{"id":228,"date":"2008-07-04T08:19:20","date_gmt":"2008-07-04T05:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=228"},"modified":"2019-01-28T21:01:36","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T18:01:36","slug":"elektrik-enerjisinde-politikaszln-politikas-mustafa-kadolu-hamza-koc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/elektrik-enerjisinde-politikaszln-politikas-mustafa-kadolu-hamza-koc\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektrik enerjisinde politikas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n politikas\u0131 – Mustafa Kad\u0131o\u011flu \/ Hamza Ko\u00e7"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektrik enerjisinde politikas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n politikas\u0131 – 1 –<\/span><\/font><\/strong><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elektrik kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlere ve yerli ortaklar\u0131na aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

Elektrik \u00fczerinden yasal soygun yap\u0131l\u0131yor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda 190 milyar kilovat saat (kWh) elektrik enerjisi t\u00fcketime sunulmu\u015ftur. Bu t\u00fcketim br\u00fct t\u00fcketim olup \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm elektrik enerjisi t\u00fcketimlerini kapsamaktad\u0131r. Elektrik do\u011fada kendili\u011finden var olan bir enerji t\u00fcr\u00fc de\u011fildir. (Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mlar hari\u00e7!) Biz onu di\u011fer enerji t\u00fcrlerini de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekillerde d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek elde ederiz. Elektrik elde etmede kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kaynaklara B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130L KAYNAKLAR denir. \u00dclkemizde \u00fcretilen, elektrik enerjisinin birincil kaynak olarak su, k\u00f6m\u00fcr (linyit, ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc), do\u011fal gaz, s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t (motorin, fuel oil vs), jeotermal, r\u00fczgar vs. da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo-1\u2019de verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2007 y\u0131l\u0131na ili\u015fkin veriler hen\u00fcz yay\u0131nlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn ve \u00fcretimin birincil kaynaklara da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili bilgiler 2006 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re elektrik t\u00fcketimindeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u00fczde 8 kabul edersek, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcketilen enerjinin de\u011ferini 190 milyar kWh olarak buluruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretimindeki birincil kaynaklar incelendi\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir ki \u00fclkemizde elektrik \u00fcretimi, ba\u015fl\u0131ca do\u011fal gaz ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr (linyit-ta\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc-ithal k\u00f6m\u00fcr) olmak \u00fczere termik ve hidroliktir. Di\u011fer birincil kaynaklar\u0131n aras\u0131nda yer alan yenilenebilir \u00f6zellikli r\u00fczgar, jeotermal, bioyak\u0131t, vs. oransal olarak \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Bu kaynaklardan elektrik \u00fcretmenin maliyetleri incelendi\u011finde, \u015f\u00f6yle bir tablo ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r\u0131z. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo-2\u2019de kWh ba\u015f\u0131na 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen birincil kaynaklardan elektrik \u00fcretim maliyetleri g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde \u00fcretilen ve t\u00fcketime sunulan elektrik enerjisinin y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyeti yakla\u015f\u0131k 4.8 milyar dolard\u0131r. Enerjinin maliyet de\u011feri bu civarda olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu miktarda enerjiye \u00fclkemizin \u00f6dedi\u011fi miktar bunun \u00e7ok \u00e7ok \u00fczerindedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Enerji vazge\u00e7ilmezdir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilmesi bile di\u011fer enerji t\u00fcrlerinin yan\u0131nda elektrik enerjisine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bu ger\u00e7ek herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinir ve kabul edilir. Bu nedenle kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, t\u00fcketilmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan, zorunlu olan, bu y\u00fczden de kamu yarar\u0131 niteli\u011finin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gereken b\u00f6yle bir \u201c\u00fcr\u00fcn\u201d, \u201cmal\u201d, \u201chizmet\u201d (ad\u0131na ne denirse densin) her a\u015famas\u0131nda kamu denetiminde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Piyasan\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fine b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde planl\u0131 d\u00f6nemler boyunca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck istisnalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (\u00c7EA\u015e, KEPEZ, Otoprod\u00fckt\u00f6r vs.) kamu m\u00fclkiyetinde bir elektrik sistemi i\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum T\u00fcrkiye Elektrik Kurumu\u2019nun (TEK) kurulmas\u0131yla daha merkezi bir yap\u0131ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bundan sonra geli\u015fmeler daha da h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamu eliyle, merkezi bir planlamaya dayanan yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla kurulan tesislerin i\u015fletmesi de yine kamu eliyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve maliyetleri de \u00e7o\u011funlukla sistemin gereklerine uygun olarak t\u00fcketicilere yans\u0131t\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ancak 1983 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan elektrik enerjisindeki \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme uygulamas\u0131yla elektrik enerjisi alan\u0131 da \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ya\u011fmas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle \u00fcretimdeki kamu tekeli k\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re k\u00e2r ama\u00e7l\u0131 santral kurma ve i\u015fletme izni verilmi\u015ftir. Y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrecek Anayasa tadilat\u0131 dahil yasal d\u00fczenlemeler sonucunda gelinen noktada, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00fcretimdeki pay\u0131 kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki tablo-2\u2019de elektrik enerjisinin bu \u00fclkeye maliyeti verilmi\u015ftir. Ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu maliyete kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6denen bedel bu de\u011fildir. Bunun \u00e7ok \u00fczerindedir! A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi aradaki korkun\u00e7 denebilecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck fark, bu \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan ve elektrik enerjisi t\u00fcketen her vatanda\u015ftan al\u0131nan ve bu yetmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in genel b\u00fct\u00e7eden de kaynak aktar\u0131larak (s\u00fcbvanse edilerek), enerji t\u00fcketmeyenlerden de al\u0131narak kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Bunun di\u011fer anlam\u0131, elektrik enerjisi kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir miktar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlere ve onlar\u0131n yerli ortaklar\u0131na aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunun ad\u0131 soygundur. Ama yasal soygun!..<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Enerji Piyasas\u0131 Yasas\u0131 ile mevzuat alan\u0131 uygun hale getirilerek ve Enerji Piyasas\u0131 D\u00fczenleme Kurulu (EPDK) eliyle, ilgili kurulu\u015flara ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla da yabanc\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fman \u015firketlere haz\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterilen, asl\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 dayatmalar\u0131 olan y\u00f6netmelik, y\u00f6nerge, tebli\u011f vs. mevzuat d\u00fczenlemeleriyle enerji alan\u0131 tam olarak bir P\u0130YASA haline getirilmi\u015ftir!<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fin \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc taraf\u0131, genelde \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme uygulamalar\u0131nda rastlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fta \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc yap\u0131lar, s\u00fcreci d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan izlemi\u015f; gerekli tepkileri zaman\u0131nda ve gereken donan\u0131mda \u00f6rg\u00fctleyip (hem hukuki hem de \u00f6rg\u00fctsel tepkilerle) vermeyerek, s\u00fcrecin me\u015frula\u015fmas\u0131na istemeyerek de olsa katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

