T\u00dc\u0130K ( T\u00fcrkiye istatistik Kurumu ) verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizde kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 erkek istihdam\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan daha az a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019 in Mart 2017 b\u00fclteninden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201cHanehalk\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re; 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 15 ve daha yukar\u0131 ya\u015ftaki n\u00fcfus i\u00e7erisinde i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131lma oran\u0131 %51,3 olup, bu oran erkeklerde %71,6, kad\u0131nlarda ise %31,5 oldu. E\u011fitim durumuna g\u00f6re i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 incelendi\u011finde, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n e\u011fitim seviyesi y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne daha fazla kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Okuryazar olmayan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %16,1, lise alt\u0131 e\u011fitimli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %26,6, lise mezunu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %32,7, mesleki veya teknik lise mezunu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %40,8 iken y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim mezunu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131 %71,6 oldu.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131n\u0131n bu denli eksik olu\u015funun sebeplerini neden sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirmek gerekmektedir. Konuya bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede bakacak olursak \u015fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi net bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6rebiliriz; Kad\u0131nlar ne yaz\u0131k ki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131nda hala ciddi ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011framaktad\u0131r. Bu ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k kad\u0131n\u0131n Anne rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlendikten sonra daha da \u015fiddetini artt\u0131rmakta ve kad\u0131nlar Anne olduktan sonra \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131ndan belirli bir s\u00fcre ve\/veya s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalmaktad\u0131r. Devletin bu konuda Anayasadan kaynaklanan koruyucu \u00f6nlem alma zorunlulu\u011fu elbette ki vard\u0131r. Ancak mevcut yasal d\u00fczenlemelerin bu konuda yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n genel anlamda bu sorunlar\u0131na de\u011findikten sonra \u015fimdi dilerseniz yaz\u0131m\u0131za ba\u015fl\u0131k olu\u015fturan konuya girelim.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130\u015f ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik kanunlar\u0131nda ve y\u00f6netmeliklerde gerek hamilelik, gerekse do\u011fum sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerle ilgili olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli yasal d\u00fczenlemeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r;<\/p>\n
Kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye gebelik d\u00f6neminde periyodik muayene izni verilmesi, do\u011fum hizmeti sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ve ge\u00e7ici i\u015f g\u00f6remezlik \u00f6dene\u011fi verilmesi, do\u011fum \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 izinler, emzirme izni verilmesi, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve fazla mesai yasa\u011f\u0131 gibi d\u00fczenlemelerdir. Ayr\u0131ca son d\u00f6nemde kad\u0131na do\u011fum sonras\u0131 k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve kad\u0131n veya erke\u011fe (e\u015flerden birine) \u00e7ocuk okul \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na gelinceye kadar k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi d\u00fczenlemeler getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer taraftan bir ba\u015fka yasal d\u00fczenlemede do\u011fum sonras\u0131nda 2 ay i\u00e7inde i\u015fe ba\u015flamas\u0131 gereken kad\u0131nlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sorunu olan kre\u015f sorunu ile ilgilidir. Asl\u0131nda bu konudaki yasal d\u00fczenlemeler olduk\u00e7a eskiye dayanmakla birlikte son d\u00fczenleme 16.08.2013 tarihlidir ve Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin konuya ili\u015fkin 13. Maddesi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/p>\n
ODA VE YURT A\u00c7MA Y\u00dcK\u00dcML\u00dcL\u00dc\u011e\u00dc<\/p>\n
MADDE 13 \u2013 (1) Ya\u015flar\u0131 ve medeni halleri ne olursa olsun, 100-150 kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan i\u015fyerlerinde, emziren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 emzirmeleri i\u00e7in i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerlerinden ayr\u0131 ve i\u015fyerine en \u00e7ok 250 metre uzakl\u0131kta EK-IV\u2019te belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir emzirme odas\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n
