{"id":21009,"date":"2016-05-22T13:14:51","date_gmt":"2016-05-22T10:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=21009"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:37:45","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:37:45","slug":"gidayi-guvenli-saklamanin-temeli-soguk-zincir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/gidayi-guvenli-saklamanin-temeli-soguk-zincir\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u0131day\u0131 g\u00fcvenli saklaman\u0131n temeli: So\u011fuk zincir – Hayati Can"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bazen yaln\u0131zca ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za geldi\u011finde \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz durumlar vard\u0131r. G\u0131da zehirlenmeleri bunlardan biridir. Yedi\u011fimiz bir makarna, soslu g\u0131dalar, bal\u0131k ya da tavuk bir anda t\u00fcm hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. G\u0131da zehirlenmesi vakalar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle okul, sosyal tesis gibi kamuya ait kurumlarda s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, toplu yemek organizasyonlar\u0131 ya da halk\u0131n ev d\u0131\u015f\u0131 beslendi\u011fi mekanlarda ya\u015fanan vakalar s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00fcndeme geliyor. Kamunun ortak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 mekanlardaki g\u0131dan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi \u00fcretimden son kullan\u0131c\u0131ya giden s\u00fcre\u00e7te kurulan so\u011fuk zincire dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

So\u011fuk zincir kavram\u0131, \u00fcretim a\u015famas\u0131ndan son t\u00fcketiciye g\u0131dan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli seyrini ifade eder. Zincirin herhangi bir halkas\u0131nda olu\u015facak k\u0131r\u0131lma yani g\u0131day\u0131 saklama\/ta\u015f\u0131ma ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki herhangi bir uygunsuzluk g\u0131dan\u0131n bozulmas\u0131na, t\u00fcketenlerde g\u0131da temelli zehirlenmelere neden olur. Bu nedenle insanl\u0131k tarihinde toprak alt\u0131nda saklama ve ma\u011faralara depolama ile ba\u015flayan g\u0131day\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 tutma y\u00f6ntemi bug\u00fcn \u00fcreticiler, marketler, lokantalar ve evlerimize kadar her yerde m\u00fchendisli\u011fin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ara\u00e7 ve y\u00f6ntemlerle sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

So\u011fuk zincirin ilk halkas\u0131nda yer alan \u00fcreticiler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hasat\/\u00fcretim zaman\u0131 \u00f6zel \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin meyve sebze a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hasat zaman\u0131 belirlenmesi mutlaka ziraat m\u00fchendisleri g\u00f6zetiminde yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve hasat \u015feklide do\u011fru se\u00e7ilmelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hasarl\u0131 ya da k\u00f6t\u00fc durumdaki g\u0131da so\u011futularak d\u00fczeltilemez. Muhafaza s\u00fcresi, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nem oran\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn kalitesini belirleyen fakt\u00f6rlerdir. \u00dcr\u00fcnler hasad\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan h\u0131zla so\u011futulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7ilek vb. hassas g\u0131dalar takribi 2-3 saatte so\u011futulamazlar ise, bozulma s\u00fcreleri \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 olur. Elma gibi daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc meyveler ise 1-2 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde so\u011futulursa, uzun s\u00fcre muhafaza edilebilirler. Protein oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek g\u0131dalarda so\u011futma daha kritiktir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. S\u00fct, bal\u0131k, tavuk ve di\u011fer et \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin s\u00fct sa\u011f\u0131mdan 4 saat i\u00e7inde, bal\u0131k 2-3 saat i\u00e7inde, tavuk 3-4 saat i\u00e7inde ve et 5-6 saat i\u00e7inde +4 C alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n

\"g_1\"<\/a>
So\u011futma ile bakteri \u00fcreme h\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclerek, g\u0131dan\u0131n i\u00e7inde zararl\u0131 toksin maddenin belli bir oran\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 hedeflenir. Bakteri \u00fcreme h\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, sonsuz bir muhafaza da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilemez. G\u0131da zehirlenmeleri konusunda T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu (T\u00dc\u0130K) istatistik verisi sunmuyor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise yaln\u0131zca sindirim sistemi sorunlar\u0131 diye bir ba\u015fl\u0131kta \u00f6l\u00fcm vakalar\u0131n\u0131 sunuyor. Bu oran \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek olmasa da, y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10.000 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fini s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Bilgi kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve veri saklanmamas\u0131, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ve a\u00e7\u0131lan soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n bir merkezde toplanmamas\u0131 g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 konusundaki durumu da \u00f6zetliyor.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