10 sentlik elektrik hayal<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

En son TE\u0130A\u015e b\u00fcnyesinde kurulan Elektrik Piyasa Dengeleme ve Mali Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, iki \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak sistemin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak Elektrik Enerjisi Dengeleme ve Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019ni 2006 Temmuz vakas\u0131ndan hemen sonra uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu sistem, sermaye a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6yle k\u00e2rl\u0131 olabilmi\u015ftir ki, daha \u00f6nce devlete fahi\u015f fiyattan elektrik satt\u0131klar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u00e7ok ele\u015ftirilen; 20-25 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle enerji sat\u0131\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yapan Yap \u0130\u015flet Devret (Y\u0130D), Yap \u0130\u015flet (Y\u0130), \u0130\u015fletme Hakk\u0131 Devri (\u0130HD) gibi modellerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u015firketler, \u00e7ok masum hale gelebilmi\u015flerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k devlet i\u00e7in \u00f6yle 6 sent, 8 sent, hatta 10 sente elektrik sat\u0131n almak hayal olmu\u015f, ortalama 12-15 sentten al\u0131nan elektri\u011fe bile \u201cidare eder\u201d g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bak\u0131l\u0131r hale gelinmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo-3\u2019de 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde \u00fcretilen enerjinin \u00fcretim \u015firketlerinin sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden maliyetleri incelenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Y\u0130D, Y\u0130, \u0130HD, Otoprod\u00fckt\u00f6r, Serbest \u00dcretim \u015eirketi vs. \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r santrallerinde \u00fcretilen elektrik fiyatlar\u0131 incelenerek t\u00fcketilen 190 milyar kWh enerjinin toplam maliyetine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve tablo-2 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130ki tablo (tablo-2 ve tablo-3) toplam maliyetleri aras\u0131ndaki fark i\u00e7in denilebilir ki; bu \u00fclkedeki elektrik enerjisi \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lan soygun budur!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tablo-2\u2019deki toplam maliyet 4.8 milyar dolar; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k tablo-3\u2019deki toplam maliyet 13.1 milyar dolar. Bu say\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki fark, 13.1-4.8=8.3 milyar dolard\u0131r. Yani tam\u0131 tam\u0131na 8 milyar dolar. 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda elektrik enerjisi \u00fcretimi \u00fczerinden \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re aktar\u0131lan kaynak 8 milyar dolard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu 8 milyar dolarl\u0131k art\u0131 de\u011fer sadece elektrik enerjisi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131larak bu \u00fclke insanlar\u0131ndan, uydurulmu\u015f yasalarla yasal hale getirilerek hortumlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r! Bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki soygun yetmemi\u015f ve \u00e7e\u015fitli bi\u00e7imlerde \u201cmanip\u00fclasyonlarla\u201d PMUM kullan\u0131larak soygun katmerlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bunda da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Teknik olarak \u00fclkemizde elektrik sisteminin i\u015fleyi\u015fi k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir: Kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 40 bin MW olan irili ufakl\u0131 y\u00fczlerce santralin ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve ad\u0131na \u201centerkonnekte sistem\u201d denilen bir sistem vard\u0131r. Bu sistemde santrallerde \u00fcretilen elektrik iletim hatlar\u0131, trafo merkezleri ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m hatlar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak t\u00fcketicilere ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Elektrik hen\u00fcz enterkonnekte sistem ortam\u0131nda depolanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcretildi\u011fi anda t\u00fcketilmelidir, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle; t\u00fcketicilerin ne kadar elektri\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 varsa o kadar elektrik \u00fcretilmelidir. Bu \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen \u00fcretim-t\u00fcketim dengesine frekans kontrol\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu denge sadece t\u00fcketimin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda teknik olarak sistemin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da gerekli ve \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

