1 May\u0131s 2017, T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin en yayg\u0131n 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti. 60\u2019\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n ilde 1 May\u0131s mitingleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kat\u0131l\u0131m d\u00fczeyi olumlu olsa da 1 May\u0131s bu y\u0131l darmada\u011f\u0131n\u0131kt\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda ortak 1 May\u0131s mitingleri yapan i\u015f\u00e7i ve memur konfederasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n her biri ayr\u0131 bir alanda 1 May\u0131s kutlad\u0131. Bunun tek istisnas\u0131 \u0130zmir oldu. \u0130zmir ortak 1 May\u0131s kutlamas\u0131na sahne oldu. Bu y\u0131l 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n kutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 illerden biri de K\u00fctahya oldu.<\/p>\n
Memur-Sen, insanl\u0131k tarihinde ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 13 Temmuz 1766 (Hicri 4 Sefer 1180) tarihinde K\u00fctahya\u2019da imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle \u201c\u015f\u00fckranlar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmek\u201d i\u00e7in 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 K\u00fctahya\u2019da kutlam\u0131\u015f. B\u00f6ylece zaman zaman ortaya at\u0131lan bu ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 iddia bu kez 1 May\u0131s kutlamas\u0131na vesile oldu. Toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 oldu\u011fu 2017 T\u00fcrkiyesi\u2019nde, insanl\u0131k tarihinin ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 250 y\u0131l \u00f6nce K\u00fctahya\u2019da imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin iddialarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak insan\u0131 \u015fa\u015fk\u0131na \u00e7eviriyor.<\/p>\n
Tarihte ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1766 tarihinde (baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re 1776) K\u00fctahya\u2019da imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 yeni de\u011fil. Bu iddia yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r 13 Temmuz g\u00fcnlerinde K\u00fctahya Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Valili\u011fi ve M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan temcit pilav\u0131 gibi g\u00fcndeme getirilen kronik bir \u0131srar ve dayanaks\u0131z bir iddia. Bu iddian\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funun defalarca yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc korumas\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin dayanma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyor. Israrla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen ve d\u00fczeltilmeyen bir yanl\u0131\u015f bir s\u00fcre sonra tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir do\u011fru olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. \u00d6zellikle emek tarihi bunun \u00f6rnekleriyle dolu.<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrk usul\u00fc\u201d toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi!<\/p>\n
Emek tarihi ile ilgili ciddi hi\u00e7bir kaynakta yer verilmeyen hatta baz\u0131 kaynaklarda yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lan bu iddia ilk kez 1969 y\u0131l\u0131nda zaman\u0131n K\u00fctahya Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Ba\u015fkan bu iddiay\u0131 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda yinelemi\u015f. \u0130ddiaya 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00e7e\u015fitli gazetelerde de yer verilmi\u015f. Israrlar sonraki y\u0131llarda da devam etmi\u015f. 10.12.2002 tarihli H\u00fcrriyet\u2019te M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Metin T\u00fcrkt\u00fcz\u00fcn iddiay\u0131 tekrarlam\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcrkt\u00fcz\u00fcn\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u2018\u2019Belge, ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1815 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bizimki 49 y\u0131l \u00f6nce imzalanm\u0131\u015f.\u2019\u2019 13 Temmuz 2006\u2019da bir ba\u015fka M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc \u00d6mer Bozo\u011flu, \u201c\u0130lk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi K\u00fctahya\u2019da imzaland\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlad\u0131. Bu iddia bu y\u0131l Memur-Sen\u2019in K\u00fctahya 1 May\u0131s\u0131 ile en \u201cg\u00f6rkemli\u201d d\u00f6nemini ya\u015f\u0131yor! B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk usul\u00fc ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan sonra T\u00fcrk usul\u00fc toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oluyoruz.<\/p>\n
Tarihte ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan K\u00fctahya belgesi (13 Temmuz 1766), ger\u00e7ekte mahalli idarecilerin\/devlet ricalinin \u00e7ini at\u00f6lyesi ustalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetleri \u00fczerine d\u00fczenledikleri \u00fccretlere ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kalfa ve \u00e7\u0131raklar i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r cezalar (\u00f6m\u00fcr boyu k\u00fcrek cezas\u0131 dahil) i\u00e7eren bir tutanaktan, bir \u00e7e\u015fit yerel kararnameden ibaret. Tutana\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda at\u00f6lye sahibi ustalar\u0131n, kalfa ve \u00e7\u0131raklar\u0131n imzas\u0131 yok, t\u00fcm imzalar devlet ricaline ait. Oysa toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi taraflar olmaks\u0131z\u0131n olmaz. Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin olmazsa olmaz \u00f6zeli\u011fi, taraflar\u0131n serbest pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayanmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan taraf\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc veya toplu temsilidir. Ortada i\u015f\u00e7i yok, toplu temsil yok, toplu pazarl\u0131k yok, sendika veya benzeri bir kurum yok, ama toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi var! T\u00fcrk usul\u00fc toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme bu olsa gerek!<\/p>\n
