{"id":23224,"date":"2016-11-10T18:23:47","date_gmt":"2016-11-10T16:23:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=23224"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:23","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:23","slug":"kendi-hesabina-calisma-bir-ruyaydi-simdi-ise-bir-kabus-peter-fleming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/kendi-hesabina-calisma-bir-ruyaydi-simdi-ise-bir-kabus-peter-fleming\/","title":{"rendered":"Kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bir r\u00fcyayd\u0131, \u015fimdi ise bir kabus \u2013 Peter Fleming*"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kendi patronumuz olma r\u00fcyas\u0131, kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olman\u0131n ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kan bir yol olabilece\u011fine inanan t\u00fcm in\u015faat i\u015f\u00e7ileri, IT dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131, hem\u015fireler ve kuryeler i\u00e7in nas\u0131l oldu da b\u00f6ylesine k\u00f6t\u00fc bir i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kim kendi patronu olmak istemez? Sanayi kapitalizminin \u015fafa\u011f\u0131ndan beri ge\u00e7im kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczerindeki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kazanmak pek \u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7inin hayali oldu. Ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenmesi, hay\u0131r dedi\u011fimizde ne olaca\u011f\u0131 korkusu yerine, bu, ipleri elimizde tutma ve i\u015fleri ne zaman ve nas\u0131l halledece\u011fimize dair karar verme \u015fans\u0131yd\u0131. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 kazanmak daha kolay ve daha keyifli olabilirdi\u2026<\/p>\n

E\u011fer r\u00fcya buysa, k\u00e2busa ho\u015f geldiniz.<\/p>\n

Kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bir\u00e7ok ekonomide y\u00fckseli\u015fte. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta 2002\u2019den beri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde y\u00fczde 45 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Ama bit yeni\u011fi de burada. Bir sonraki ultra zengin Richard Branson olma \u015fans\u0131 olduk\u00e7a zay\u0131f. Son zamanlarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ortalama bir \u00fcstlenicinin (ta\u015feron) bug\u00fcn 1995\u2019ten daha az para ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kendi patronumuz olma r\u00fcyas\u0131, kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olman\u0131n ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kan bir yol olabilece\u011fine inanan t\u00fcm in\u015faat i\u015f\u00e7ileri, IT dan\u0131\u015fmanlar\u0131, hem\u015fireler ve kuryeler i\u00e7in nas\u0131l oldu da b\u00f6ylesine k\u00f6t\u00fc bir i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc? Sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 k\u0131saca neoliberalizm.<\/p>\n

Milton Friedman ve Gary Becker gibi bu gelenekten ekonomistler, bireysel olarak serbest piyasada rekabet eden herkesin mini-\u015firketler gibi davranmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inand\u0131lar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar tek kelimeyle \u00f6rt\u00fck kapitalistlerdi. Friedman bu kavramla b\u00fcy\u00fclenmi\u015fti. Belki de, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na el koymaya dair eski Marksist slogana esasl\u0131 bir yan\u0131t bulmu\u015ftu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin zaten kendi \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu sonucu \u00e7\u0131karsa, emek ve sermaye aras\u0131ndaki gerilim de b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc bir bi\u00e7ime ortadan kaybolurdu. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle.<\/p>\n

Friedman tabii ki hatal\u0131yd\u0131 ama bu, fikrinin 2000\u2019lerden sonra durmaks\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rmesini engellememi\u015fti. Aniden, serbest s\u00fcper-ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n (supertemps) ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 freelance \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n eski end\u00fcstrileri capcanl\u0131 bilgi ekonomilerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u201cKendi Hesab\u0131na \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan Ulusu\u201dnda ya\u015f\u0131yor olduk. Ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te bir servet edindik\u2026 Evdeki anneler veya \u201ci\u015f anneleri\u201d ve hatta \u00e7ocuklar, herkes potansiyel bir giri\u015fimciydi.<\/p>\n

Maalesef, insanlar\u0131 kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan olarak yeniden s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma giri\u015fimi \u00e7ok basit bir form\u00fcl\u00fc izliyor: Emek maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye ve daimi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcndense ta\u015feronlar\u0131 kullanan i\u015fletmelerin k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131 maksimize etmeye yard\u0131m ediyor. Buna Uber, Hermes, \u00fcniversiteler ve pek \u00e7ok di\u011fer organizasyon da dahil.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletme mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hayli ac\u0131mas\u0131z. E\u011fer kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan, temel emeklilik primleri ve hastal\u0131k \u00f6dene\u011fi bir yana dursun normal bir i\u015fverenin kar\u015f\u0131layaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn maliyetler, e\u011fitim, i\u015f k\u0131yafetleri ve ta\u015f\u0131tlar dahil, senin taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denmek zorunda. Bir \u00fcstlenici, bir firma i\u00e7in fiili bi\u00e7imde kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dahi bu b\u00f6yle.<\/p>\n

