Dijital platform \u015firketleri, piyasan\u0131n farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da patron zenginle\u015firken, onlara para kazand\u0131ran ama onlarla hi\u00e7bir fiziksel ba\u011f\u0131 olmayan emek\u00e7iler yoksulla\u015ft\u0131\u2026 Kapitalizmin \u2018trojan\u2019 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in umut \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i\u2026 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her g\u00fcn daha fazla yeni \u00f6rg\u00fct ve yerel halk hareketi eski bir fikri hayata ge\u00e7iriyor: \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Kooperatifi\u201d. Dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatifleri, teknolojinin nimetlerinden faydalanarak i\u015f\u00e7i ve t\u00fcketici denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k, kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmayan platformlar kuruyorlar.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin en g\u00fcncel tart\u0131\u015fma par\u00e7aba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerle dijital platform \u015firketleri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma\u2026<\/p>\n
Kuzey Amerika\u2019da \u201cGig Workers\u201d olarak an\u0131lan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\/ s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli\/ mevsimlik\/ yar\u0131zamanl\u0131\/ \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 \u00fczerine veya par\u00e7aba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler; devasa teknoloji platformlar\u0131n\u0131n piyasay\u0131 i\u015fgal etmesiyle ciddi sorunlar ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u0130nternet \u00fczerinden m\u00fc\u015fteri ve i\u015f\u00e7i\/esnaf aras\u0131nda ba\u011flant\u0131 kuran dijital platformlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131nda bir \u201cdevrim\u201d olarak sunuldular. Bir hizmete veya \u00fcr\u00fcne ihtiyac\u0131 olanlar, bilgisayar veya cep telefonu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hedefe kolayca ve h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde ula\u015facakt\u0131. Di\u011fer yandan emek\u00e7iler kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re esnek \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131. Bu yeni uygulama i\u015fyerine ve i\u015fverene ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan kurtararak i\u015f\u00e7ileri \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirecek ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecekti!<\/p>\n
Masal uzun s\u00fcrmedi. Dijital platform \u015firketleri, piyasan\u0131n farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da patron zenginle\u015firken, onlara para kazand\u0131ran ama onlarla hi\u00e7bir fiziksel ba\u011f\u0131 olmayan emek\u00e7iler yoksulla\u015ft\u0131\u2026 K\u0131rtasiyeci al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f sitesiyle, taksi dura\u011f\u0131 cep telefonu uygulamas\u0131yla sava\u015f\u0131rken amazon.com piyasa de\u011feri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yedinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketi oldu, uber 68 milyon dolarl\u0131k servete kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
E\u015fzamanl\u0131 olarak ABD ekonomisinde baz\u0131 olgular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; rekor d\u00fczeyde gelir ve servet e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, orta ve alt s\u0131n\u0131flar i\u00e7in rekor d\u00fczeyde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretler, rekor d\u00fczeyde \u2018ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u2019, \u2018k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli\u2019 ve g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015f\u00e7i\u2026<\/p>\n
Kitap ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek sipari\u015finden ev temizli\u011fine, ula\u015f\u0131m hizmetlerinden grafik tasar\u0131ma kadar farkl\u0131 alanlarda faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten bu \u015firketler, i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f ve sorumluluklar\u0131 i\u015fveren lehine belirsizle\u015ftirirken, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinin d\u00fc\u015fmesine ve i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi gibi konular\u0131n rafa kalkmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n
Cep telefonu uygulamas\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lan bir taksi \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn patronu kimdir? Yolcu mu? Arac\u0131n sahibi mi? Yoksa dijital uygulama m\u0131? Yolcu bir trafik kazas\u0131nda yaralan\u0131rsa sorumlusu kim olacak? Telefon ekran\u0131nda yan\u0131p s\u00f6nen taksi animasyonu mu?<\/p>\n
Bilgisayar ekran\u0131ndaki bir ilana t\u0131klayarak bulunan (siz bunu i\u015fe al\u0131nan diye okuyun) ve \u00fccreti kredi kart\u0131 ile \u00f6denen g\u00fcndelik\u00e7i ev i\u015f\u00e7isi, i\u015f kazas\u0131 ge\u00e7irirse tedavi masraflar\u0131ndan kim sorumlu olacak?<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlere tasar\u0131m, yaz\u0131l\u0131m, \u00e7eviri gibi hizmetler veren iyi e\u011fitimli, yarat\u0131c\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan beyaz yakal\u0131lar\u0131, meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan kim koruyacak? Dijital platformlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kim denetleyecek? Y\u0131ll\u0131k izin, tatil hakk\u0131, emeklilik, \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131, sendika hakk\u0131 vb. konular\u0131 ilgili web sitesinin s\u0131k sorulan sorular b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bulamazs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Amazon, Uber ve AirBnB gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayeli dijital platformlar, piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol ediyor. Dijital platformlar zamanla kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7i b\u00fcrosuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor ve i\u015f\u00e7iye kar\u015f\u0131 sorumluluk almadan i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretinden yap\u0131lan kesintilerle para kazan\u0131yorlar. Bu \u015firketler, i\u015f\u00e7ileri dikkate alm\u0131yor, sadece yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n karlar\u0131n\u0131 hesapl\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n
