{"id":28372,"date":"2018-02-07T13:48:17","date_gmt":"2018-02-07T10:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=28372"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:13","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:13","slug":"sen-hasta-misin-beyaz-yakali-serkan-kucuk-gazete-duvar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/sen-hasta-misin-beyaz-yakali-serkan-kucuk-gazete-duvar\/","title":{"rendered":"Sen hasta m\u0131s\u0131n beyaz yakal\u0131? – Serkan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (Gazete Duvar)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evet sevgili beyaz yakal\u0131, sen hastas\u0131n ama hen\u00fcz bilmiyorsun. \u0130statistiklere ge\u00e7medin. Belki de biliyordun ama parkinsondan m\u00fctevellit unutuverdin.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131p da metafor aramaya gerek yok. C\u00fcmlenin yal\u0131n anlam\u0131yla bu gazetenin de okurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 yer alan beyaz yakal\u0131lara y\u00f6nelik bir soru bu. Sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131ysa maalesef koskoca bir evet. Evet, sen hastas\u0131n beyaz yakal\u0131!<\/p>\n

Hatta senin ad\u0131na bir hastal\u0131k gurubu bile tahsis edildi, frenk\u00e7esi \u2018white collar disease\u2019. Memlekete terc\u00fcmesi \u2018beyaz yakal\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131\u2019. Nedir bunlar dersen, birlikte saymaya ba\u015flayal\u0131m derim; Kuru g\u00f6z sendromu, s\u0131rt a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kol a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, sinir hasarlar\u0131, kar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesi ya\u011flanmalar\u0131, cilt ve solunum rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131, karpal t\u00fcnel sendromu. Elbet ba\u015fka rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar da var ancak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kanlar bu sayd\u0131klar\u0131m. S\u00fcrekli ekrana bakan beyaz yakal\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z k\u0131rpma say\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 p\u0131narlar\u0131nda kuruma meydana geliyor. \u0130stemsiz kas hareketi olan g\u00f6z k\u0131rpmay\u0131 unutuyor ve g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 kuruyor. Metaforlar\u0131 \u015fimdi kurabilirsin. E\u011fer istersen.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle s\u0131rt ve boyun a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyen beyaz yakal\u0131 neredeyse kalmad\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde. Bir di\u011fer bela ise karpal t\u00fcnel sendromu. Bu sendromdan musdarip olanlar bir s\u00fcre sonra ellerini kullanamaz duruma geliyorlar ve cerrahi m\u00fcdahale say\u0131lar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli kurumlar, beyaz yakal\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131na yap\u0131lan sa\u011fl\u0131k harcamalar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve daha \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan\u0131n risk grubuna dahil oldu\u011funu belirtiyorlar.<\/p>\n

PARK\u0130NSON BEYAZ YAKALI SEVER<\/strong><\/p>\n

Buraya kadar belki de \u00e7o\u011funu bildi\u011finiz meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131ndan bahsettim ancak Temmuz 2017\u2019de Amerikan Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve \u00d6nleme Merkezi\u2019nin (CDC) yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapor, beyaz yakal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n iki n\u00f6rodejeneratif hastal\u0131ktan \u00f6l\u00fcm riskinin daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor (1).<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, Parkinson hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz (ALS) olan daha zengin, daha iyi e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerin, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ya da daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck e\u011fitim gerektiren i\u015flerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan erken \u00f6lme ihtimalinin daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

CDC\u2019ye g\u00f6re bu \u201cy\u00fcksek sosyoekonomik\u201d mesleklerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7iler; matematik\u00e7iler, mimarlar, m\u00fchendisler, avukatlar ve y\u00f6neticilerden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

CDC\u2019nin Ulusal Mesleki G\u00fcvenlik ve Sa\u011fl\u0131k Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nden ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revlisi John Beard, \u201cBu, beklenmedik bir bulgudur\u201d demi\u015f soranlara. \u00dcst\u00fcne de eklemi\u015f; \u201cY\u00fcksek sosyoekonomik stat\u00fcye sahip ALS ve Parkinson hastalar\u0131nda, y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ancak bunun nedenlerini anlam\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/p>\n

