{"id":22608,"date":"2016-09-25T14:49:48","date_gmt":"2016-09-25T11:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=22608"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:24","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:24","slug":"kentin-yarini-yarinin-kenti-ismail-kilinc-sendika-org","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/kentin-yarini-yarinin-kenti-ismail-kilinc-sendika-org\/","title":{"rendered":"Kentin yar\u0131n\u0131, yar\u0131n\u0131n kenti \u2013 \u0130smail K\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7 (Sendika.Org)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7evreci kentler ya da semtler nedense hep varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin hizmetinde. Kent i\u00e7inde hep kimi \u00f6zel konut adac\u0131klar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur: Korumal\u0131, bah\u00e7eli, havuzlu, kent g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden ve gecekondudan uzak. Yar\u0131n\u0131n kenti nedense kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131, halk\u00e7\u0131, dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, \u00f6zy\u00f6netimci olarak ge\u00e7mez ya da ge\u00e7se de arka d\u00fczlemde yer al\u0131r. Oysa kentli; ya\u015fl\u0131 ya da gen\u00e7 olsun, engelli ya da \u00fccretli olsun ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kendi ele almal\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge planlamas\u0131 i\u00e7inde kent planlamas\u0131yla kente egemen olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"ekokent\"<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus yo\u011funlu\u011fu, kirlilik, g\u00fcvenlik, enerji, ula\u015f\u0131m, g\u00fcvencesiz i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, yeni ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, giderek azalan ye\u015fil alan, beton uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, konut sorunu, kaybedilen zaman, savurganl\u0131k, gecekondular, i\u015fsizlerin doldurdu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z semtler, kaynayan banliy\u00f6ler, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, artan \u00e7\u00f6pler, su\u00e7luluk oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f; bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kentle\u015fmenin ve kentlerin sorunlar\u0131ndan kimileri.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk kent Mezopotamya ve \u0130ndus Vadisi\u2019nde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve nedense \u201ckent uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan\u201d s\u00f6z edilir. Bug\u00fcn bu uygarl\u0131k yerini kentsel anar\u015fiye b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tar\u0131m\u0131n art\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn vermesi kentin var olmas\u0131na neden olur. Kent tar\u0131m\u0131n art\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc pazarlar, yani k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn eme\u011fini pazarlar. Kav\u015fak olur, pazar olur, ticaretin merkezi olur ama hep eme\u011fin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7inir. Kentler kurulur, y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131r. Geli\u015fir ya da s\u00f6n\u00fcp gider. Dev bir kent bazen di\u011ferlerini yutar, etkisiz hale getirir.<\/p>\n

Antik kente ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131 Orta \u00c7a\u011f kentiyle gelir. Duvarlar\u0131n arkas\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Burjuvazi sanayi kentiyle geli\u015fir ve Orta \u00c7a\u011f kentini yutar. Marx-Engels i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n sanayi kentinde nas\u0131l s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131r. Sanayi kenti i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fudur. De\u011feri yaratan\u0131n vatan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kent s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik yoluyla ba\u015fka mekanlara da el atar ve bu mekanlar\u0131n do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve eme\u011fini s\u00f6m\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in buralarda kaynaklar\u0131 merkeze aktaran kentler kurar. Kent burada arac\u0131d\u0131r, menzildir ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7inin de mekan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini yitirmeyen kapitalist kent siyasi, ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve askeri iktidar\u0131n merkezidir. Kendi gereksinmelerine g\u00f6re \u00e7evre mekan\u0131 d\u00fczenler, \u00f6rg\u00fctler. Gecekondular\u0131, yedek i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yarat\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn kap\u0131lar\u0131nda umut pe\u015finde ko\u015fturur; h\u00e2l\u00e2 ta\u015f\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nd\u0131r. Kent ve sermayesi se\u00e7im yapar, istedi\u011fini al\u0131r. Di\u011ferleri denizlerde bo\u011fulur, yollarda insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>\n

Kent, e-kenttir art\u0131k. Elektronik, bili\u015fim sarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r her yan\u0131n\u0131. E-ticaret, e-emek, e-araba \u00e7\u0131kar ama sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmez, y\u0131\u011f\u0131larak artar.<\/p>\n

Kentte \u00f6nce y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma vard\u0131r, sonra yay\u0131lma yani geni\u015fleme. Hem n\u00fcfus a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, hem betonla\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan. K\u0131rsal toprak kentsel toprak olur ve kentsel rant ba\u015flar. \u00d6nemli olan bu rant\u0131n kentli halk ad\u0131na y\u00f6netimidir. Henry Lefebvre, David Harvey kentsel hakk\u0131 kentli ad\u0131na, kente sahip \u00e7\u0131kma ad\u0131na yeni liberal sistemin y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde savunurlar. Kent direni\u015fin, yeni ya\u015fam aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n simgesi olur.<\/p>\n