TABLO 1 : 2006 YILI KURULU G\u00dc\u00c7 VE \u00dcRET\u0130MLER<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Birincil Kaynak<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kurulu G\u00fc\u00e7 (MW)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretim(Milyon kWh)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretim Oran\u0131(%)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1986,0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14216,6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7,9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0130thal K\u00f6m\u00fcr<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1651,0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Linyit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6569,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32432,9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

18,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Fuel Oil<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2123,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4232,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Motorin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

251,9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57,7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,03<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Nafta<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,02<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Do\u011fal Gaz<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

11462,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

80691,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Yenilenebilir<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

41,0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

154,0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,08<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00c7ok Yak\u0131tl\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3323,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

TERM\u0130K TOPLAM<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27420,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

131835,1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

74,7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hidrolik<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13062,7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

44464,7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25,3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Jeotermal+R\u00fczgar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

81,9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

TOPLAM<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40564,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

176,299,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

kaynak TE\u0130A\u015e Internet sitesi<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

TABLO 2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Birincil Kaynak<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Maliyet (cent\/kWh)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretim Oran\u0131 (%)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretim (Milyar kWh)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretim Maliyeti (miyar dolar)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Do\u011fal Gaz<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

95<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hidrolik<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

47,5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,047<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

K\u00f6m\u00fcr<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

20<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,76<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Di\u011fer<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

9,5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Toplam<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

190<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

TABLO 3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Modeli<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Birim Maliyeti (cent\/kWh)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00dcretimi (milyar kWh)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Maliyeti (milyar dolar)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

YID<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

YI<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

IHD<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

0,3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

E\u00dcA\u015e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

80<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

PMUM<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

34<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4,4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Toplam<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

190<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13,1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elektrik enerjisinde politikas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n politikas\u0131 – 2 <\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/h1>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektrik enerjisinde de planlama ve t\u00fcketim tahminleri di\u011fer gereksinimlerde oldu\u011fu gibi geli\u015fig\u00fczel yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n elektrik \u015firketlerince adeta soyulmas\u0131na seyirci kal\u0131n\u0131yor<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dcretim plan\u0131 geli\u015fig\u00fczel yap\u0131l\u0131yor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00dcretim-t\u00fcketim (arz-talep) dengesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 yap\u0131lan bir dizi i\u015flemin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00f6n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da zorunlu k\u0131lar. Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bunlar\u0131 incelersek:<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1-\u00dclkemizdeki ekonomik, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fmi\u015flik ve ko\u015fullar dikkate al\u0131narak, esas olarak Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 (DPT) taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan planlama \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7e\u015fitli etkenler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak uzun d\u00f6nem y\u0131ll\u0131k talep tahminleri yap\u0131l\u0131r. (\u0130\u015fin bilimsel yan\u0131 b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fclkemizde uzun y\u0131llardan beri planlama bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan elektrik enerjisinde de planlama ve t\u00fcketim tahminleri di\u011fer gereksinimlerde oldu\u011fu gibi geli\u015fig\u00fczel haz\u0131rlanmaktad\u0131r.)<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2-Y\u0131ll\u0131k talep tahminleri baz al\u0131narak ayl\u0131k t\u00fcketim tahminleri haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3-Ayl\u0131k tahminlerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak g\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u00fcketim tahminleri yap\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u00fcketim tahminlerine esas verileri olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gereken ve ilgili y\u00f6netmeliklerde de bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m B\u00f6lgelerinin t\u00fcketimlerinin belirlenmesi hen\u00fcz yap\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Elektrik Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m A.\u015e.(TEDA\u015e)\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 Elektrik Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u015eirketleri \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmeyi bekledikleri i\u00e7in asli i\u015flerini yapamaz noktaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklenmi\u015flerdir. TEDA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sisteminin enerji talebi haz\u0131rlanacak ve bu talep ile \u201c\u00f6zel t\u00fcketici\u201d denilen b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00fcketicilerin talepleri birle\u015ftirilerek toplam talebe ula\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4-G\u00fcnl\u00fck t\u00fcketim tahminleri g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki talep de\u011fi\u015fimleri dikkate al\u0131narak saatlik \u015fekilde \u00e7izelgelere d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bir \u00f6nceki g\u00fcn internet \u00fczerinden ilgililere duyurulur.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

5-Konunun muhataplar\u0131 (elektrik \u00fcretim \u015firketleri, elektrik ticaret \u015firketleri vs) saatlik t\u00fcketim tahminlerine ve kendi \u00f6zel durumlar\u0131na uygun olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gereken bu saatlik talep i\u00e7in kendi arz miktarlar\u0131n\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131yla birlikte bildirirler.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6-Toplanan arz miktarlar\u0131; talebin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, fiyat\u0131, enterkonnekte sistemin ko\u015fullar\u0131, varsa b\u00f6lgesel, y\u00f6resel teknik sorunlar, hem iletim hem de da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemindeki yap\u0131lacak programl\u0131 bak\u0131mlar, \u201cdi\u011fer zorunluluklar\u201d vs dikkate al\u0131narak ve belli bir \u00f6nem s\u0131ras\u0131na dizilerek tahminde bulunulan talep miktarlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131ncaya kadar al\u0131nmas\u0131 suretiyle \u00fcretim program\u0131na dahil edilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

