\u00dclkemiz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, sanayinin ve barajlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 aktif deprem ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer almakta; ancak deprem, \u00e7ok disiplinli bir m\u00fchendislik, mimarl\u0131k, \u015fehir planc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan\u0131 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n bu disiplinler rant \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015flanmaktad\u0131r. 17 A\u011fustos 1999 Marmara Depremi sonras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131 denetimi d\u00fczenlemelerinde kamusal denetim ticarile\u015ftirilmi\u015f, meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nerilerini d\u0131\u015flayan bir yakla\u015f\u0131m egemen olmu\u015ftur. Yap\u0131 Denetim Yasas\u0131\u2018nda kamu yap\u0131lar\u0131 denetim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tutulmu\u015f; TMMOB\u2018ye ba\u011fl\u0131 ilgili Odalar\u0131n yasa ve y\u00f6netmeliklerce tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7inde bulunan m\u00fchendislik, mimarl\u0131k hizmetlerinin mesleki yeterlilik, e\u011fitim, belgelendirme, denetleme gereklilikleri d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum ile Gezi Park\u0131 Direni\u015finin ard\u0131ndan TMMOB\u2018ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Odalar\u0131n mesleki denetim yetkilerinin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 birbiriyle ili\u015fkili neoliberal bask\u0131c\u0131 bir politika hedefidir.<\/p>\n
Planlama, m\u00fchendislik, mimarl\u0131k, yap\u0131la\u015fma ve denetime ili\u015fkin sistemik sorunlara ayna tutan ve y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n afeti olarak da an\u0131lan 1999 Marmara Depreminden hi\u00e7bir ders al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; Deprem \u015euras\u0131, Ulusal Deprem Konseyi gibi olu\u015fumlar\u0131n devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 ile, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Van depremi sonucu olu\u015fan sosyal y\u0131k\u0131m tablosu ile, yeni mevzuat d\u00fczenlemelerinin rant eksenli kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm programlar\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkenin imara a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ile tekrar tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnameler (KHK) ile \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerel y\u00f6netimlerin yap\u0131, ruhsat vb. yetkilerini de \u00fcstlenmi\u015f, TOK\u0130\u2018ye \u00e7ok \u00f6zel yetkiler verilmi\u015f, “kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm” iktidar\u0131n elinde merkezile\u015ftirilmi\u015f, TMMOB\u2018nin merkezi vesayete tabi k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131 istenmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 KHK\u2018ler ile b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclke imara a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Yap\u0131 Denetimi Yasas\u0131\u2018nda denetim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131 t\u00fcr ve da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yasan\u0131n denetim kapsam\u0131 daralt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, denetimsiz yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Ulusal Deprem Stratejisi ve Eylem Plan\u0131 2012-2023 (UDSEP) da ayn\u0131 kapsamdaki yeni mevzuat ve uygulama sistemine dair \u00f6nemli ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunmu\u015ftur. Neoliberal serbestle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutan”kamu-\u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u015fbirli\u011fi” y\u00f6ntemi ile deprem gibi kompleks ve tamamen kamusal d\u00fczlemde olmas\u0131 gereken bir alan\u0131n \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re terk edilmesi i\u00e7in yeni ad\u0131mlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00f6lgesel kalk\u0131nma ajanslar\u0131na depremle ilgili sorumluluk verilmi\u015ftir. “Serbestle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme, sivil toplumu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme ve yerelle\u015fme” ba\u011flaml\u0131,kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve kamu erkini ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kullanan, yasama-yarg\u0131 denetimini d\u0131\u015flayan, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ve uluslararas\u0131 sermaye kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olan bu ajanslar\u0131n, yerel kaynaklar ile kentle\u015fme-yap\u0131la\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131 sermayeye nas\u0131l sunaca\u011f\u0131, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda daha net olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. TMMOB\u2018nin t\u00fcm uyar\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n m\u00fchendislik, mimarl\u0131k uygulama, hizmet ve \u00f6rg\u00fctleri bu strateji belgesinde de d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Onuncu Kalk\u0131nma Plan\u0131\u2018nda da, “Kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn do\u011furdu\u011fu de\u011fer art\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan kamuya kaynak sa\u011flanmas\u0131” ve “\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm proje say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131” ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Planda ayr\u0131ca “teknik m\u00fc\u015favirlik firmalar\u0131n\u0131n in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ve kamu-\u00f6zel i\u015fbirli\u011fi projeleri ile kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm gibi alanlarda daha etkin faaliyet g\u00f6stermeleri temin edilecektir” denilerek m\u00fchendislik, mimarl\u0131k hizmetlerinin kamusal niteli\u011finin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r lehine tasfiyesi a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Onuncu Plan, “ya\u015fam mek\u00e2nlar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik geli\u015fme ve rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fi destekleme”ye tabi k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 hedeflemi\u015ftir. “Bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere kayan \u00fcretim yo\u011funlu\u011fu ile uluslar \u00fcst\u00fc boyut kazanan yer se\u00e7imleri ve \u015fehirlerin rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan yeni bir b\u00f6lgesel geli\u015fme ve \u015fehirle\u015fme” yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 “kentsel imaj y\u00f6netimi ve markala\u015fma” ile cilalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Plan\u0131n mant\u0131\u011f\u0131, “kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f hacmi” yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla belirlenmi\u015ftir. Plan, “meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, odalar, STK\u2018lar ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin hizmet kapasitelerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ve kendi aralar\u0131ndaki a\u011f yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi” belirlemesiyle, bu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n yeni sermaye birikimi-rant politikalar\u0131na tabi k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da hedef olarak belirlemi\u015ftir. Plan, do\u011fal afetler konusunu, iktidar ve sermaye \u00e7evrelerinin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z k\u00e2r-rant amac\u0131na tabi k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ktidar, bir\u00e7ok kez de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u0130mar Yasas\u0131 ve Yap\u0131 Denetimi Yasas\u0131\u2018nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle, Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda Yasa\u2018n\u0131n devam\u0131 niteli\u011findeki d\u00fczenlemelerle, Yap\u0131 Denetimi Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmelik ve Planl\u0131 Alanlar Tip \u0130mar Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmelik ile; yap\u0131 \u00fcretim ve denetim s\u00fcrecindeki m\u00fchendislik-mimarl\u0131k projeleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar\u0131 bilimsel-teknik gerekliliklerden koparmaktad\u0131r. Bu hizmetlerin kamusal niteli\u011fi, teknik m\u00fc\u015favirlik kurulu\u015flar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi istenen sermaye g\u00fc\u00e7leri lehine tasfiye edilmek istenmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2018deki yap\u0131 stokunun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ruhsats\u0131z ve ka\u00e7ak, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 20 ya\u015f \u00fczeri konutlardan olu\u015fmakta, yar\u0131ya yak\u0131n\u0131 oturulamaz ve depreme kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gerekir durumdad\u0131r. Bu noktada yap\u0131 denetimi konusu birinci derecede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ancak bu konu afet, risk, kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, imar, kamu arazileri kavramlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ile kentlerden ba\u015flayarak t\u00fcm \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131 yeni sermaye birikimi politikalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda k\u00e2r-rant unsuru haline getirilerek istismar edilmektedir. Yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131lan plan ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerle, kentlerimiz, k\u0131rlar\u0131m\u0131z, k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z, ormanlar\u0131m\u0131z ve t\u00fcm do\u011fal \u00e7evremiz yo\u011fun rant projeleri ablukas\u0131 alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hemen her \u00f6l\u00e7ek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kavram\u0131, bug\u00fcn finansal olarak “arazi geli\u015ftirme” anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle peyzaj alanlar\u0131 olan b\u00f6lgelere rant ama\u00e7l\u0131 y\u00f6nelim artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131, insanca bir ya\u015fam ve \u00e7evre i\u00e7in al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemler ivedi bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bunun i\u00e7in, mevcut Yap\u0131 Denetim Yasas\u0131\u2018n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ticari yan\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r basan yap\u0131 denetim \u015firketi ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen teknik m\u00fc\u015favirlik \u015firketi modeli yerine uzmanl\u0131k ve etik niteliklere sahip yap\u0131 denet\u00e7ilerinin etkinli\u011fine dayal\u0131, meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrece etkin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak yeni bir planlama, tasar\u0131m, \u00fcretim ve denetim s\u00fcreci modeli benimsenmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131 denetimi uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiren kararlar ve ilgili t\u00fcm mevzuat\u0131n, TMMOB ve ba\u011fl\u0131 Odalar, \u00fcniversiteler ve ilgili kesimlerin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmemesi durumunda \u00fclkemizi yeni b\u00fcy\u00fck sosyal afetler, sosyal y\u0131k\u0131mlar beklemektedir. Depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlemler b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131la\u015fma ve halk\u0131n kent ve \u00e7evre hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in neoliberal piyasac\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar reddedilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Makina M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00dclkemiz topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, sanayinin ve barajlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 aktif deprem ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde yer…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2010],"tags":[1579,224],"class_list":{"0":"post-22186","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-basin-aciklamalari","8":"tag-17-agustos","9":"tag-17-agustos-depremi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22186","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22186"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22186\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22186"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22186"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22186"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}