G\u00fcvenli g\u0131da i\u00e7in pratik bilgiler<\/strong>
\nSo\u011fuk zinciri ta\u015f\u0131mayla devam eder. Ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri g\u0131daya uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve nem \u015fart\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fckleme ve bo\u015faltma i\u015flerinde ara s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerden ge\u00e7ilmemelidir. Uzun s\u00fcreli muhafaza i\u00e7in -30 C alt\u0131na inilerek \u00fcr\u00fcnler dondurulmal\u0131 ve daha sonra -18 C alt\u0131nda bekletilmelidir. Donu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen \u00fcr\u00fcn tekrar dondurulamaz. So\u011fuk zincir; ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan saklama ko\u015fullar\u0131yla devam eder. Marketlerde so\u011fuk depolar ve te\u015fhir dolaplar\u0131 bulunur. \u0130\u015fletme problemleri buralarda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin so\u011futma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki buzlanma iyi bir yal\u0131t\u0131m sa\u011flar ve so\u011futma durur. Yemek yiyece\u011finiz bir lokantada dolab\u0131n petekleri buzlanm\u0131\u015f ise, i\u00e7indeki yiyecekler bozulmu\u015f olabilir. Elektrik kesintileri de benzer etkilere yol a\u00e7arlar. Dolap temizli\u011fi de, bozulmaya kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fczenli yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir uygulamad\u0131r. Marketlerde haftada en az bir, ev dolaplar\u0131nda ise ayda en az bir kez dolaplar karbonatl\u0131 su vb. ile temizlenmelidir. K\u00f6t\u00fc koku, bozulma belirtisidir. Mutlaka koku kayna\u011f\u0131 bulunmal\u0131 ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u0131dalar\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve topluma sunulmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde mutlaka g\u0131da m\u00fchendisleri ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere makina, elektrik, g\u0131da, ziraat ve kimya m\u00fchendisleri gibi bir\u00e7ok m\u00fchendislik disiplinine ihtiya\u00e7 var. Bu noktada temel sorumluluk bu s\u00fcreci denetleme noktas\u0131nda kamuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Ancak g\u0131da alan\u0131nda i\u015fleyi\u015fi denetlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc G\u0131da, Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 so\u011fuk zincir s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini kontrol edebilmek bir yana \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mart 2015 tarihli bir d\u00fczenleme ile sadece 30 HP makina g\u00fcc\u00fc ve 10 ki\u015fiden daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olan i\u015fletmelerde g\u0131da m\u00fchendislerini zorunlu tutuyor. Yani g\u0131da i\u015fletmelerinin % 80\u2019i m\u00fchendislerden yoksun bir durumda b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ne Yapabiliriz?<\/strong>
\nMevcut ko\u015fullarda g\u0131day\u0131 kullananlar olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015fletmelerde, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z noktalarda, okullarda yemek \u015firketlerinin denetimlerini sorgulayabiliriz. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ruhsatlar\u0131 da sorgulanabilir. Bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan m\u00fchendislerin de g\u00fcvenli g\u0131dalar i\u00e7in, mesleki sorumluluklar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda so\u011fuk zincirin her halkas\u0131nda halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek ko\u015fullar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hayati Can \/ Makina M\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bazen yaln\u0131zca ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za geldi\u011finde \u00f6nem kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz durumlar vard\u0131r. G\u0131da zehirlenmeleri bunlardan…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":21010,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4713,1991],"tags":[3094,3093],"class_list":{"0":"post-21009","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-gida-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-gida-givenligi","10":"tag-soguk-zincir"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21009","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21009"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21009\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21010"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21009"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21009"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21009"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}