7-Saatlik olarak sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na karar verilen \u00fcretimleri ucuzdan pahal\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u0131ralayarak, \u00f6nceden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerek duyurulan saatlik t\u00fcketim tahmin de\u011ferine ula\u015f\u0131nca liste doldurulur. B\u00f6ylece bulunan fiyat o saat i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f fiyat olup o saat i\u00e7in \u00fcretim yapacak t\u00fcm santralar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

8-Bu y\u00f6ntemle olu\u015fturulan liste kesinle\u015ftirilip g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fcretim plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. Haz\u0131rlanan bu liste ayn\u0131 zamanda o listede yer alan \u00fcretim \u015firketleri i\u00e7in \u00fcretim taahh\u00fcd\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

9-Her hangi bir nedenle (\u00fcretim tesisinde ar\u0131za, iletim tesisinde ar\u0131za v.b.) \u00fcretim \u015firketleri taahh\u00fct ettikleri \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremezlerse onlar\u0131n yerine di\u011fer ba\u015fka santrallerden fazla \u00fcretim yapt\u0131r\u0131lmak veya ba\u015fka \u00fcretim tesislerini devreye almak suretiyle ek \u00fcretim yapt\u0131r\u0131larak sistem dengesi sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

10-Bir \u00fcretim tesisi i\u00e7in \u00fcretim program\u0131 verilmeyip ama istenirse \u00fcretim yap\u0131labilece\u011fi (emre amadelik) bildiriliyorsa bunun anlam\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ihtiya\u00e7 olursa ve o santrale \u00fcretim yapt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00fcretimin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak o saat i\u00e7in olu\u015fan fiyattan ba\u015fka ve o fiyata ek olarak daha \u00f6nce belirlenen \u201cemre amadelik\u201d \u00fccreti de \u00f6denir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

11-Bunlara ilave olarak b\u00f6lgesel veya daha dar kapsaml\u0131 olmak \u00fczere y\u00f6resel anlamda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Genel anlamda k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k \u201cbir b\u00f6lgede herhangi bir nedenle iletim, \u00fcretim veya da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m darbo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131\u201d demektir. Olu\u015fan darbo\u011fazlar o b\u00f6lgedeki t\u00fcketicilerin elektrik enerjisine ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 engeller, bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak istenmeyen kesintiler ya\u015fan\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcrden kesintileri \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla \u201ck\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k analizleri\u201d yap\u0131larak e\u011fer varsa o b\u00f6lgelerdeki santralara, daha pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131na ve normal ko\u015fullarda talebin kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7izelgelerde yer almamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n \u00fcretim yapt\u0131r\u0131larak pahal\u0131 fiyata bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n enerji al\u0131n\u0131r. Ancak her nas\u0131lsa olu\u015fan veya olu\u015fabilecek k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131klardan o b\u00f6lgelerdeki santral y\u00f6neticilerinin haberleri olur. Bunun do\u011fal sonucu olarak da o santraller i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen fiyatlar \u00e7ok fazla olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

12-K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi bir b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici bir durumdur ve y\u0131lda birka\u00e7 defa ancak olu\u015fmas\u0131 beklenir. Fakat \u00fclkemizde bu uygulama elektrik \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in bir f\u0131rsat olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finden nerdeyse s\u00fcreklilik kazanm\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131l\u0131k durumlar\u0131 s\u0131radan normal bir i\u015fletme ko\u015fuluna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece istisnai durumlar genelle\u015ftirilerek ola\u011fan\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde karlar edinilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