Kent ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n simgesidir. Teknolojinin, ilerlemenin merkezidir. Bilgi ve ileti\u015fimin merkezidir. Yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u0131\u015fsal ekonomilerle sanayinin \u00e7ekim merkezidir. Ki\u015fi anonimle\u015fir kentsel ya\u015famda. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015far ama derneklerle, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleriyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm arar yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa.<\/p>\n

Toplumbilimin kazan\u0131d\u0131r. Mimarinin sevgilisidir. Toplumsal ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n mekan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kentlile\u015fme kentle\u015fmeden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kentle\u015fen ama kentlile\u015femeyen bir d\u00fcnyada ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bu da kentsel d\u00fczeni etkiler. D\u00fczende r\u00fc\u015fvet, yolsuzlukla ilgilidir. Ka\u00e7ak kentler mantar gibi \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Artan kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, istekleriyle, sorunlar\u0131yla kent nereye evrilecektir? Bu geli\u015fimi nas\u0131l y\u00f6netmek gerekir? Sorumlularla, planc\u0131larla, kentliyle birlikte yeni bir kent, yeni bir toplum yaratma olanaklar\u0131 nas\u0131l yarat\u0131labilir? Ara\u00e7lar nedir? Kentin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu sisteme dokunmadan kentin kendisi de\u011fi\u015febilir mi? Sorular\u0131 dahada uzatabiliriz. Kentin yar\u0131n\u0131na ve yar\u0131n\u0131n kentine \u015f\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6z atarak yan\u0131t arayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Kentin yar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kentin yar\u0131n\u0131 parlak de\u011fil e\u011fer dizginleri elimize almazsak. Herhalde bu s\u00f6zler kentin ilk kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana s\u00f6yleniyor. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yar\u0131n\u0131yla ilgili.<\/p>\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 3\u2019\u00fc kentlerde ya\u015farken 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda 9 milyara ula\u015facak d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019i kentlerde ya da kent olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerle\u015fim yerlerinde ya\u015fayacak. Kent uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor. Giderek daha fazla n\u00fcfusu kendine \u00e7eken kentler her alanda yeni rekorlar k\u0131r\u0131yor. Gelece\u011fimiz kentlerde de ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z nas\u0131l olacak? Her g\u00fcn kentlere gelen insan say\u0131s\u0131 190 bin. Dev kentlere yeni isimler bulmakta zorlan\u0131yoruz: Metropol, megapol, tetrapol, b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir, mega\u015fehir\u2026 Dev megapoller daha \u00e7ok geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131madan b\u00fcy\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda kentler giderek daha fazla verimli topra\u011f\u0131 i\u015fgal edecek, do\u011fal alanlar\u0131 rant ile betona d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek. Her iki g\u00fcnde kentlerin i\u015fgal etti\u011fi alan Paris kentinin y\u00fczeyine e\u015fittir. Enerjinin y\u00fczde 80\u2019ini t\u00fcketecektir. Sera etkili gazlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 70\u2019i kent k\u00f6kenlidir. Hammaddelerin y\u00fczde 70\u2019ini kentler t\u00fcketecektir. Peki kent bu t\u00fcketimiyle hangi gelece\u011fe haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Hangi \u00fclke, hangi d\u00f6nem ve siyasi rejim ne olursa olsun de\u011fi\u015fmeyen kural \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti ikinci kentin iki kat n\u00fcfusuna sahiptir. Bu geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde daha fazla olup dev megapoller yarat\u0131r ve kentin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir s\u0131n\u0131r yoktur. B\u00fcy\u00fcr de b\u00fcy\u00fcr. \u0130stanbul\u2019un n\u00fcfusu bir yerde sabitle\u015fecek midir yoksa 30 milyona m\u0131 ula\u015facakt\u0131r? Dev kentlerin \u00e7o\u011fu geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerdedir ve sorunlar alt\u0131nda bo\u011fulmaktad\u0131r: New York, Tokyo d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki dev kentler Meksiko (Meksika), Cakarta (Endonezya), Manila (Filipinler), Sao Paulo (Brezilya) Delhi (Hindistan), Bombay (Hindistan), Hong-Kong (\u00c7in), Kahire\u2019dir (M\u0131s\u0131r). Ve \u0130stanbul\u2019dur. Do\u011fan Kuban \u201c\u0130stanbul \u00fclkeyi \u00e7\u00f6kertecek, kalk\u0131nmaya engel noktaya ula\u015ft\u0131\u201d derken megalopolisi anlat\u0131r. Bu kent, kapitalizmle n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7aresiz bir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme olup \u00e7are de bulunamayan fakir \u00fclke hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kentsel b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin en fazla oldu\u011fu k\u0131talar Afrika ve Asya\u2019d\u0131r. Afrika\u2019n\u0131n kentle\u015fmesi Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kentle\u015fti\u011fi y\u0131llara g\u00f6re ve kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re iki kat daha fazlad\u0131r. Kayna\u011f\u0131 da k\u0131rsal g\u00f6\u00e7ten \u00e7ok do\u011furganl\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131d\u0131r. 3-5 \u00e7ocuk demek daha fazla kentle\u015fme, daha fazla sefillik demektir.<\/p>\n