Yorkshire\u2019deki bir Hermes kuryesi yak\u0131n zamanda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tats\u0131z bir durumu anlatt\u0131. Di\u011fer bir ta\u015feronun e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in, \u00fccret almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki g\u00fcn harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bordrodaki gelirini, giderler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmeden saatte 4 sterlin olarak hesaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve bu giderleri denkleme dahil ettikten sonra i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmayan ger\u00e7ek netlik kazan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

Hermes modeli t\u00fcm riskleri \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u201d kuryeye y\u00fckl\u00fcyor, ancak potansiyel \u00f6d\u00fcller tamamen s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Paketlerden, sistemdeki herhangi bir sorundan, araban\u0131zdan, tatil zaman\u0131 \u00f6demelerinizden, sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n masraflar\u0131ndan siz sorumlusunuz. Bu yerel kurye, yerel bir postac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yaralanmas\u0131 sonucundan elinden ameliyat oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f. Be\u015f hafta i\u015fe gitmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrede hastal\u0131k \u00f6demesi alm\u0131\u015f. Hermes kuryeleri herhangi bir hastal\u0131k \u00f6demesi almazlar. Posta i\u015f\u00e7ileri, kuryelerin durumuna \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in s\u0131k s\u0131k onlara yard\u0131mda bulunurlar. Hermes kuryelerinin haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilirler.<\/p>\n

Sorun \u015fu ki, birbiri ard\u0131na gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, neoliberal ekonomistlerin hararetli bir bi\u00e7imde dillendirdi\u011fi \u201cgiri\u015fimci toplum\u201d propagandas\u0131n\u0131 yutmaktalar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, daimi i\u015f\u00e7ileri koruyan yasalar ve d\u00fczenlemeler burada uygulanmamakta. Asgari \u00fccret dahi yok. Bu durum a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan istismar ediliyor.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck ucuz havayolu \u015firketlerinden birinin, pilotlar\u0131 kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u00fckleniciler olarak i\u015fe almas\u0131 man\u015fetlerden d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011finde, \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi y\u00fcksek e\u011fitimli profesyonellerin de s\u0131f\u0131r-saat s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine tabi tutulmas\u0131na \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu e\u011filim sadece bir barda yar\u0131-zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011frencisini de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda ticari jetleri u\u00e7uranlar\u0131 da etkilemekteydi.<\/p>\n

Bu konudaki en rahats\u0131z edici husus, pilotlar\u0131n, hasta veya yorgun olmalar\u0131na bak\u0131lmadan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kalmalar\u0131 nedeniyle maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 stres miktar\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer t\u00fcrl\u00fc, \u00fccret alamayacaklard\u0131. Pilotlar, di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan \u201cg\u00fcvenlik dilek\u00e7esi\u201d i\u00e7in imza toplayarak duruma kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00fcst y\u00f6netim bir uyar\u0131 yay\u0131mlad\u0131: \u201cBu s\u00f6zde g\u00fcvenlik dilek\u00e7esine dahil olan herhangi bir pilot, g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanmaktan su\u00e7lu bulunacak ve i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sorumlu olacakt\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n

Belki de bu mesaj kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar hareketini par\u00e7alad\u0131. Bu tamamen g\u00fc\u00e7 meselesi. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 zirveye ula\u015fabiliyorken \u00e7o\u011fu i\u015f\u00e7i kendisini olduk\u00e7a az hak ve korumayla, yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle i\u015fverene tehlikeli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 buluyor.<\/p>\n

Ne yap\u0131labilir? Asl\u0131nda pilotlar\u0131n do\u011fru bir fikri vard\u0131. \u015eu anda olduk\u00e7a e\u015fitsiz olan g\u00fc\u00e7 ili\u015fkilerini yeniden dengelemenin tek yolu kolektifle\u015ftirmek. Deliveroo ve Uber\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7iler benzer sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zde \u201cgig ekonomisi\u201d[1], moda grafik tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n Shoreditch\u2019teki bir kafeden diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 gibi, kula\u011fa \u00e7ekici ve e\u011flenceli geliyor. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, bu, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu iki yakas\u0131na bir araya getirme m\u00fccadelesi verenler i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc bir i\u015fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerle kapitalizm aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ortadan kalkmad\u0131. Daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ise muhtemel.<\/p>\n

Dipnot:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

[1] M\u00fczik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden gelme bir terim olan Gig \u201ck\u0131sa s\u00fcreli i\u015f\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Gig ekonomisi, freelance \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savlanan bir ekonomi modeli (\u00e7.n.).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

*The Guardian\u2019daki \u0130ngilizce orijinalinden Umar Karatepe taraf\u0131ndan Sendika.Org i\u00e7in \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kendi patronumuz olma r\u00fcyas\u0131, kendi hesab\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor olman\u0131n ekonomik \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kan bir…\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[2408,1823,1774,2470],"class_list":{"0":"post-23224","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-beyaz-yakalilar","9":"tag-calisma-yasami","10":"tag-esnek-calisma","11":"tag-freelance"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23224"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23224\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}