{"id":24141,"date":"2017-01-29T14:49:07","date_gmt":"2017-01-29T11:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=24141"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:22","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:22","slug":"matematikteki-bilinmeyen-olarak-kullanilan-x-harfi-nereden-geliyor-evrim-agaci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/matematikteki-bilinmeyen-olarak-kullanilan-x-harfi-nereden-geliyor-evrim-agaci\/","title":{"rendered":"Matematikteki bilinmeyen olarak kullan\u0131lan \u201dx\u201d harfi nereden geliyor? (Evrim A\u011fac\u0131)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hepimizin bildi\u011fi gibi matematikte bilinmeyen bir de\u011fi\u015fkene neredeyse istisnas\u0131z olarak \u201cx\u201d harfi verilir. E\u011fer ki birden fazla gerekiyorsa y ve z gibi di\u011fer harflere de ba\u015fvurulabilir; ancak x harfi neredeyse her zaman ilk kullan\u0131lan bilinmeyen ad\u0131d\u0131r. Peki ama neden? Neden a, b, c de\u011fil de, x?<br \/>\n<a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/matematik_x.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"400\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/matematik_x.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24145\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bunun k\u00f6keni, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n i\u015flevsel ve parlak oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemlere (kabaca 10. y\u00fczy\u0131l ve civar\u0131) kadar gitmektedir. \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131, her zaman g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki gibi de\u011fildi. Bir zamanlar \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131nda astronomi ve matematik ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok bilim dal\u0131 \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00d6yle ki bu co\u011frafya, bilimin be\u015fi\u011fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin ezici bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda din sava\u015flar\u0131 hakimken, \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131 bilimin ye\u015fertilip korundu\u011fu bir co\u011frafya olarak g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmaktayd\u0131. Ta ki bilim ve felsefenin \u201c\u015feytan i\u015fi\u201d oldu\u011funa ve \u201csorgulama ve \u00f6\u011frenmenin inan\u00e7s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa neden oldu\u011funa\u201d dair \u0130slami g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn y\u00fckseli\u015fe ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flamas\u0131na kadar\u2026 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar h\u00fckmeden ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ekstra g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanan bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki bilimin de \u00f6l\u00fcm ferman\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Neyse ki \u0130slam alimleri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen bilim yok olmam\u0131\u015f, \u0130spanya \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya ve oradan da di\u011fer bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelere ge\u00e7erek korunmu\u015f ve \u00fczerine yeni bilgiler in\u015fa edilmeye devam edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle 12. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131nda egemen konuma ge\u00e7en \u201cbilim d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d, ilerleme ve ayd\u0131nlanma me\u015falesinin Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7mesine vesile olmu\u015f, \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131 ise karanl\u0131\u011fa ve gericili\u011fe do\u011fru h\u0131zl\u0131 yolculu\u011funa koyulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte bu medeniyetler aras\u0131 bilim aktar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir\u00e7ok olay ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan birisi de, Avrupai dillerin \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki dillerle, \u00f6zellikle de Arap\u00e7a ile pek uyumlu olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fck Avrupa dillerine \u00e7evrilirken sorunsuz \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cbamba\u015fka \u015feyleri birbirine uydurma sistemi\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cel-cebr\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u0130ngilizceye \u201calgebra\u201d olarak giri\u015f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n ve g\u00f6k cisminin ad\u0131 Arap\u00e7adan Avrupa dillerine oldu\u011fu gibi ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n ka\u015fifleri ve uzun y\u0131llar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u0130slam alimleridir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla isim verme hakk\u0131 da onlara aittir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ge\u00e7i\u015fte ya\u015fananlardan birisi de, 10. y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130slam alimlerinin matematik \u00fczerinde u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken, \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkenler i\u00e7in T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede \u201cbilinmeyen\u201d ya da \u201c\u015fey\u201d anlam\u0131na gelen \u201cshalan\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan gelen bilimi Avrupa dillerine \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Orta \u00c7a\u011f \u0130spanyol alimleri, shalan, ya da \u201cel-shalan\u201d olarak bilinen bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130spanyolcaya \u00e7evirmekte zorlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201c\u015f\u201d sesi \u0130spanyolcada bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Buna bir s\u00fcre \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulamayan alimler, nihayetinde klasik Yunan dilinden \u201ckai\u201d ba\u011flac\u0131n\u0131 (g\u00f6rselde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor) veya \u201cchi\u201d (X) harfini \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kai ba\u011flac\u0131 da, Yunancada e\u011fik bir x harfi gibi yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede \u201c\u015fey\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelen, Arap\u00e7ada \u201cshalan\u201d olarak bilinen s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u0130spanyolcaya do\u011frudan \u00e7evrilememesi, klasik Yunancadaki kai harfinin \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7evrilirken g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc x olarak al\u0131nmas\u0131yla matemati\u011fin me\u015fhur \u201cbilinmeyen sembol\u00fc\u201d ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Diller ve medeniyetler aras\u0131 etkile\u015fimin bilim ve insanl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisini g\u00f6rmenin harika bir yolu!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Hepimizin bildi\u011fi gibi matematikte bilinmeyen bir de\u011fi\u015fkene neredeyse istisnas\u0131z olarak \u201cx\u201d harfi&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[2359,3470,3469],"class_list":{"0":"post-24141","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-bilim","9":"tag-bilinmeyen","10":"tag-x"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24141"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24141\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}