\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz co\u011frafya \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015feker, \u00fclkemizde \u015feker pancar\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnyada m\u0131s\u0131r, bu\u011fday ve patates gibi ni\u015fasta i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden de ni\u015fasta bazl\u0131 \u015feker (NB\u015e) \u00fcretilmekte olup, \u00fclkemizde NB\u015e \u00fcretimi de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk olarak 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretimin 22,3 milyon tona ula\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00fclkemizde \u015feker pancar\u0131na kota s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. ANAP-DSP-MHP koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ise 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 15 g\u00fcnde 15 yasa kapsam\u0131nda 4634 say\u0131l\u0131 \u015eeker Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasaya g\u00f6re olu\u015fturulan \u015eeker Kurumu, \u00fclkemizdeki 33 \u015feker fabrikas\u0131n\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretim kotas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemekte, fabrikalar da kendilerine ayr\u0131lan kotan\u0131n hammaddesini teminen \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcreticileri ya da \u00fcretici temsilcileri ile anla\u015fma imzalamakta, \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretimi de bu taahh\u00fctler do\u011frultusunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u015eeker Kurumu\u2019nun g\u00f6reve ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan sonra \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretimi 12,4 milyon tona kadar gerilemi\u015f olup 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretim 17 milyon ton olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkemizde \u015feker fabrikalar\u0131 kurulu kapasitelerinin olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu gerilemeye paralel olarak \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretici say\u0131s\u0131 da 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda 460 binden 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda 209 bin ki\u015fiye gerilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00dcretimi s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lan \u015feker pancar\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a fazla yarar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eeker pancar\u0131 ekonomiye sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan end\u00fcstri bitkileri i\u00e7inde ikinci s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ift\u00e7iye de en \u00e7ok kazand\u0131ran \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden biridir. M\u00fcnavebede kendinden sonra ekilen bitkiye verimli bir tarla b\u0131rak\u0131r; hububatta %20\u2019lik verim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar. M\u00fcnavebe bitkisi olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla polik\u00fclt\u00fcr tar\u0131m\u0131n yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fck hacmiyle ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pazar olu\u015fturur. Pancar ekiminin ileri teknoloji gerektirmesi, \u00fcreticilerin bilgi ve g\u00f6rg\u00fc d\u00fczeyini artt\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; modern tekniklerin tar\u0131ma girmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde ger\u00e7ek anlamda ilk kooperatifle\u015fme \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretimi sayesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Pancar tarlas\u0131 ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki ormana g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 kat fazla oksijen sa\u011flar. Pancar tar\u0131m\u0131 bu\u011fdaya g\u00f6re 13, m\u0131s\u0131ra g\u00f6re 8, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fine g\u00f6re 5 kat daha fazla istihdam sa\u011flar. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle k\u0131rsal alandan kentlere g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc \u00f6nler. Yan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri olan pancar posas\u0131 ve melas ile pancar\u0131n ba\u015f ve yaprak k\u0131sm\u0131 hayvan yemi olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eeker pancar\u0131 ve sanayi \u00fclkemizde y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyar dolar katma de\u011fer yaratmaktad\u0131r. \u015eeker fabrikalar\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ilde tek sanayi tesisleridir. \u015eeker fabrikalar\u0131 20 binden fazla insana istihdam sa\u011flarken, 6 NB\u015e fabrikas\u0131 sadece 1.000 ki\u015fiyi istihdam etmektedir. \u015eeker fabrikalar\u0131, kurulduklar\u0131 illere tiyatrolar\u0131n gelmesine de arac\u0131l\u0131k etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
M\u0131s\u0131rdan elde edilen NB\u015e, \u00fclkemizde son g\u00fcnlerde insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na olumsuz etkileri y\u00f6n\u00fcyle tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n merkezine oturmu\u015ftur. 27 \u00fcye \u00fclkeye sahip AB\u2019de ortalama 700-800 bin ton NB\u015e \u00fcretilirken, T\u00fcrkiye tek ba\u015f\u0131na her y\u0131l bu miktar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n miktarda NB\u015e \u00fcretmektedir.<\/p>\n
AB\u2019de 2010\/2011 d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7in \u015feker \u00fcretim kotas\u0131 tahsis edilmi\u015f 20 \u00fclkenin NB\u015e \u00fcretim ortalamas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda, %6,5 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde \u015eeker yasas\u0131 ile toplam \u015feker \u00fcretimimizin %10\u2019u NB\u015e \u00fcretimine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019na bu kotay\u0131 %50 artt\u0131rma ve eksiltme yetkisi verilmi\u015ftir. Bakanlar kurulu bu yetkisini her y\u0131l artt\u0131rma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kullanmakta ve \u00fclkemizde NB\u015e \u00fcretim kotas\u0131 genellikle %15 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