13-Baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00fclke genelinde arzda sorunlar ya\u015fanabilir. Bunun i\u00e7in en iyi \u00f6rnek genellikle k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan do\u011fal gaz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fcretimlerdeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015flerin oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlerdir. \u00dclke genelinde e\u011fer varsa do\u011fal gaz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu herkes bilmekte ve \u00fcretici \u015firketler bunu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc k\u00e2rl\u0131 d\u00f6nemler olarak kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131rlar. S\u00f6z birli\u011fi etmi\u015f\u00e7esine t\u00fcm \u015firketlerin \u00fcretim ve di\u011fer fiyatlar\u0131 birden yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru f\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. Burada EPDK\u2019n\u0131n \u00fclke \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 ad\u0131na devreye girmesi beklenir. Ama b\u00f6yle olmamakta, ko\u015fullar ne kadar ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc olursa olsun, soygun ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcrse b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcn kimsenin akl\u0131na \u00f6nlem almak gelmemekte, \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n elektrik \u015firketlerince soyulmas\u0131na adeta seyirci kal\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Bu yetmezmi\u015f gibi gizli olmas\u0131 gereken enterkonnekte sistem ile ilgili \u201cpiyasay\u0131 etkileyebilecek baz\u0131 bilgiler\u201d her nas\u0131lsa \u00fcretici \u015firketlerce biliniyor olsa gerekir ki fiyatlar b\u00f6ylesine de\u011fi\u015fken olabilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elektrik enerjisinde politikas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n politikas\u0131 3<\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00d6zel sermaye enerjiye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131yor<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu durumun sak\u0131ncalar\u0131 sadece elektrik enerjisi \u00fczerinden \u00fclkenin soyulmas\u0131 de\u011fildir. En az bunun kadar belki daha da \u00f6nemli bir di\u011fer sak\u0131ncas\u0131 ise \u00fclkemiz elektrik sistemini bir \u00e7\u0131kmaza do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklemesidir. Elektrik sisteminin durumu bu haliyle bir s\u00fcre daha devam edecekse e\u011fer sistemin kilitlenmesi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz hale gelmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dclkemiz elektrik enerjisi sistemi yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken ve iletim hari\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devredilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken hep \u201cpiyasa en iyisini bilir ve yapar\u201d mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna dayanarak da \u00fclkemiz ekonomisinin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi, geli\u015fmesine paralel olarak \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r eliyle enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ancak birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k uygulama g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir ki durum hi\u00e7 de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi geli\u015fmemektedir. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r ilk kurulum maliyeti hayli fazla olan yeni santral kurma yerine var olanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ayr\u0131cal\u0131klarla al\u0131p i\u015fletme e\u011filimindedir. Elektrik \u00fcretim santralleri i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 sistemde arz b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sistemin ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 (sistem yede\u011fini artt\u0131rmayacak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte) rahat\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131layacak d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kartmamaya \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem g\u00f6sterdi\u011fine tan\u0131k olunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n, birincil kaynak olarak \u00fclke \u00f6z kaynaklar\u0131na dayanmas\u0131, d\u0131\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6nde olmas\u0131, yeni ve yenilenebilir kaynaklara dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7evreye duyarl\u0131 olmas\u0131 gibi son derece yerinde ve gerekli beklentilerin kar\u015f\u0131lanamamas\u0131 bir yana \u00fclke toplam kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yani \u00fcretim kapasitesini yeterli d\u00fczeyde artt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmamas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6yle yap\u0131la gelmi\u015ftir ki PMUM i\u015fleyi\u015fine g\u00f6re yeterli arz fazlas\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman olu\u015fmamakta dolay\u0131s\u0131yla fiyatlar s\u00fcrekli \u00e7ok yukar\u0131larda seyretmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 tane yeni santral\u0131n pe\u015f pe\u015fe devreye girmesi gibi istinai durumlarda da E\u00dcA\u015e gibi kamuya ait santrallardan yeteri kadar\u0131 \u201ctesad\u00fcfen\u201d ya ar\u0131zalanmakta veya revizyon, rehabilitasyon gibi uzun s\u00fcreli duru\u015flara sokulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Arz kapasitesinin yetersizli\u011fi durumu enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kamu ad\u0131na \u201cy\u00f6netenler\u201d \u00fczerinde \u00f6yle yo\u011fun bask\u0131lar olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r ki; EPDK\u2019dan yeni \u00fcretim lisans\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f toplam b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc onbinlerce MW olan tesisler kurulmamakta, kurulup i\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in akla hayale gelmeyecek \u00e7e\u015fitli ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar, te\u015fvikler, krediler, taahh\u00fctler istenmekte ve bunun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi amac\u0131yla yo\u011fun pazarl\u0131klar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. EPDK bir yandan s\u00fcrekli lisans verirken bir yandan da deneme yan\u0131lma usul\u00fc s\u00fcrekli mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri o kadar \u00e7ok ve o kadar h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r ki her hangi bir zaman dilimi i\u00e7in veya \u201c\u015fimdi\u201d i\u00e7in yasal mevzuat nedir sorusu genellikle cevapland\u0131r\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan bu yasal mevzuat de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri de g\u00f6stermektedir ki EPDK \u00fclkemiz ger\u00e7eklerine uygun bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n sonucu elde edilen verilere dayanarak mevzuat haz\u0131rlamak yerine geli\u015fig\u00fczel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmakta, sonra