{"id":21687,"date":"2016-07-21T15:22:01","date_gmt":"2016-07-21T12:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=21687"},"modified":"2016-07-21T15:22:01","modified_gmt":"2016-07-21T12:22:01","slug":"makina-muhendisleri-odasi-pamukova-kazasina-yol-acan-demiryolu-politikalari-tum-sorunlariyla-devam-ediyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/makina-muhendisleri-odasi-pamukova-kazasina-yol-acan-demiryolu-politikalari-tum-sorunlariyla-devam-ediyor\/","title":{"rendered":"Makina M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131: &#8220;Pamukova &#8216;kazas\u0131&#8217;na yol a\u00e7an demiryolu politikalar\u0131 t\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131yla devam ediyor&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>12 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 22 Temmuz 2004 tarihinde 41 yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 81 yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan Pamukova &#8220;Kazas\u0131&#8221;, nedenleri ve demiryolu politikalar\u0131yla kamuoyunda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r hale gelmi\u015fti. Olaya zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve m\u00fchendislik hizmetlerinin gereklerinin yerine getirilmemesi yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130nsan hayat\u0131 \u00fczerinde tehdit olu\u015fturmaya devam eden demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki sorunlar \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme s\u00fcreciyle artarak devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Odam\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan periyodik olarak g\u00fcncellenen ve sonuncusu 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f olan\u00a0Ula\u015f\u0131mda Demiryolu Ger\u00e7e\u011firaporunda da\u00a0tespit edildi\u011fi \u00fczere demiryollar\u0131 1950\u2018lerden itibaren karayolu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle ikinci plana itilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Konvansiyonel hatlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2018\u0131; toplam demiryollar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczde 37\u2018si Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131ndan \u00f6nce yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1923-1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131lda ortalama yakla\u015f\u0131k 139 km olmak \u00fczere toplam 3 bin 193 km demiryolu in\u015fa edilirken 1950 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra y\u0131lda ortalama 52 km demiryolu in\u015fa edilebilmi\u015ftir. 1950 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle 9 bin 204 km olan toplam demiryolu hatt\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda, y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tren hatt\u0131 da d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere, 12 bin 485 km\u2018dir. Yani 66 y\u0131lda yaln\u0131zca 3 bin 281 km demiryolu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1923-1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin olanaklar\u0131 ve teknolojisi ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye\u2018sinin olanaklar\u0131 ve teknolojisi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, demiryollar\u0131na yar\u0131m asr\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir neredeyse ray d\u00f6\u015fenmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1923-1950 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 134 km demiryolu in\u015fa edilirken, 1951-2013 aras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortalama 28 km ile neredeyse yerinde say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda 397 km olan y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tren hat toplam\u0131 2010\u2018da 888 km\u2018ye y\u00fckselmi\u015f, fakat y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 trene y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00fcn imaj politikalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 2011, 2012, 2013 ve 2014\u2018de durum de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu 888 km\u2018nin 872 km\u2018si anahatlardan, 16 km\u2018si de istasyon yollar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise 1.213 km olan y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tren hat toplam\u0131n\u0131n 1.184 km\u2018si anahatlardan, 29 km\u2018si istasyon yollar\u0131ndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Neticede demiryolu yolcu ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir gerilemeye yol a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 tren uygulamas\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r ve sorunlu bir \u015fekilde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131ma oranlar\u0131 yolcuda y\u00fczde 42, y\u00fckte y\u00fczde 78 iken, 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolcuda y\u00fczde 2,2 iken 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fczde 1,1\u2018e gerilemi\u015ftir. Y\u00fckte de 2000\u2018de y\u00fczde 4,3 olan oran 2012\u2018de 4,1\u2018e gerilemi\u015f; karayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde y\u00fckte y\u00fczde 71\u2018den y\u00fczde 76,8\u2018e, yolcuda ise y\u00fczde 95,9\u2018dan y\u00fczde 98,3\u2018e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. 2013 ve 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda yolcu say\u0131s\u0131 2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n gerisinde kalmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ras\u0131yla y\u00fczde 25 ve y\u00fczde 14 daha az yolcuya hizmet verilmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nUla\u015f\u0131m sistemindeki dengesizli\u011fin giderek artmas\u0131 ile birlikte y\u00fcksek maliyet, verimsiz yol kullan\u0131m\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetlerinde art\u0131\u015f, arazi kay\u0131plar\u0131, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fi olu\u015fmu\u015f; ekonomik olmayan irrasyonel yat\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131yla \u00fclkemizde dengesiz ve \u00e7arp\u0131k bir ula\u015f\u0131m sistemi in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Demiryolu hizmetlerinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi, piyasaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 bu sorunlara kaynakl\u0131k eden \u00f6nemli yap\u0131sal d\u00fczenlemelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>TCDD \u0130\u015fletmesi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Yeniden Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye Demiryolu Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u015e Kurulmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u00a0ile bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak art\u0131lar\u0131 ve eksileri bulunan 160 y\u0131ll\u0131k demiryolu kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 ve TCDD\u2018nin nihai tasfiyesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye Demiryolu Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u015e Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2018n\u00fcn kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kanun, ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmelerle ve demiryolu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi ile ilgili ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeler getirmektedir. B\u00f6ylece TCDD par\u00e7alanarak \u015firketle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, kamu hizmeti anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 yerine serbest piyasa gereklerini g\u00f6zeten bir model esas al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, TCDD\u2018nin ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131 sat\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerine tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum halk\u0131n ula\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131n\u0131n elinden al\u0131nma s\u00fcrecinin son halkas\u0131d\u0131r. Karayollar\u0131 ve havayolundan sonra demiryolunun ticarile\u015ftirilmesi ve piyasaya a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 tamamlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Karayolu ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, g\u00fcvenli, konforlu, h\u0131zl\u0131, \u00e7evre dostu olan, d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yaratmayan, enerji savurganl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olmayan, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve h\u0131zl\u0131, altyap\u0131 problemleri ve sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015f demiryolu, havayolu ve denizyolu ula\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n hak etti\u011fi d\u00fczeye ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve ula\u015f\u0131mda toplu ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 temel hedef olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fru bir demiryolu politikas\u0131, hat kapasitesi, arazi, maliyet, kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc, g\u00fcvenlik, enerji verimlili\u011fi, petrole ba\u011fl\u0131 olunmamas\u0131, \u00e7evre gibi temel unsurlara ve kamusal hizmet perspektifine dayand\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nerilerimiz bu a\u00e7\u0131dan de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ciddi bir &#8220;Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Ana Plan\u0131&#8221; yap\u0131lmal\u0131; bu plan kapsam\u0131nda, demiryolu, denizyolu, havayolu ve karayolu i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ana planlar haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ula\u015f\u0131m politikalar\u0131 karayolu, denizyolu, demiryolu, havayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, seri, ekonomik, \u00e7evreci, g\u00fcvenli ve h\u0131zl\u0131, tek bir ta\u015f\u0131ma zinciri olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde entegre edilmesini i\u00e7eren Kombine Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelim ekseninde belirlenmelidir.<br \/>\nT\u00fcm ula\u015f\u0131m modlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda uyum sa\u011flanarak y\u00fck ve yolcu ta\u015f\u0131mada a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na verilmeli, demiryolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 planl\u0131 olarak art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Gerekli altyap\u0131, bak\u0131m, yenileme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde eski hatlarda &#8220;s\u00fcrat demiryolu&#8221; projelerine y\u00f6nelinmeli; yeni altyap\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek standartl\u0131 yeni hat yap\u0131m\u0131na dayanmayan &#8220;h\u0131zl\u0131\/h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tren&#8221; projeleri durdurulmal\u0131; bu konuda meslek odalar\u0131, sendikalar, uzmanlar, bilim insanlar\u0131 ve \u00fcniversitelerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131 mutlaka dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ula\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc ve demiryollar\u0131nda, altyap\u0131, ara\u00e7, arazi, tesis, i\u015fletme ve ta\u015f\u0131nmazlara y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler ve belediyeler ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131slara devirler durdurulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nYeni rayl\u0131 sistemlerin mevcut ula\u015f\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131 ile entegrasyonu sa\u011flanmal\u0131, kentlerde ba\u015fta metro olmak \u00fczere hafif rayl\u0131 sistemler yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ula\u015ft\u0131rma master planlar\u0131nda, birim enerji t\u00fcketimi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck demiryolu ve denizyolu sistemlerine \u00f6ncelik verilmeli, mevcut sistemler kapasite ve verimlilikleri geli\u015ftirilerek kullan\u0131lmal\u0131; ula\u015f\u0131mda petrol ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmeli; mevzuat bu do\u011frultuda g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>TCDD\u2018nin par\u00e7alanarak i\u015flevsizle\u015ftirilmesi, siyasi kadro atamalar\u0131 ve her d\u00fczeydeki uzman kadro k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131na son verilmelidir. TCDD\u2018nin personel a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi de\u011fil mesleki ve teknik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler i\u00e7inde giderilmeli; &#8220;performansa g\u00f6re \u00fccret&#8221;, &#8220;toplam kalite y\u00f6netimi&#8221; vb. uygulamalar kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Hizmet d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lan bak\u0131m-tamir at\u00f6lyeleri ve b\u00fct\u00fcn tesisler yeniden i\u015flevli k\u0131l\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\nTCDD\u2018nin bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve zarar ettirilmesi politikas\u0131 terk edilmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>T\u00dcDEMSA\u015e, T\u00dcVASA\u015e, T\u00dcLOMSA\u015e gibi TCDD fabrikalar\u0131 lokomotif ve vagon \u00fcretecek teknik d\u00fczeye getirilmeli, montaj de\u011fil \u00fcretim esasl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahip olmal\u0131; demiryolu yan sanayisine (ray, tekerlek vb.) yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>TCDD, nitelikli personel yeti\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fcniversiteler ve meslek odalar\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmal\u0131, meslek i\u00e7i e\u011fitim geli\u015ftirilmeli, kapat\u0131lan meslek liseleri yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Demiryolu modlar\u0131ndaki at\u0131l kapasitelerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in i\u015fletme iyile\u015ftirmeleri yap\u0131lmal\u0131; demiryolu hatlar\u0131 ciddi ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir tarzda onar\u0131larak yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131; ula\u015f\u0131m g\u00fcvenli\u011fini etkileyen hatlar en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede onar\u0131lmal\u0131, elektrifikasyon ve sinyalizasyon gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>TMMOB Makina M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"12 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 22 Temmuz 2004 tarihinde 41 yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 81 yurtta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2010],"tags":[266,3179,3180],"class_list":{"0":"post-21687","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-basin-aciklamalari","8":"tag-makina-muhendisleri-odasi","9":"tag-pamukova","10":"tag-pamukova-tren-faciasi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21687"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21687\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}