AB\u2019de NB\u015e \u00fcretiminde \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Avusturya, \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti, Danimarka, Finlandiya, Fransa, Hollanda, \u0130ngiltere, \u0130sve\u00e7, Litvanya, Romanya ve Yunanistan pancardan \u015feker \u00fcretmektedir, NB\u015e \u00fcretimleri yoktur. Bu \u00fclkelerin ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretimlerinin \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131, m\u0131s\u0131r \u00fcretimlerinin ya \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ya da hi\u00e7 olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eeker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretimi bulunmayan Bulgaristan \u015feker \u00fcretimini tamam\u0131yla NB\u015e\u2019den sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00fclkeler \u015feker \u00fcretimlerini hem pancardan hem de m\u0131s\u0131rdan kar\u015f\u0131lamakta olup NB\u015e kotalar\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu kota Almanya\u2019da %2,5, Polonya\u2019da %3,9, \u0130talya\u2019da %7,8, \u0130spanya\u2019da %12,6, Bel\u00e7ika\u2019da %18,4, Slovakya\u2019da %44,7, Portekiz\u2019de %62,6 ve Macaristan\u2019da %73,6\u2019d\u0131r. Bu \u00fclkelerde NB\u015e kotas\u0131nda \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretiminin azal\u0131p m\u0131s\u0131r \u00fcretiminin art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
AB\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcreticileri Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere \u015fekerini tamam\u0131yla pancardan \u00fcretirken Almanya\u2019da NB\u015e kotas\u0131 %2,5, Polonya\u2019da ise %3,9\u2019dur. T\u00fcrkiye Fransa ve Almanya\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcreticisi konumunda olup NB\u015e kotas\u0131 genellikle %15 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye \u015feker pancar\u0131n\u0131 tamam\u0131yla kendi i\u00e7 \u00fcretimiyle kar\u015f\u0131lamakta, m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131 ise hemen her y\u0131l 500 bin \u2013 1 milyon ton civar\u0131nda d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan almaktad\u0131r. \u015eeker pancar\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131 ve sanayinin \u00fclke ekonomisi ile sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel hayata katk\u0131lar\u0131 yan\u0131nda \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretiminde kendimize yeterlilik, m\u0131s\u0131r \u00fcretiminde ise yetersizli\u011fimiz g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve akl\u0131n se\u00e7mesi gereken yol \u015feker pancar\u0131 ile \u015feker ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r. AB, bilimin yan\u0131nda akl\u0131n\u0131 ve mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u015feker \u00fcretimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmektedir. Bu nedenledir ki T\u00fcrkiye 17 milyon ton \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretir fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 tam kapasite \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmazken Fransa 35 milyon ton, Almanya 26 milyon ton \u015feker pancar\u0131 \u00fcretmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u015eekerimizi \u00fcretme karar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 verirken d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u0131s\u0131r\u0131n GDO\u2019lu olma ihtimalinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek ve NB\u015e elde edilmesinde ni\u015fastan\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan enzimlerin yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayr\u0131ca geneti\u011fi de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f bakterilerden elde edildi\u011fini de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekir.<\/p>\n
GDO\u2019lar\u0131n insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine olumsuz etkileri her platformda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bilim insanlar\u0131nca dile getirilmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131nda NB\u015e\u2019lerin insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine olumsuz etkileri konusunda Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve \u201cBilim Kurulu\u201dnu konuyu incelemek \u00fczere toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Her \u015feyin son derece a\u00e7\u0131k ve net oldu\u011fu, yukar\u0131da \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nleriyle yararlar\u0131ndan k\u0131saca bahsetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z pancardan \u015feker \u00fcretimi ile olumsuzluklar\u0131ndan yine k\u0131saca bahsetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z m\u0131s\u0131rdan NB\u015e \u00fcretimi konusunu masaya yat\u0131rmak \u00fczere \u015eeker Kurumu\u2019nun, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu Sanayi ve Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim y\u00f6n\u00fcyle de Tar\u0131m ve K\u00f6yi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cBilim Kurullar\u0131n\u0131\u201d olmasa da en az\u0131ndan \u201cMant\u0131k Kurullar\u0131n\u0131\u201d g\u00f6reve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 bekliyoruz.<\/p>\n
*Ahmet ATALIK Ziraat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 \u0130stanbul \u015eube Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0130\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz co\u011frafya \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131na uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015feker, \u00fclkemizde \u015feker pancar\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca d\u00fcnyada m\u0131s\u0131r, bu\u011fday ve patates gibi ni\u015fasta i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zengin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden de ni\u015fasta bazl\u0131 \u015feker (NB\u015e) \u00fcretilmekte olup, \u00fclkemizde NB\u015e \u00fcretimi de mevcuttur.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2877","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2877","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2877"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2877\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2877"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2877"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2877"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}