da uygulamadaki sorunlar a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k\u00e7a o sorunlar\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli mevzuatla oynamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle olunca da \u201cmevzuat haz\u0131rlanm\u0131yor, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019nca dayat\u0131lan mevzuat \u00e7evirileri yap\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d ele\u015ftirileri hakl\u0131l\u0131k kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Alttaki tablo:4\u2019te EPDK taraf\u0131ndan lisans verilip in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f santrallerle ilgili kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 ve proje \u00fcretim kapasiteleri verilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu tablo (tablo:4) Ocak 2008 verileri olup, EPDK internet sitesindeki in\u015fas\u0131 devam eden santraller listesinden derlenmi\u015ftir. Bu tabloya veri dayana\u011f\u0131 olan EPDK listesinde ayr\u0131ca bu santrallerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilme oranlar\u0131 da y\u00fczde olarak yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme oranlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00fczde 2 ile y\u00fczde 5 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kamu \u015firketlerine ait olan birka\u00e7 santral\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 50 \u00fczerindedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fc 28 000 MW olan termik ve 13 000 MW olan hidrolik ile oransal olarak \u00e7ok az da r\u00fczgar ve jeotermal enerji santralleri vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hidrolik santrallerin y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00fcretim kapasitesi ortalama gelen su miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 35 milyar kWh ve termik santrallerin \u00fcretim kapasitesi y\u0131ll\u0131k 7800 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 218 milyar kWh\u2019tir. \u00dclkemizin toplam \u00fcretim kapasitesi y\u0131ll\u0131k 218 + 35 = 253 milyar kWh\u2019tir. Tablo:4\u2019teki \u00fcretim kapasitesi bu de\u011fere eklendi\u011finde yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem toplam \u00fcretim kapasitesi = 332 milyar kWh olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizin ekonomik ko\u015fullar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, d\u00fcnya ekonomilerindeki beklenen krizler g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmeden elimizdeki bu 332 milyar kWh \u00fcretim kapasitesi, elektrik enerjisi t\u00fcketimindeki y\u0131ll\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar y\u00fczde 7 kabul edildi\u011finde bile 2015 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar t\u00fcketimi kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek durumdad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00dcretim y\u00f6n\u00fcnden durum budur ve bu haliyle bile ortada \u201cpanikleyecek\u201d ko\u015fullar yoktur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tablo ile yeni haz\u0131rlanan yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 (te\u015fvik yasas\u0131) birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde bu santrallerin neden tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sistemin dengesi veya \u201cdengesizli\u011fi\u201d \u00f6yle bir k\u0131r\u0131lgan noktada tutulmaktad\u0131r ki hem PMUM\u2019da olu\u015fan fiyatlar \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok cazip olmakta hem yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mlar i\u00e7in pazarl\u0131k zemini yarat\u0131lmakta ve hem de uluslararas\u0131 sermayenin n\u00fckleer santral dayatmas\u0131na gerek\u00e7e olu\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0130zmir \u00c7e\u015fme Ala\u00e7at\u0131\u2019daki ilk r\u00fczgar santrali devreye gireli neredeyse 10 y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur. O g\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne kadar \u00fclkemizdeki r\u00fczgar santrallerinin g\u00fcc\u00fc topu topu 150 MW\u2019a \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Almanya\u2019da 1000 MW\u2019tan 14000 MW\u2019a \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funa dikkat edersek anlat\u0131lmak istenen daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131labilecektir. Y\u0131llard\u0131r r\u00fczgar santral\u0131 kurmak isteyen \u015firketlerle devlet aras\u0131ndaki \u201cte\u015fvik\u201d pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu konuda dikkate de\u011fer bir geli\u015fme sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli olan elektrik enerjisinin temini i\u00e7in:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*Elektrik \u00fcretim, iletim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m planlama, tesis, i\u015fletme olmak \u00fczere tek elden kamu vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yapacak merkezi bir kurum hedeflenmelidir. (Yani tek ba\u015fl\u0131 bir sistem, kamu tekeline ge\u00e7ilmelidir.)<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u00c7evre ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferler g\u00f6zetilerek \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. \u00dclke kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yetersizli\u011finde \u00e7oklu kayna\u011fa \u00e7oklu \u00fclkeye dayal\u0131 enerji ithalat\u0131na gidilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Serbest piyasa ve rekabet\u00e7ilik ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda dayat\u0131lan \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme uygulamalar\u0131 ile ta\u015feron uygulamalar\u0131 sonland\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Uluslararas\u0131 tahkim ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere enerji yasal mevzuat\u0131 amaca uygun hale getirmekle birlikte EPDK ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7ok ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa son verilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Yetkili personelden ba\u015flayarak yetkinli\u011fe \u00f6nem verilerek t\u00fcm personelin \u201ce\u015fit i\u015fe e\u015fit \u00fccret\u201d ilkesiyle \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zendirilmesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc yap\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00f6netimlerde s\u00f6z sahibi olmas\u0131n\u0131n kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Enerji verimlili\u011finin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi amac\u0131yla makyaj yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n yerine sistemi iyile\u015ftirici, \u00fcretimi geli\u015ftirici yat\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ncelik haline getirilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u00d6zelle\u015ftirmeye kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lar istemeyerek de olsa s\u00f6ylemlerini sermaye s\u00f6ylemlerini besleyen konumdan \u00e7\u0131kmal\u0131d\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