Buradaki \u2018y\u00fcksek sosyoekonomik stat\u00fc\u2019 tan\u0131m\u0131 bizim topraklar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fil elbette. Zira \u2018h\u0131yaneti vataniye\u2019 etiketini ilk \u00f6nce akademisyenlere, tabiplere vururlar buralarda. Parkinson\u2019dan \u00f6lseniz ne gam. Ancak meram\u0131m\u0131z bu de\u011fil. Biz yine meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131na d\u00f6nelim.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ger\u00e7ekten ilgin\u00e7 bir bulgu ortaya atm\u0131\u015f, raporu de\u011ferlendiren uzmanlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, \u2018daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck sosyoekonomik seviyeye ve \u00fccrete sahip ki\u015filer bir ya\u015fl\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan Parkinson ve ALS\u2019ye yakalanacak kadar ya\u015fam\u0131yorlar, ondan dolay\u0131 beyaz yakal\u0131larda g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 fazlad\u0131r\u2019 deyivermi\u015f hemen. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rma bu kadar kolayca yorumlanabilecek kadar hafif de\u011fil; Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, 30 eyalette 1985\u2019ten 1999\u2019a, 2003\u2019ten 2004\u2019e ve 2007\u2019den 2011\u2019e kadar 12 milyondan fazla yeti\u015fkin \u00f6l\u00fcm belgesinin verisine bakm\u0131\u015flar. \u0130\u015f s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmalar\u0131, benzer i\u015f g\u00f6revlerine dayal\u0131 olarak 26 kategoriye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve en y\u00fcksek \u00fccret alanlardan en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret alanlara kadar yelpaze geni\u015fletilmi\u015f. Analizde yakla\u015f\u0131k 27 bin ALS \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 115 binden fazla Parkinson \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve kalp yetmezli\u011finden yakla\u015f\u0131k 159 bin \u00f6l\u00fcm vakas\u0131 incelenmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdilik nedenlerini ortaya koyamasalar da, raporun tabiriyle tekrarlamak gerekirse y\u00fcksek sosyoekonomik stat\u00fcye sahip beyaz yakal\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki risk fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda Parkinson ve ALS \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir etkiye sahip g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

B\u0131rak bu Amerikan \u00f6zentisi bilgi aktar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018yerli ve milli ol biraz\u2019 derseniz, size \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc birka\u00e7 ayr\u0131nt\u0131dan bahsetmek zorunda kal\u0131r\u0131m.<\/p>\n

GENLER\u0130M\u0130Z M\u0130 SA\u011eLAM?<\/strong><\/p>\n

SGK istatistik y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda 568\u2019i erkek, 29\u2019u kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere toplamda 597 ki\u015fiye meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131 koyulmu\u015f. Oysa ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 241 bin 115\u2019i erkek, 44 bin 953\u2019\u00fc kad\u0131n olmak \u00fczere toplam 286 bin 68 ki\u015fi i\u015f g\u00f6remezlikle sonu\u00e7lanan i\u015f kazas\u0131 ge\u00e7irmi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki rakamlar\u0131 sadece resmi verilere bakarak yorumlarsan\u0131z, durmadan kaza ge\u00e7iren, yaralanan, uzuvlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ama neredeyse hi\u00e7 mesleksel rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara yakalanmayan bir toplum oldu\u011fumuzu savlayabilirsiniz. Koskoca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 568 ki\u015fiye meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131 koyulmas\u0131 size de garip gelmiyor mu?<\/p>\n

Sadece size de\u011fil bakanl\u0131klara da garip gelmi\u015f olacak ki, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ulusal \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Politika Belgesi \u2013 III ve Eylem Plan\u0131 2014-2018 isimli dok\u00fcman\u0131nda (2),\u201d\u00dclkemizde Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu (SGK) verilerine g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikle i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli boyutlarda oldu\u011fu, meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 vaka say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ise beklenenin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra SGK istatistiklerine yans\u0131mayan, kapsam ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015f kazalar\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 sonucu olu\u015fan kay\u0131plar da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin verilerin sadece karara ba\u011flanan vakalar \u00fczerinden oldu\u011fu ve \u00fclkemizde hen\u00fcz meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0131bbi tan\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n toplanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmelidir. Bu istatistikler, i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n tespitinde ve bildiriminde sorunlar\u0131n oldu\u011funu, bu do\u011frultuda sonu\u00e7 odakl\u0131 koruyucu ve \u00f6nleyici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.\u201d ibareleri yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak i\u015f ve hastal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi \u00fc\u00e7 kategoride tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. (3)<\/p>\n

1. Meslek Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 (Occupational Diseases); Genellikle tek bir etkenle meydana gelen, \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve kuvvetli bir mesleki ili\u015fkinin ortaya konmas\u0131 ile ay\u0131rt edilen hastal\u0131klar.<\/p>\n

2. \u0130\u015fle \u0130lgili Hastal\u0131klar (Work Related Diseases); Pek \u00e7ok etkenin bir arada g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n rol oynayabildi\u011fi, birlikte farkl\u0131 risklerin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, karma\u015f\u0131k bir etyolojiye sahip hastal\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 Etkileyen Hastal\u0131klar (Diseases Affecting Working Populations); \u0130\u015fle ilgili bir ilinti olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n mesleki zararl\u0131 etkenlerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 artan hastal\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

ILO Meslek Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Listesinde meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 kategoride toplanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1. Ajanlarla meydana gelen meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 (fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik),<\/p>\n