Gecekondularda ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 2 milyard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kentin matematiksel a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Bu Y=Y0+N beta olarak ifade edilir. Y, bir kentin etkinli\u011fini (\u00fcretim,al\u0131nan br\u00f6veler, su\u00e7 oran\u0131, kirlilik) tan\u0131mlayan sosyoekonomik bir veridir. N kentin n\u00fcfusudur. Y0 ve beta ise sabit de\u011ferlerdir (beta>1). Bu denkleme g\u00f6re, insanlar bir araya gelip y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131rken ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fim yarat\u0131rken; Y, yani sosyo-ekonomik miktarlar n\u00fcfusa (N) g\u00f6re daha daha h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fmektedir. Bu lineer de\u011fil, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 lineerdir. Sonu\u00e7ta matematik bir form\u00fcld\u00fcr. N\u00fcfusla a\u00e7\u0131klama getirir ama sefilli\u011fi, a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131, varo\u015flar\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamaz.<\/p>\n

Kentlerde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 25\u2019i yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ya\u015far. Kentle\u015fmenin en olumsuz y\u00f6nlerini ya\u015fayan bu kesim ucuz i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc deposudur da.<\/p>\n

Avrupa\u2019da n\u00fcfusun d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc k\u0131tan\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 15\u2019lik bir alan\u0131nda ya\u015far. Yo\u011funluk \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Delhi\u2019de ise \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle denizlerin y\u00fckselmesi s\u00f6z konusu olup deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki tehlike alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. OECD\u2019nin 136 liman kent \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re 40 milyon ki\u015fi tehlike alt\u0131nda olup maliyeti 3000 milyar dolard\u0131r. 2070 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu maliyet on kat artacakt\u0131r. Kim, nas\u0131l bu maliyeti kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r?<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli ve g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gereken nokta ise kentin yar\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkenin \u00fcretim ve m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ele al\u0131namayaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Evet, kentlerin ve kentsel ya\u015fam\u0131n gelece\u011fi pek i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. Bakal\u0131m yar\u0131n\u0131n kenti hakk\u0131nda neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131n\u0131n kenti<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yar\u0131n\u0131n kenti nas\u0131l olmal\u0131? S\u00fcr\u00fcp giden, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc zor sorunlarla bo\u011fu\u015fan kenti d\u00fczeltmek mi yoksa yeni bir kent, kentsel mekan yaratmak m\u0131? Yoksa kentin i\u00e7inde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumumu de\u011fi\u015ftirmek mi? Ve kimler i\u00e7in, kimin ad\u0131na? \u201c\u0130deal kent\u201d ya da \u201ckentopya\u201d hep insanlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Platon \u201cideal site\u201dden s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. Kent mekan\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131lc\u0131 hale getirmek i\u00e7in M.\u00d6.V.yy.da Milet kentin \u015fekil ve bi\u00e7imi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aristo politika adl\u0131 eserinde ideal kentten s\u00f6z eder. Roma iki eksene ve g\u00fcne\u015fe g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Thomas More\u2019un \u00dctopyas\u0131 bir kent de\u011fil midir? Thomas Campanella 1602\u2019de g\u00fcne\u015f sitesini, Francis Bacon Yeni Atlantis\u2019i 1627\u2019de d\u00fc\u015fler. Jean Bodin 1500\u2019de ideal sitenin hukuki yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 inceler. Fourier\u2019nin falanjlar\u0131 bir t\u00fcr ideal sitedir. 1879\u2019da Jules Verne bile ideal kentle ilgilenir ve France-ville\u2019i d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. 1898 \u2018de Ebenezer Howard bah\u00e7e-kent kavram\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131r. Sonra \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler yeni, ideal kenti tasarlamaya devam ederler: Corbusier, Niemeyer. Sanayi kentinden, g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden, ko\u015fturmas\u0131ndan, kirlili\u011finden kurtulma, insanl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n, yabanc\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bazen uygulamalar kentin kimi yerlerinde uyku kentleri yarat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ideal ya da yeni kent s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, \u00e7evreci, ye\u015fil, ekosemtli kentlerdir. Paul F.Downton \u201cekopolis\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 yarat\u0131r. Gelece\u011fin kenti hemen az karbon sal\u0131m\u0131yla tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi art\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fundan kentleri de etkiler. 