*N\u00fckleer teknoloji ile n\u00fckleer santral yap\u0131lmas\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131 ve n\u00fckleer santral yap\u0131m\u0131 kararlar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Elektrik enerjisinde politikas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n politikas\u0131 4<\/span><\/strong><\/font><\/h1>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yeni bir uygulamaya ge\u00e7i\u015f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Enerjide soygunun devam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sistem b\u0131\u00e7ak s\u0131rt\u0131nda bir dengede tutulmaktad\u0131r. Soygunun devam\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sistemde yer alan t\u00fcm kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimleri (Bakanl\u0131k dahil) tamamen \u201cs\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci\u201d anlay\u0131\u015fa teslim olmu\u015f ki\u015filere b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu nedenledir ki:<\/span><\/p>\n

# DS\u0130\u2019nin yat\u0131r\u0131m program\u0131nda yer almas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n tamamlanamay\u0131p i\u015fletmeye al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f onlarca, y\u00fczlerce irili ufakl\u0131 hidrolik santral vard\u0131r. DS\u0130\u2019nin bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlayamay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki tek engel olarak g\u00f6sterilen \u201ckaynak yok\u201d gerek\u00e7esi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yaland\u0131r. Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yarat\u0131lan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kayna\u011f\u0131n \u00f6zel \u015firketlere aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131daki tablolarda g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Yata\u011fan Termik Santral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma tesisleri bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc tamamlanam\u0131yor, baca gaz\u0131 ar\u0131tma tesisi olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak hem gerekti\u011finde durdurulmas\u0131 sa\u011flanabiliyor ve hem de y\u00f6re halk\u0131 \u00fczerinde bir bask\u0131 arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labiliyor<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Sadece y\u00f6neticilerin \u201cbeceriksizli\u011fi\u201d y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Gezende Santrali 15 – 16 ay boyunca hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 milyon kWh enerji kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 su, suyun potansiyel enerjisi elektrik enerjisine \u00e7evrilmeden Silifke\u2019den denize ak\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle yeterli kapasitede \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayan Elbistan\u2019da kurulu 1400 MW g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki termik santralin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131p, inad\u0131na yapar gibi yan\u0131na bir 1400 MW\u2019l\u0131k santral daha kurup (1 milyar dolardan fazla para harcayarak), bu santralide k\u00f6m\u00fcr yoklu\u011fundan, havalar\u0131n so\u011fumas\u0131yla var olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr de dondu\u011fundan, hadi k\u00f6m\u00fcr sorunu a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131 diyelim bu kez de so\u011futma suyu yoklu\u011fundan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramayarak b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya rezil olunmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# \u00dclkemiz iletim sisteminde her y\u0131l her birinin maliyeti birka\u00e7 milyon dolar olan onlarca trafo yanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Yasalarla TE\u0130A\u015e\u2019a verilmi\u015f g\u00f6rev olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n iletim sistemindeki gerekli yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve iyile\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan y\u0131l\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerinde iletim sistemindeki yetersizliklerden dolay\u0131 t\u00fcketicilerin (sekt\u00f6r y\u00f6neticilerinin deyimiyle m\u00fc\u015fterilerin) enerjileri kesilebilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# 154 kV sistemde baraj gerilimleri 100 – 110 kV\u2019a d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in kesintiler yap\u0131labilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# E\u00dcA\u015e termik santralleri ortalama olarak y\u00fczde 30,40 kapasite ile ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Hem do\u011fal gaz hem de s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131tla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen termik santraller do\u011fal gaz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde \u201cs\u0131rf iyi y\u00f6netilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in\u201d santralde yeterli s\u0131v\u0131 yak\u0131t bulundurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00fcretim yapam\u0131yor ve \u00fcretim arz eksikli\u011finden kesintiler yap\u0131labiliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Elbistan gibi bir santralde \u00fcnite servise al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ate\u015fleniyor, saatlerce kazan ate\u015fli durumda i\u015fletme i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve tam \u00fcnite paralele al\u0131nacakken fark ediliyor ki santral k\u00f6m\u00fcr sahas\u0131nda yeterli k\u00f6m\u00fcr yok, ve \u00fcnitede milyarlarca liral\u0131k mazot ve fuel oil yak\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclebiliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkelerinde (Polonya hari\u00e7) ortalama y\u00fczde 5, y\u00fczde 6 olan toplam iletim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ka\u00e7ak ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 \u00fclkemizde y\u00fczde 15\u2019lerde seyredebiliyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# 8 milyar ton linyit rezervi oldu\u011fu bilinen Elbistan k\u00f6m\u00fcr havzas\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalorili k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc daha verimli, daha \u00e7evreye duyarl\u0131, daha bu \u00fclke i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 olabilecek hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek kullanmak i\u00e7in o y\u00f6rede bir \u201cK\u00d6M\u00dcR ARA\u015eTIRMA ENST\u0130T\u00dcS\u00dc\u201d kurulmuyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# T\u00fcrkiye R\u00fczgar Haritalar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu \u00fclkenin r\u00fczgar enerjisi potansiyeli 70-80000 MW olarak g\u00f6sterilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n ve yak\u0131n gelecekte bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6nemli te\u015fviklerle desteklenmesi g\u00fcndemdeyken kimsenin akl\u0131na \u201cR\u00dcZGAR T\u00dcRB\u0130NLER\u0130 ARA\u015eTIRMA VE GEL\u0130\u015eT\u0130RME MERKEZ\u0130\u201d kurmak gelmiyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# \u00dclkemiz enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn temel elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcreticisi, montajc\u0131s\u0131 ve geli\u015ftiricisi olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck heyecanlarla Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck olarak kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Elektromekanik Sanayi (TEMSAN) i\u015flevsizle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

# Enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yolsuzluklar\u0131n, soru\u015fturmalar\u0131n, yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u2026 ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmez.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yan hizmetler anla\u015fmalar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektrik enerjisi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7ine itildi\u011fi durumun ac\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu yanl\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f, kas\u0131tl\u0131, soygun ama\u00e7l\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n yan\u0131nda yeni bir uygulamaya ge\u00e7i\u015fin haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lmak istenen yeni uygulaman\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201cYan Hizmetler Anla\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu uygulama k\u0131saca bir santralin \u00fcretim yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken de teknik olarak yapmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 zorunlu \u201cenerji d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimlerin\u201d parasal kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ve \u00f6denmesi uygulamas\u0131d\u0131r. Anla\u015fmaya konu olabilecek baz\u0131 de\u011ferler, \u201cFrekans kontroluna kat\u0131lmak, Voltaj kontroluna kat\u0131lmak, Acil hallerde belirlenen oranlar dahilinde fazla \u00fcretim yapmak, Ar\u0131za durumlar\u0131nda ar\u0131zan\u0131n giderilmesine katk\u0131da bulunmak, Ar\u0131za durumlar\u0131nda veya \u2018gerektik\u00e7e\u2019 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z (m\u00fcstakil) olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak\u201dd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir santralin do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi yapmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan bu t\u00fcr \u201chizmetler\u201d i\u00e7in parasal \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi hayata ge\u00e7irmek ad\u0131na \u201cyan hizmetler anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler imzalanmak istenmesi deli sa\u00e7mas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de bu t\u00fcr \u201chizmetler\u201d i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00e7elere uygun miktarlarda kaynaklar konulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r bile.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bunlar bir yana bir de enterkonnekte sistemde kay\u0131plar ve ka\u00e7aklar sorunu vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda OECD \u00fclkelerindeki toplam iletim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m kay\u0131plar\u0131 ortalama y\u00fczde 5 ile y\u00fczde 7 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde ise bu de\u011fer TE\u0130A\u015e verilerine g\u00f6re y\u00fczde 15.6 d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Devlet yeni yasalarla \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re kaynak aktarmak yerine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve iletim \u015febekelerine ayn\u0131 zamanda teknik olarak da bir gereklilik olan iyile\u015ftirme yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na kaynak ay\u0131rsa ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 bir iki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fczde 10\u2019lara sonra da y\u00fczde 7\u2019lere \u00e7ekebilse sorun yak\u0131n d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in tamamen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte enerjinin verimli kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcsl\u00fc s\u00f6ylemlerin \u00f6tesinde somut ad\u0131mlarla pratikte kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olacak bi\u00e7imde ele al\u0131nsa \u00fcretim kapasitesi olan 332 milyar kWh enerji \u00fclkemize 2018 – 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yetebilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sermaye enerjide tehditle, santajla \u201cbir \u015feyler\u201d almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Temmuz 2006\u2019da Ege B\u00f6lgesini elektriksiz b\u0131rakmak pahas\u0131na g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve o g\u00fcnden beri tehdit ve santaj\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunun sonucu olarak elektrik fiyatlar\u0131 f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f ama arz g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yinede tehlikeye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Pazarl\u0131klar devam eder de te\u015fvik yasalar\u0131yla ya\u011fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rsa \u00e7ok yak\u0131n bir gelecekte \u00fclkenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 verseniz yine tatmin olmayacaklar\u0131 bir s\u00fcrece girildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olacak amabu yanl\u0131\u015flardan geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn maliyetleri \u00e7ok \u00e7ok artacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Acil \u00f6nlemler paketi<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

# Lisans verilmi\u015f olan r\u00fczgar santrallerinin kurulmas\u0131na bir plan dahilinde hemen ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

# DS\u0130 internet sitesinde \u00fclkemiz hidrolik kapasitesinin kullan\u0131labilir yakla\u015f\u0131k 250 milyar kWh, ekonomik ise 130 milyar kWh oldu\u011fu belirtilmekte ve planlanm\u0131\u015f ile in\u015faat\u0131na ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczlerce santral ad\u0131 say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn kullan\u0131lan 35 milyar kWh hidrolik enerji \u00e7ok yak\u0131n gelecekte 100 milyar kWh\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

# Lisans verilmi\u015f olan termik kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7in \u0131srarl\u0131 olunmal\u0131 ve lisanslar ucu a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde olmak yerine iptal edilerek E\u00dcA\u015e taraf\u0131ndan yeni santrallerin kurulmas\u0131na hemen ba\u015flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

# Bakanl\u0131k dahil kamu y\u00f6netimindeki t\u00fcm enerji kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131ndaki y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir an \u00f6nce terk edilerek, kamu yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zeten bir y\u00f6netim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

# Tamamen teknik bir konu olan elektrik enerjisi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 ve i\u015fletilmesi konusu sermayenin k\u00e2r h\u0131rs\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Sermaye ile kamu ad\u0131na pazarl\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flan\u0131rsa bu pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nerede duraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kimse bilemez.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Mustafa Kad\u0131o\u011flu \/ (Elektrik M\u00fchendisi, EMO Ankara \u015eubesi Y\u00f6netim Kurulu eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamza Ko\u00e7 (Elektrik M\u00fchendisi, EMO Ankara Y\u00f6netim Kurulu eski \u00dcyesi)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynak:<\/span><\/em><\/strong> evrensel.net (1-4 Temmuz 2008)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\n\nElektrik enerjisinde politikas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n politikas\u0131 – 1 –\n \nElektrik kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerinden bu \u00fclke kaynaklar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u015firketlere ve yerli ortaklar\u0131na aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-228","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}