2. Hedef organ ve sistemlerin meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 (solunum, deri, kas iskelet),<\/p>\n

3. Mesleki kanserler.<\/p>\n

Asl\u0131nda sorun sadece meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 da de\u011fil. Yani, ister beyaz ister mavi yakal\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i, ister kasketli k\u00f6yl\u00fc, isterse de kravatl\u0131 memur olsun, memlekette yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015ften dolay\u0131 hastalanan, ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bozulan, kas iskelet sistemi hasara u\u011frayan hepi topu 568 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu bilgisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r bize g\u00fcvenmeyin diyor devlet b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz. \u00dcst\u00fcne de ekliyorlar, \u201cSGK 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 istatistiklerine g\u00f6re i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde yakla\u015f\u0131k 49 bin 936 ile 149 bin 809 aras\u0131nda yeni meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakas\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Mevcut durumda ise 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in tespit edilebilen meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 371\u2019dir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Evet sevgili beyaz yakal\u0131, sen hastas\u0131n ama hen\u00fcz bilmiyorsun. \u0130statistiklere ge\u00e7medin. Belki de biliyordun ama parkinsondan m\u00fctevellit unutuverdin.<\/p>\n

CAN ALICI SORULARI DA SORALIM MI?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bence soral\u0131m. Peki, ak\u0131ll\u0131 binalarda, iklimlendirilmi\u015f ortamlarda uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sen sevgili beyaz yakal\u0131 karde\u015fim, \u015fimdiye dek;<\/p>\n

-\u0130\u015fyerinde yasal olarak bulunmas\u0131 gereken i\u015fyeri hekiminin neden istihdam edilmedi\u011fini hi\u00e7 sorgulad\u0131n m\u0131?<\/p>\n

-Yahut ayn\u0131 i\u015fyeri hekimine sadece ila\u00e7 ve rapor yazd\u0131rmak yerine, koruyucu \u00f6nlemlerin neler olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda dan\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in u\u011frad\u0131n m\u0131?<\/p>\n

-Havaland\u0131rma iklimlendirme sistemlerindeki s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011f\u0131rarak \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011fini sanmak yerine, i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uzman\u0131na dan\u0131\u015fmak akl\u0131na geldi mi?<\/p>\n

\u2013 Ekranl\u0131 ara\u00e7larla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7in i\u015fvereninin sana her y\u0131l \u00fccretsiz g\u00f6z muayenesi yapt\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini neden bilmiyorsun. Biliyorsan bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in neden \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermiyorsun?<\/p>\n

\u2013 Mevzuatta, senin ergonomik olmayan sandalyede oturtulamayaca\u011f\u0131n yaz\u0131yor. Bunu neden bilmiyorsun? Biliyorsan bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in neden \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermiyorsun?<\/p>\n

\u2013 S\u00fcrekli yan\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in i\u015fverence sana tahsis edilen diz \u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayarlara, harici klavye, bilek destekli mousepad ve y\u00fckseltici koyulmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve i\u015fverenin bunlar\u0131 da temin etmek zorunda oldu\u011funu neden bilmiyorsun? Biliyorsan, bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in neden \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermiyorsun?<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0130\u015f dolay\u0131s\u0131yla meydana gelen rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na girebilece\u011fini ve erken emeklilik, i\u015f rotasyonu, k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreleri, maddi tazminat gibi lehine sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fini neden bilmiyorsun? Biliyorsan bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in neden \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermiyorsun?<\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0130leride parkinson veya ALS\u2019den \u00f6lme riskin giderek art\u0131yor. \u201cHaf\u0131za-i be\u015fer nisyan ile maluld\u00fcr\u201d deyimini hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kararak huzura kavu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsun?<\/p>\n

Velhas\u0131l beyaz yakal\u0131 karde\u015fim, i\u015fte \u015fimdi metafor arayabilirsin.<\/p>\n

(1) https:\/\/consumer.healthday.com\/cognitive-health-information-26\/lou-gehrig-s-disease-als-news-1\/white-collar-workers-at-higher-odds-of-death-from-als-parkinson-s-724583.html<\/p>\n

(2) https:\/\/www.csgb.gov.tr\/media\/3905\/politika_belgesi_tr_2014_2018.pdf<\/p>\n

(3) Meslek Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Rehberi, \u00c7SGB Yay\u0131n\u0131, Kas\u0131m 2011, Ankara<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Evet sevgili beyaz yakal\u0131, sen hastas\u0131n ama hen\u00fcz bilmiyorsun. \u0130statistiklere ge\u00e7medin. Belki…\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[2408,912,823],"class_list":{"0":"post-28372","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-beyaz-yakalilar","9":"tag-mimar","10":"tag-muhendis"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28372"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28372\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}