Ama fark etmedikleri bir \u015fey var. Asl\u0131nda ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n patronlar\u0131ndan daha g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz durumdalar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc fabrikalar\u0131 ve makineleri yani web siteleri ve bilgisayar programlar\u0131 onlara ait de\u011fil\u2026 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n bu yeni bi\u00e7imi \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na fiziksel olarak sahip de\u011fil. Kodlar\u0131 yazanlar ve dijital g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayanlar i\u00e7in \u2018ludizm\u2019, \u2018sabatoj\u2019 ve \u2018grev\u2019 bir tu\u015fa basmak kadar kolay. Kald\u0131 ki i\u015f iyi bir bilgisayar program\u0131yla bitmiyor. Dijital ekonomi, depolarda hamallara, yollarda \u015fof\u00f6rlere, sanal de\u011fil ger\u00e7ek i\u015f\u00e7ilere ihtiya\u00e7 duyuyor. \u00dcstelik \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak satt\u0131klar\u0131 pek \u00e7ok hizmet fiziksel ve manevi olarak en y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fler\u2026 Dijital de olsa ekonominin temeli 0\u2019lar ve 1\u2019ler de\u011fil al\u0131nteri.<\/p>\n
Dijital platform \u015firketleri i\u015f\u00e7ilere adil maa\u015flar \u00f6demek yerine b\u00fct\u00e7elerini reklam ajanslar\u0131na ve hukuk \u015firketlerine ay\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Avukatlar, yasalar\u0131n \u015firketler lehine de\u011fi\u015fmesi i\u00e7in lobi yaparken, talep yaratmak ve m\u00fc\u015fterileri al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok geni\u015f reklam kampanyalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Kapitalizmin \u2018trojan\u2019 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in umut \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i\u2026 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her g\u00fcn daha fazla yeni \u00f6rg\u00fct ve yerel halk hareketi eski bir fikri hayata ge\u00e7iriyor: \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Kooperatifi\u201d. Dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatifleri, teknolojinin nimetlerinden faydalanarak i\u015f\u00e7i ve t\u00fcketici denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k, kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmayan platformlar kuruyorlar.<\/p>\n
Kooperatifler, Kuzey Amerika\u2019da makul fiyat politikalar\u0131 uygulayan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131na adil \u00fccretler veren kurumlar olarak biliniyor. Pek \u00e7ok manav ve f\u0131r\u0131n bu y\u00f6ntemle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00dcr\u00fcnler \u00fcreticiden t\u00fcketiciye do\u011frudan ula\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Uluslararas\u0131 Kooperatifler Birli\u011fi\u2019ne (International Cooperative Alliance) g\u00f6re; kooperatif\u00e7ilik bir toplumsal hareket ve bu hareketin amac\u0131 yoksulla\u015fan insanlar\u0131 korumak ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek. ICA\u2019ya g\u00f6re ABD\u2019de 29 bini a\u015fk\u0131n kooperatif faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
Kooperatifler dijital platformlar kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011filler. Malum, mobil al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda h\u0131z \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli\u2026 Alternatif a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin programlar\u0131 kadar iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor. Bunun i\u00e7in daha fazla altyap\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 var. Yerel kooperatiflerin b\u00fct\u00e7esi bu ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layam\u0131yor. Bu noktada, bir verip on alma, astronomik y\u00f6netici maa\u015f\u0131 \u00f6deme gibi tela\u015flar\u0131 olmayan ama i\u015f\u00e7ilere \u201cs\u00f6z ve karar hakk\u0131\u201d veren, onlara adil \u00fccretler \u00f6deyen kooperatiflere destek olma konusunda sendikalara g\u00f6rev d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. S\u0131n\u0131f dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bu boyutu Kuzey Amerika\u2019da yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor. Sendikalar ve t\u00fcketici hareketleri, \u201corganik tar\u0131m\u201d \u201c\u015feffafl\u0131k\u201d ve \u201ci\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131\u201d gibi de\u011ferlere dikkat eden kooperatifleri destekliyor.<\/p>\n
Austin\u2019de kahraman bakkal s\u00fcpermarkete kar\u015f\u0131 zafer kazand\u0131. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kartan bir \u201caraba payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u201d uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 kullanan RideAustin Kooperatifiyle ba\u015f edemeyen Uber ve Lyft eyaleti terk etti. Getty Images gibi bir deve kar\u015f\u0131 kendisini sanat\u00e7\u0131-ortakl\u0131 dijital lisanslama kooperatifi olarak tan\u0131mlayan Stocksy, y\u00f6netimini kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n denetime a\u00e7t\u0131 ve gelirini foto\u011fraf y\u00fckleyen sanat\u00e7\u0131larla payla\u015ft\u0131. Hem m\u00fc\u015fteriler hem sanat emek\u00e7ileri art\u0131k Stocksy\u2019yi tercih ediyor.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l Avrupa\u2019da greve \u00e7\u0131kan sendikalar i\u015f\u00e7ileri yok sayan amazon.com ile iyi toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler imzalad\u0131lar. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fclkede taksi \u015fof\u00f6rleri bazen Uber i\u00e7i de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, bazen de Uber\u2019in yasaklanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in grevler d\u00fczenlediler.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn, dijital platformlar i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftiren ve \u00fccretlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren amele pazarlar\u0131na benziyor. Ama \u00e7ok-ortakl\u0131, t\u00fcketici ve i\u015f\u00e7i denetimine a\u00e7\u0131k dijital kooperatifler i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesini sa\u011flayabilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcne dayal\u0131 dijital ekonomi adeta bir bilgisayar vir\u00fcs\u00fc gibi yay\u0131l\u0131yor, i\u015f\u00e7i haklar\u0131, yurtta\u015f denetimi \u2018block\u2019lan\u0131yor. \u00c7are VPN de\u011fil, i\u015fletim sistemini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dijital platform \u015firketleri, piyasan\u0131n farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdiler. S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da patron zenginle\u015firken,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[3211,3210,3209],"class_list":{"0":"post-22050","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-alternatif-bilisim-araclari","9":"tag-bilisim-emekcileri","10":"tag-bilisim-isciligi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22050","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22050"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22050\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22050"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22050"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22050"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}