{"id":24842,"date":"2017-04-03T11:49:14","date_gmt":"2017-04-03T08:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=24842"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:17","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:17","slug":"barinma-hakkinin-finansallastirilmasi-umit-akcay-gazete-duvar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/barinma-hakkinin-finansallastirilmasi-umit-akcay-gazete-duvar\/","title":{"rendered":"Bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u2013 \u00dcmit Ak\u00e7ay (Gazete Duvar)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u00fcresel sermayenin yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde emlak fiyatlar\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Artan emlak fiyatlar\u0131ndan arazi ve konut sahipleri yararlan\u0131rken, sabit gelirliler ve yoksullar \u015fehir merkezlerinde bar\u0131namaz hale geliyor<br \/>\n<a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/konut_satisi_emlak-toki.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"610\" height=\"380\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/konut_satisi_emlak-toki.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-24843\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Gayrimenkul sertifikalar\u0131n\u0131n halka arz\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve sistem uygulamaya girdi. Bu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de in\u015faat-finans b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesinin yeni bir a\u015famas\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Ancak mesele, sistemin tan\u0131t\u0131m videolar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi tozpembe de\u011fil. Ya\u015fanan, bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve piyasa temelli konut edindirme modelinin krizidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Konut metala\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2017\u2019nin Ocak ay\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanan ve in\u015faat-finans b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesini ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 konu edinen bir Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler raporunda bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, finansal piyasalar\u0131n ve firmalar\u0131n konut sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki geni\u015fleyen rol\u00fc ve daha \u00f6nce e\u015fine rastlanmayan h\u00e2kimiyeti olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor (s.3). Raporda, bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, kent mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n ve konutun bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesiyle ili\u015fkilendiriliyor. Konutun ihtiya\u00e7 giderme \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re yani kullan\u0131m de\u011ferine g\u00f6re, bir kazan\u00e7 kap\u0131s\u0131 ve yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yani de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011ferinin \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, bu s\u00fcrecin en temel \u00f6zelliklerinden. Bu, tam da K. Marks\u2019\u0131n tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle, konutun metala\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Raporda alt\u0131 \u00e7izilen temel konu konut hakk\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015fmas\u0131yla, bar\u0131nma amac\u0131yla ev sahibi olma ile konutun sadece gelir getiren bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkinin bar\u0131nma sorunun sosyal y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc erozyona u\u011fratmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani konut hakk\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan g\u00fcvenli ve insan onuruna yak\u0131\u015f\u0131r konutlarda ya\u015fama hakk\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor. Bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131, finans piyasalar\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan yeni t\u00fcrev \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin bir uygulama alan\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Ge\u00e7en hafta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de halka arz\u0131 yap\u0131lan gayr\u0131menkul sertifikas\u0131, bu tip t\u00fcrev \u00fcr\u00fcnlere verilebilecek bir \u00f6rnek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gayrimenkul sertifikas\u0131 sistemi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gayrimenkul Sertifikas\u0131 Sistemi\u2019ne (GSS) ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda de\u011finmi\u015ftim. (Dileyenler A\u00e7\u0131k Radyo\u2019da GSS\u2019yi konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz Kentin Tozu program\u0131n\u0131 da \u015furadan dinleyebilir). Meselenin \u00f6z\u00fc, konut sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ya\u015fanan mevcut s\u0131k\u0131\u015fman\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeni finansal tekniklerin bu ama\u00e7la seferber edilmesidir. S\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6keninde, genellikle yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak \u00fcretilen l\u00fcks konutlar ile halk\u0131n gelir seviyesi aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urumun giderek a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda bu konutlar\u0131n sat\u0131lamamas\u0131 yat\u0131yor. Yani konutun (metan\u0131n) de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011feri ile kullan\u0131m de\u011feri aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fki.