1994\u2019te kabul edilen Aalborg s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (Danimarka) s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kenti dile getirir. \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin g\u00fcneyinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kentte, Totnes\u2019de 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda temeli at\u0131lan \u201cGe\u00e7i\u015f halinde kentler\u201din say\u0131s\u0131 400\u2019e ula\u015f\u0131r ve fosil yak\u0131tlara ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 getirilen bir yerel ve vatanda\u015f yan\u0131t\u0131 olup dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerine kuruludur. \u201c Yava\u015f kent\u201d kavram\u0131 da buna benzer. Ula\u015f\u0131mdan konuta, \u00e7\u00f6p ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmden kirlili\u011fe, bo\u015f zamandan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa, yenilenebilir enerjiden kentsel \u00e7iftliklere, yerel para biriminden ye\u015fil alana, bisiklet yollar\u0131ndan yerel ticarete kadar her \u015fey \u00e7evreci \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerle de\u011ferlendirilir. \u00c7evreyi ve insan\u0131 koruyan, temiz bir \u00e7evreyi temiz ve yenilenebilir enerjilerle sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan toplumsal ili\u015fkilerden k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkinliklere, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilikten topra\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131na kadar ekolojik kent\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan bir kent yarat\u0131lmak istenir. Bu konuda deneyimler de yok de\u011fildir. \u00c7in \u015eangay\u2019a birka\u00e7 kilometre uzakta ilk \u00e7evreci kenti olan Dongtan\u2019\u0131 in\u015fa etmektedir. 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda 500 bin ki\u015fi 3000 hektarl\u0131k bir alanda ya\u015fayacak ama g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar enerjisiyle ye\u015fil bir \u00e7evrede. \u201cMaliyeti 1,3 milyar dolar\u201d deniliyor ama bunu 10 kat a\u015faca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. G\u00fcney Kore\u2019de b\u00f6yle bir kentin pe\u015finde: 250 bin ki\u015filik SangdoCity. \u00d6zelli\u011fi bili\u015fimin kent ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n her yerinde olmas\u0131. Maliyeti 25 milyar dolar! Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnek ekosemt ile ilgili olarak Londra\u2019n\u0131n BedZed semtidir. Enerji izi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ama konutlar ortalama konut fiyat\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 20 \u00fcst\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7evre ile ilgili al\u0131nan her \u00f6nlem sonras\u0131 kentler hemen kendilerini \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir\u201d, \u201cekolojik\u201d kent ilan edebilmektedir. Nas\u0131l ekolojk kent olunur sorusunun kesin bir yan\u0131t\u0131 var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Yar\u0131n\u0131n kentinde \u00e7evreci \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler ile toplumsal \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkile\u015fimi i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r, sadece \u00e7evresel ya da ekolojik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctler yeterli de\u011fildir. Sadece \u00e7evreci oldu\u011funda ise varl\u0131kl\u0131 kesimin yarar\u0131na geli\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7evreci kentler ya da semtler nedense hep varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin hizmetinde. Kent i\u00e7inde hep kimi \u00f6zel konut adac\u0131klar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur: Korumal\u0131, bah\u00e7eli, havuzlu, kent g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden ve gecekondudan uzak. Varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filere y\u00f6nelik. \u00c7evreci kentler \u00e7evreyi \u00f6n d\u00fczleme \u00e7\u0131karsa da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 y\u00f6netimden de az \u00e7ok s\u00f6z ederler. Yar\u0131n\u0131n kenti nedense kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131, halk\u00e7\u0131, dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, \u00f6zy\u00f6netimci olarak ge\u00e7mez ya da ge\u00e7se de arka d\u00fczlemde yer al\u0131r. Oysa kentli; ya\u015fl\u0131 ya da gen\u00e7 olsun, engelli ya da \u00fccretli olsun ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kendi ele almal\u0131 ve b\u00f6lge planlamas\u0131 i\u00e7inde kent planlamas\u0131yla kente egemen olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kent kimli\u011fini yitirmemelidir. Sadece \u00f6rnek bir yar\u0131n\u0131n kenti in\u015fa etmekle de kentle\u015fmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlara \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm aramak bo\u015funad\u0131r. \u00dclke d\u00fczeyinde ulusal ve b\u00f6lgesel planlarla, yerel y\u00f6netimin deste\u011fi ve kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\nActuenvironnement.com;lyoncapitale.fr\/les enjeux de la ville de demain;place-publique.fr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00c7evreci kentler ya da semtler nedense hep varl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filerin hizmetinde. Kent i\u00e7inde…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[3268,3270,3269,3271],"class_list":{"0":"post-22608","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-ekolojik-kentker","9":"tag-kentin-yarini","10":"tag-kentler","11":"tag-yarinin-kentleri"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22608"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22608\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22608"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}