{"id":20809,"date":"2016-05-05T15:16:37","date_gmt":"2016-05-05T12:16:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=20809"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:53:24","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:53:24","slug":"ulasim-raydan-cikarsa-mehmet-baran-akat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/ulasim-raydan-cikarsa-mehmet-baran-akat\/","title":{"rendered":"Ula\u015f\u0131m raydan \u00e7\u0131karsa \u2013 Mehmet Baran Akat"},"content":{"rendered":"

Raydan \u00e7\u0131kan metro, yanan halk otob\u00fcs\u00fc, t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc kazalar\u0131n adresi metrob\u00fcs, \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7\u00f6ken \u00fcst ge\u00e7it, duraklara dalan toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131…Bu \u00f6rneklerin her biri ne yaz\u0131k ki ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir ula\u015f\u0131m facias\u0131. Ula\u015f\u0131m hizmetlerinin piyasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 evine, i\u015fine, okuluna, hastaneye giden halk\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli ula\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131 elinden al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Tekerle\u011fin icad\u0131ndan toplu ula\u015f\u0131ma<\/strong>
\nUla\u015f\u0131m, bir nesnenin veya bir ki\u015finin bulundu\u011fu yerden farkl\u0131 bir yere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Milattan \u00f6nce 3000’li y\u0131llarda tekerle\u011fin icad\u0131yla ba\u015flayan bu ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m, bug\u00fcn kent ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n damarlar\u0131 i\u015flevini g\u00f6ren bir kamusal hizmettir.<\/p>\n

Toplumsal ya\u015famda ula\u015f\u0131m, toplu ula\u015f\u0131m olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan y\u00fcksek kapasiteli ara\u00e7larla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ula\u015f\u0131m modelidir. Ula\u015f\u0131m sistemlerinin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini; planlama, ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri belirler.<\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131m planlamas\u0131<\/strong>
\nUla\u015f\u0131m sistemlerinin plan\u0131 halk\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile do\u011frudan alakal\u0131d\u0131r. Tekni\u011fine uygun olmayan yol in\u015faatlar\u0131, yetersiz ve hatal\u0131 trafik i\u015faretlemeleri, temel ula\u015f\u0131m planlama ilkeleri ve bilimsel veriler yok say\u0131larak siyasi kayg\u0131larla h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131larak yap\u0131lan ula\u015f\u0131m hatlar\u0131, toplu ula\u015ft\u0131rma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130stanbul’da g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde on binlerce insan\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 metrob\u00fcs hatt\u0131, trafi\u011fi sa\u011fdan i\u015fleyen bir \u00fclkenin soldan \u201ci\u015fletilen\u201d ula\u015f\u0131m sistemidir. As\u0131l olarak metrob\u00fcs sistemi ring modeliyle \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in her iki y\u00f6nde yolcu ini\u015f – bini\u015fine g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131r. Metrob\u00fcs siteminde \u00e7ift y\u00f6nl\u00fc ini\u015f-bini\u015fi sa\u011flayabilen ancak \u0130stanbul’un topo\u011frafik yap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden al\u0131nan Phileas marka ara\u00e7lar metrob\u00fcs hatt\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fiminde y\u00fcksek ta\u015f\u0131ma kapasitesini kald\u0131rmayarak yollarda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yerine ge\u00e7en otob\u00fcsler tek y\u00f6nden(sa\u011fdan) ini\u015f-bini\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ana ula\u015f\u0131m aks\u0131na g\u00f6re ters y\u00f6nlerde (soldan) \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu da metrob\u00fcs sistemininde olas\u0131 riskleri \u00e7ok tehlikeli hale getirmi\u015f, \u015fof\u00f6rlerin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131nda al\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na ters y\u00f6nl\u00fc ilerleyen metrob\u00fcs trafik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 metrob\u00fcs \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na davetiye \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Metrob\u00fcs hatt\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda g\u00fcvenlik \u015feridi olmadan tesis edilmi\u015f, tehlike anlar\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Raydan \u00e7\u0131kan ula\u015f\u0131m sistemleri<\/strong>
\nRayl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m hatlar\u0131 da sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli planlamadan yoksun bir \u015fekilde tasarlanmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fczergah se\u00e7imi, hatt\u0131n teknik altyap\u0131s\u0131, tasar\u0131m\u0131, sinyal sistemi, e\u011fim sorunu, \u00e7apraz ba\u011flant\u0131 hatlar\u0131ndaki sorunlar kazalara neden olmaktad\u0131r. Marmaray’\u0131n proje tamamlanmadan ve Maltepe’de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan g\u00fcvenlik merkezi kurulmadan a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 altyap\u0131s\u0131 tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ula\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcvenli\u011fini tehdit ediyor. Nitekim ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda \u0130stanbul Marmaray’da vagon Ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7e\u015fme-Kazl\u0131\u00e7e\u015fme seferi s\u0131ras\u0131nda raydan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.\"TOPKAPI'DA<\/a><\/p>\n

Ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/strong>
\nUla\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcvenli\u011finin di\u011fer \u00f6nemli parametresi ara\u00e7\/ta\u015f\u0131t g\u00fcvenli\u011fidir. K\u00fcle d\u00f6nen otob\u00fcsler, raydan \u00e7\u0131kan metrolar, dura\u011fa yana\u015fmak yerine dura\u011fa dalan otob\u00fcslere \u015fahit olduk ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda. Dikimevi’nde dura\u011fa giren Ankara Otob\u00fcs \u0130\u015fletmesi’ne (EGO) ait otob\u00fcs 12 ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne sebep olmu\u015ftu. \u0130stanbul Kavac\u0131k’ta 27 Temmuz 2014’te sefer halindeyken yanan halk otob\u00fcs\u00fcnde 4 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015fti. Seyrantepe metrosu raydan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f vagon i\u00e7indeki 1 ki\u015fi bedenine saplanan demirle yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Daha bir\u00e7ok kazay\u0131, felaketi s\u0131ralayabiliriz. Ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi; temel bak\u0131m, onar\u0131m, denetim uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma arac\u0131nda elektronik ve mekanik ar\u0131zalardan kaynakl\u0131 kazalar\u0131n temel nedeni; periyodik bak\u0131m\u0131n aksat\u0131lmas\u0131 ya da nitelikli yap\u0131lmamas\u0131, bak\u0131m onar\u0131m faaliyetlerinin ta\u015feronla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve merkezi-yerel y\u00f6netimlerin ilgili birimlerince denetlenmemesi, muayene kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tutulmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler, g\u00fcvencesiz ko\u015fullarda uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yorlar<\/strong>
\nUla\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcvenli\u011fi zincirinin son halkas\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015f g\u00fcnleri ve tatil g\u00fcnlerinde 12 saati a\u015fk\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sof\u00f6rlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygun durumda de\u011fildir. Y\u00fcksek kapasiteli yolcu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu alan \u015fof\u00f6rlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131, s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f e\u011fitimleri ve denetimleri; kendilerinin ve yolcular\u0131n ya\u015fam g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in hayatidir.<\/p>\n

Toplu ula\u015f\u0131m hizmeti kent ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli ula\u015f\u0131m bir hakt\u0131r, temel ya\u015famsal ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/strong> Piyasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan ula\u015f\u0131m hizmetleri, periyodik ula\u015f\u0131m zamlar\u0131na ve ula\u015f\u0131m sistemlerinin tehlikelerine i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Mehmet Baran Akat \/ \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Raydan \u00e7\u0131kan metro, yanan halk otob\u00fcs\u00fc, t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcrl\u00fc kazalar\u0131n adresi metrob\u00fcs, \u00fcst\u00fcm\u00fcze…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4721],"tags":[3072,3071,2114,2390,3070],"class_list":{"0":"post-20809","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-ulasim-yazilar","8":"tag-metro-kazalari","9":"tag-metrobus-kazalari","10":"tag-otobus-yanginlari","11":"tag-ulasim-sistemleri","12":"tag-ulastirma-araclari"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20809\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}