(2) Ya\u015flar\u0131 ve medeni halleri ne olursa olsun, 150\u2019den \u00e7ok kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan i\u015fyerlerinde, 0-6 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131, bak\u0131m\u0131 ve emziren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 emzirmeleri i\u00e7in i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yerlerinden ayr\u0131 ve i\u015fyerine yak\u0131n EK-IV\u2019te belirtilen \u015fartlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bir yurdun kurulmas\u0131 zorunludur. Yurt, i\u015fyerine 250 metreden daha uzaksa i\u015fveren ta\u015f\u0131t sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi y\u00f6netmelik belirli bir say\u0131da kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan i\u015fyerlerine gerek emzirme, gerekse bebeklerin bak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in oda ve yurt a\u00e7ma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vermektedir. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe uyulmamas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 bir bi\u00e7imde idari para cezas\u0131 gibi yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla desteklenmemi\u015ftir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Y\u00fcksek yarg\u0131 verdi\u011fi bir karar\u0131 ile i\u015fverenin bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne uymamas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i bak\u0131m\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 fesih nedeni saym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi yaz\u0131m\u0131za konu olan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131m\u0131zda emsal olu\u015fturmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem arz eden bu karar\u0131 sizinle payla\u015fal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Olay \u00f6zetle \u015f\u00f6yle geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Dava taraf\u0131 olan kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i binlerce \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan bir bankada bireysel pazarlama uzman\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i do\u011fum sonras\u0131 izinlerinin ard\u0131ndan i\u015fe ba\u015flamayarak i\u015fverene kre\u015f a\u00e7ma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne uymas\u0131n\u0131 aksi halde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini sona erdirece\u011fini ihtar etmi\u015ftir. \u0130\u015fveren ise b\u00f6yle bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fe ba\u015flamamas\u0131n\u0131 istifa olarak kabul etmi\u015ftir. Konu b\u00f6ylece yasal husumete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i ihbar k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 talebiyle dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davaya bakan yerel mahkeme i\u015fyerinde kre\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iye hakl\u0131 fesih hakk\u0131 sa\u011flayan 24. Madde kapsam\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle i\u015f\u00e7inin talebini reddetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yerel mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n temyiz edilmesi ile birlikte dosyay\u0131 inceleyen Y\u00fcksek mahkeme a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da \u00f6zetini sundu\u011fumuz \u015fekilde karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u201cSomut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta davac\u0131 do\u011fumdan sonra i\u015fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ihtarname ile daval\u0131 i\u015fverene bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gere\u011fi i\u015fyerinde kre\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 aksi takdirde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshedece\u011fi ihtar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015f, daval\u0131 i\u015fveren ise b\u00f6yle bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n ihtarnamesinin istifa beyan\u0131 olarak kabul edilece\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir. Davac\u0131n\u0131n izninin bitti\u011fi ve i\u015fe ba\u015flamas\u0131 gereken 01.08.2012 tarihinde i\u015fe ba\u015flamak istedi\u011fi, i\u015fverenin davac\u0131y\u0131 istifa etti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle i\u015fe ba\u015flatmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 davac\u0131 tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ifadesinden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Y\u00f6netmelikteki d\u00fczenleme gere\u011fi i\u015fverenin kre\u015f a\u00e7ma zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmakta olup, bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerine getirmeyen i\u015fveren kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini hakl\u0131 nedenle fesih hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak davac\u0131 01.08.2012 tarihinde i\u015fe gelerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma iste\u011fini ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshetme iradesi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015f, i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan davac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilmemi\u015f olup, bu nedenle daval\u0131 i\u015fvenin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshetti\u011finin kabul edilmesi gerekir. Daval\u0131 hakl\u0131 sebeple i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshetti\u011fini ispat edemedi\u011finden Mahkemece k\u0131dem ve ihbar tazminat\u0131na h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekirken bu taleplerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7eyle hatal\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u00dc\u0130K ( T\u00fcrkiye istatistik Kurumu ) verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizde kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 erkek…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[3708],"class_list":{"0":"post-26500","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-kres-hakki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26500","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26500"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26500\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26500"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26500"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26500"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}