras\u0131z i\u015f bulma hizmetinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na ald\u0131. B\u00f6ylece i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zel i\u015f bulma b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n elinde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ma\u011fduriyetlerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmek istendi. ILO\u2019nun 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul etti\u011fi 34 say\u0131l\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile \u00fccretli i\u015f bulma b\u00fcrolar\u0131n\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015f bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131kta kamu tekeli getirmesi kabul edildi.<\/p>\n
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de \u00d6\u0130B\u2019lerin i\u015f bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131k etmesine ili\u015fkin yasak 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 4904 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu yasas\u0131 ile yasal zemini haz\u0131rland\u0131. Halen T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 438 \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosu faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. Bu b\u00fcrolar\u0131n sadece i\u015f bulmaya arac\u0131l\u0131k etmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6\u0130B\u2019lerin i\u015f\u00e7i kiralamas\u0131 yasak olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen uygulamada pek \u00e7ok \u00d6\u0130B yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde i\u015f\u00e7i kiralama uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\nTasar\u0131da kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik gerek\u00e7elendirilirken i\u015fletmelerin \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan d\u00f6nemsel ve belli olgulara ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Peki bunun i\u00e7in yeni bir esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imine ihtiya\u00e7 var m\u0131? \u0130\u015f yasas\u0131n\u0131n 11 ve 12. maddeleri belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini (ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7ilik) zaten d\u00fczenlemektedir. Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015flerde veya belli bir is\u0327in tamamlanmas\u0131 veya belirli bir olgunun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gibi objektif ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak i\u015fverenler ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilmektedir. \u00d6zellikle y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fccretli izin ve hastal\u0131k hallerinde, yeni bir sipari\u015f al\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda, i\u015f hacminin aniden artmas\u0131 hallerinde i\u015fverenler (belirli s\u00fcreli) ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabiliyor. \u0130\u015f yasas\u0131 bu konuda yeterince esnek!<\/p>\n
\nEsnek ve kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fin milyonlarca i\u015f yarataca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yayg\u0131n bir propaganda var. H\u00fcrriyet\u2019te yer alan bir habere g\u00f6re, Amerika ve Avrupa\u2019da yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lan ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin<\/p>\n
\nTasar\u0131ya g\u00f6re kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i uygulamas\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u015fleyecek? \u0130\u015f arayan i\u015f\u00e7iler ve i\u015f\u00e7i arayan i\u015fverenler \u00d6\u0130B\u2019lere ba\u015fvuracak. \u00d6\u0130B i\u015fveren ile i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011flama (kiralama), ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7i ile de i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi imzalayacak. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racak olan i\u015fveren i\u015f\u00e7i kiralama s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00d6\u0130B\u2019ye bir bedel \u00f6deyecek. \u00d6\u0130B bu bedelden i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fccretini \u00f6deyecek ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ise komisyon olarak alacak. Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fveren i\u015f hukuku ba\u011flam\u0131nda i\u015fveren olmayacak ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7iye talimat verebilecek. \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fccreti ve sosyal haklar\u0131 ile vergi, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve benzeri di\u011fer \u00f6demeleri \u00d6\u0130B taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denecek. \u00d6\u0130B\u2019nin i\u015fveren olarak y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7inin kiral\u0131k olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcreyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olacak.<\/p>\n
\nKiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik uygulamas\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda yeni bir g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc katman\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak ve ciddi sorunlara yol a\u00e7acak. Bu sorunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi i\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmemesi olacak. Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran i\u015fverenin \u00fccret \u00f6deme borcu olmayacak. Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00fccretini \u00d6\u0130B \u00f6deyecek. Mevcut i\u015f ili\u015fkisinde dahi ciddi i\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131 sorunu ya\u015fan\u0131rken, \u00d6\u0130B arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00fccret \u00f6denmesinin yeni ma\u011fduriyetler yaratmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz. Tasar\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i kiralayacak \u00d6\u0130B\u2019lerin iki y\u00fcz asgari \u00fccret tutar\u0131nda teminat yat\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. B\u00fcrosu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkaca bir mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu olmayan \u00d6\u0130B\u2019ler i\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demezse ne olacak? \u0130ki y\u00fcz asgari \u00fccret tutar\u0131nda teminat neye yetecek? \u00d6\u0130B\u2019nin iflas etmesi, faaliyetine son vermesi vb. durumlar\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131 ne olacak?<\/p>\n