<\/p>\n<p>Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimi hafta sertifikalar\u0131n halka arz\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde, T\u00fcrkiye Sermaye Piyasalar\u0131 Birli\u011fi, sistemi tan\u0131tmak i\u00e7in \u201cGayrimenkul Sertifikalar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir panel d\u00fczenledi. Panelde konu\u015fan Borsa \u0130stanbul Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Himmet Karada\u011f, yeni sertifikalar ile Anadolu\u2019nun en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015fesine bile ula\u015fabileceklerini, finansal okuryazarl\u0131k seviyesi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kesimlerin dahi sertifika alabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek asl\u0131nda meselenin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc anlatm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n<p>Yani, normal \u015fartlarda konut sahibi olamayacak kesimlerin kaynaklar\u0131 mobilize edilerek, hem in\u015faat firmalar\u0131n finansman\u0131 sa\u011flanacak, hem de bu konutlar\u0131n bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak \u00fcretimine devam edilebilecek. B\u00f6ylece, normalde fiyatlar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi nedeniyle konut sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kapsayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesimlerin birikimleri de b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat firmalar\u0131n\u0131n emrine verilmi\u015f olacak.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Piyasa temelli modellerin krizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Piyasa temelli modellerin g\u00fcvenli, eri\u015filebilir ve ya\u015fanabilir konut gereksinimi kar\u015f\u0131lamakta ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. Elbette bu, konutlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kent mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n da piyasa temelli modellere g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmesi sonucunda giderek bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin bir sonucu. Bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen kentte ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n hayat kalitesi ise ikincil \u00f6nemde. Bunu \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015fayanlar ya da \u0130stanbul\u2019un ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 resmini g\u00f6ren herhangi biri rahatl\u0131kla anlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Piyasa temelli modellerin alternatifi nedir diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce akla ilk gelen kamunun daha aktif m\u00fcdahalesi oluyor. Ancak maalesef bu \u00e7o\u011fu zaman piyasaya bir alternatif de\u011fil. Yine T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck konut geli\u015ftiricisi ve m\u00fcteahhidi olan TOK\u0130 bir kamu kurulu\u015fu. Ancak TOK\u0130\u2019nin kamu kurulu\u015fu olmas\u0131, bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve kentin metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na aktif olarak kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engellemiyor. Hatta yap\u0131lan kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalar dahi kentin finansalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131 olabiliyor. O nedenle, mesele basit\u00e7e bir kamu-\u00f6zel kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil. \u00d6nemli olan de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011feri yerine kullan\u0131m de\u011ferinin hakim oldu\u011fu ve kent mek\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sadece sermayenin bir yat\u0131r\u0131m arac\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc piyasa temelli konut edinme sisteminin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeni kamusal se\u00e7eneklerin yarat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Mesele olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k. \u00d6rne\u011fin finansal serbestlik hakim ekonomi politikas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e, kent mekan\u0131n\u0131n finansalla\u015fmas\u0131 ve ya\u015fanabilir olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecektir. Zira k\u00fcresel sermayenin yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde emlak fiyatlar\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Artan emlak fiyatlar\u0131ndan arazi ve konut sahipleri yararlan\u0131rken, sabit gelirliler ve yoksullar \u015fehir merkezlerinde bar\u0131namaz hale geliyor.<\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi GSS ile yabanc\u0131 kurumsal ve bireysel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 da bu sisteme dahil olabilecek. Hem de burada fiili bir yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131na, yani ev sahibi olmas\u0131na gerek olmadan, borsa i\u015flemleri ile. Bu, konut fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131 destekleyici ve sabit gelirlilerin kent merkezlerinden d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak mekanizmalar\u0131 tetikleyici bir i\u015flev g\u00f6rebilir. Yeni sistemle bize sunulan teselli ise \u015fu: Olsun, hemen \u00fcz\u00fclmeyin. 42.5 liraya alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir sertifika, bu alana yat\u0131r\u0131m yapan sermaye kadar olmasa da, konut fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015ftan sizin de faydalanman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel sermayenin yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde emlak fiyatlar\u0131 h\u0131zla artmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Artan&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[565,3544],"class_list":{"0":"post-24842","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-kentsel-donusum","9":"tag-konut"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24842\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}