K\u00fctahya\u2019da ke\u015ffedilen \u201cilk toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d efsanesi burada kalmad\u0131. Daha sonra gazeteci Sad\u0131k Albayrak, Bat\u0131 Emperyalizmine Kar\u015f\u0131 Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Direni\u015fi kitab\u0131nda ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin 1774 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti. Albayrak\u2019\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi belge de bir toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de\u011fil, idari makamlar\u0131n tek tarafl\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u00fccretlere ili\u015fkin bir belgedir. Son iddia ise Bergama\u2019dan geldi. Tarihin ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u0130\u00d6 241 y\u0131l\u0131nda Pergamon (Bergama) Kral\u0131 ile askerleri aras\u0131nda imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edildi. S\u00fcrekli sava\u015flardan yorgun d\u00fc\u015fen askerler hak istemi\u015fler ve oturup kralla s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalam\u0131\u015flar (Gazete Poyraz, 10 Ekim 2016). B\u00f6ylece sadece ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de\u011fil, tarihte askerlere ilk toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131 bu topraklarda tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f!<\/p>\n
Bilgisizlik mi sendikal lapsus mu?<\/p>\n
Tarihte \u00fccretlerle ilgili m\u00fccadeleler \u00e7ok eskiye dayan\u0131yor. Ancak bunlar\u0131 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak adland\u0131ramay\u0131z. Toplu pazarl\u0131k, \u00fccretli eme\u011fin, \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr\u201d i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, kapitalizmin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu. Siyasal zora dayal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczeninde \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d olmaz. Eski M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da piramitlerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda duvarc\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00fccret art\u0131\u015f\u0131 istedikleri biliniyor. Benzer \u00fccret m\u00fccadelelerine Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da da rastlan\u0131yor. Ancak tarihte toplu pazarl\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin 1700\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. Bunun i\u00e7in Sidney ve Beatrice Webb\u2019in The History of Trade Unionism-Sendikac\u0131l\u0131k Tarihi kitab\u0131na g\u00f6z atmak k\u00e2fi.<\/p>\n
Bu tip iddialara tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131nda anakronizm (tarih yan\u0131lg\u0131s\u0131, tarih uyumsuzlu\u011fu) deniyor. Anakronizm bir kavram\u0131n veya olgunun onunla ilgisiz ve uyumsuz bir ba\u015fka tarihi d\u00f6neme ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stanbul\u2019un fethinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sinema filminde surlarda bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde bir u\u00e7ak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi veya askerlerin kolunda saat olmas\u0131 gibi. Anakronizm bazen kas\u0131tla, tarihin tahrif edilmesi amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r bazen de bilgisizlik nedeniyle.<\/p>\n
Yerel y\u00f6neticilerin ve b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n \u015fehirlerini tan\u0131tma \u00e7abalar\u0131 bir dereceye kadar anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Ama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n toplu pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcr\u201c eme\u011fin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn bile edilemeyece\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan bir devlet zapt\u0131n\u0131 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak \u0131srarla ortaya s\u00fcrmek bilimle ve ak\u0131lla ba\u011fda\u015fmaz, eme\u011fin m\u00fccadelesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaz. Dahas\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f bilin\u00e7 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
\u201c\u0130lk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi K\u00fctahya\u2019da imzaland\u0131\u201d iddias\u0131, Memur-Sen\u2019in 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131 K\u00fctahya\u2019da kutlamas\u0131 ile iyice ironik bir hal ald\u0131. Buna bir \u00e7e\u015fit sendikal lapsus da demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. K\u00fctahya belgesini toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak ilan eden Memur-Sen, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden ne anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sendikal bilin\u00e7alt\u0131n\u0131 da ortaya koymu\u015f oldu. 4688 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa ile olu\u015fturulan d\u00fczen K\u00fctahya belgesi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck benzerlik olu\u015fturuyor: Devletin tek tarafl\u0131 ihsan\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir s\u00f6zde \u201ctoplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme\u201d d\u00fczenidir bu.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n tarihindeki ger\u00e7ek m\u00fccadeleleri hat\u0131rlamay\u0131p, \u201c\u0130lk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi K\u00fctahya\u2019da imzaland\u0131\u201d efsanesine sar\u0131lmak, son zamanlarda siyasal alanda yayg\u0131nla\u015fan tarih anlat\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sendikal alandaki uzant\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil. \u00c7anakkale\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 Kut\u2019\u00fcl Amare\u2019nin, Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 2. Abd\u00fclhamit\u2019in \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 siyasal tarih alan\u0131nda ne ise emek tarihi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan 1766\u2019da K\u00fctahya\u2019da ilk toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini ke\u015ffetmek de odur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"1 May\u0131s 2017, T\u00fcrkiye tarihinin en yayg\u0131n 1 May\u0131s kutlamalar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[3571],"class_list":{"0":"post-25115","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-toplu-is-sozlesmesi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25115"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25115\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}