{"id":28982,"date":"2018-04-05T16:12:52","date_gmt":"2018-04-05T13:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=28982"},"modified":"2019-01-30T15:40:32","modified_gmt":"2019-01-30T12:40:32","slug":"bizim-radyoaktif-gelecegimiz-ragip-varol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/bizim-radyoaktif-gelecegimiz-ragip-varol\/","title":{"rendered":"Bizim radyoaktif gelece\u011fimiz – Rag\u0131p Varol"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fckleer enerji denildi\u011fi zaman, sanki elektrik enerjisi de\u011fil de bamba\u015fka bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten bahsedildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u201c\u00dclkeye on tane reakt\u00f6r koysam, be\u015f senede n\u00fckleer bomba yapar k\u00fcresel g\u00fc\u00e7 olurum\u201d beklentisi toplumun malum k\u0131sm\u0131na enjekte edileli \u00e7ok oldu. Mevzu sadece bu olsa bile, yani amac\u0131m\u0131z en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede n\u00fckleer bomba \u00fcretmekse, bunun i\u00e7in gereken \u015feyin elektrik \u00fcreten santrallar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, n\u00fckleer ara\u015ft\u0131rma denilen \u015feyin \u2013 daha do\u011frusu n\u00fckleer kelimesinin anlam\u0131n\u0131n \u2013 falan a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 gerekecek. Fakat biz i\u015fin fantezi k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131p meselenin rasyonel boyutuna ge\u00e7elim.<\/p>\n

Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, tarih \u015funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: n\u00fckleer g\u00fcc\u00fcn ke\u015ffi, molek\u00fcllerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan madde-enerji ili\u015fkisine, radyoaktivitenin ke\u015ffinden t\u0131pta kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmeyle do\u011frudan ili\u015fkiliydi. Elektrik, \u0131s\u0131nma, te\u015fhis ve tedavi gibi bir\u00e7ok alanda varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 heyecan vericiydi. Ancak o d\u00f6nemde 2. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n patlak vermesiyle mesele bamba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ne evrildi: Naziler atom enerjisiyle bir bomba yapma fikrini ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tarihin ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 tam anlam\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015fti. Bu noktadan sonra, insanl\u0131k tarihindeki en \u015feytani icat olan n\u00fckleer bombalar\u0131n imalat\u0131na ili\u015fkin s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, hi\u00e7bir zaman yaln\u0131zca bilimin ve insan gereksinimlerinin taraf\u0131nda olmad\u0131. N\u00fckleer silahlanma, zamanla politik n\u00fcfuz ve askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn teminat\u0131 haline geldi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, atom enerjisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 konusu, ne ama\u00e7la olursa olsun, politik, askeri, toplumsal, end\u00fcstriyel boyutlar\u0131yla birlikte tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r oldu.<\/p>\n

End\u00fcstriyel a\u00e7\u0131dan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fckleer enerjiyle elektrik \u00fcretmesi, planlanan Sinop ve Akkuyu n\u00fckleer santrallar\u0131yla birlikte kurulu g\u00fcc\u00fcn %10 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 demektir. Teorik olarak, Akkuyu\u2019ya in\u015fa edilecek olanla ayn\u0131 kapasitede (4800MW) kurulacak her n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n devreye katk\u0131s\u0131 tam rand\u0131manda %4 olacak ve her bir santral i\u00e7in %0,7 azalarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek. <\/p>\n

K\u00fcm\u00fclatif olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda on y\u0131lda Akkuyu ve Sinop n\u00fckleer santral\u0131 devreye al\u0131n\u0131rsa, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda mevcut elektrik enerji \u00fcretim kapasitemizi %7 artt\u0131rmaktan bahsediyoruz. Yani 25 milyar dolar yat\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015fin elektrik enerjisi getirisi, mevcut kapasitemizdeki %12 kay\u0131p oran\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Buradan hareketle, basit bir mant\u0131kla 25 milyar dolara -ki bu sadece yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetidir- n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6r in\u015fa etmek yerine Trakya ve Anadolu\u2019daki b\u00fct\u00fcn elektrik iletim hatlar\u0131n\u0131, transformat\u00f6rleri, hatta sanayideki kay\u0131plar\u0131 onarmaya yat\u0131rsayd\u0131k, acaba o kadar masrafa girer miydik diye sorabiliriz. Ve bunun iki tane okkal\u0131 cevab\u0131 var: birincisi, evinizde bir priz yand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda di\u011ferine \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc priz takarsan\u0131z, emniyetli bir i\u015f yapm\u0131\u015f olmazs\u0131n\u0131z; \u00f6nce o prizi tamir etmeniz gerekir. Yani ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir hat \u00fczerine ba\u015fka y\u00fckler bindirmek hem tehlikeli i\u015ftir, hem ek maliyettir, hem de verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u0130kincisi, 12% oran\u0131ndaki kay\u0131plar\u0131 3% de\u011ferine bile \u00e7eksek, hem n\u00fckleer at\u0131k gibi bir belaya bula\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olur, hem onard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her bir hatt\u0131 an\u0131nda devreye alarak kapasite art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131llarca beklemeden kademeli olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir, hem de basit ifadeyle kendimizi tamir etmi\u015f oluruz. Zaten bilim camias\u0131n\u0131n, meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u015fam savunucular\u0131n\u0131n bas bas ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bu: b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya n\u00fckleer santrallardan kurtulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken ters y\u00f6ne k\u00fcrek \u00e7ekmenin hi\u00e7bir akla ve mant\u0131\u011fa s\u0131\u011far yan\u0131 yok.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Politik a\u00e7\u0131dan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin n\u00fckleer g\u00fcce sahip olmas\u0131 bir\u00e7oklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck oyuna dahil olmas\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck oyunculardan biri olmas\u0131 \u015feklinde alg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Toplumda etraf\u0131na korku salan, kabaday\u0131, dedi\u011fi dedik ve atarl\u0131 bir G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye heyulas\u0131 yarat\u0131l\u0131yor. Bunu onaylayan ve b\u00f6yle olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inanan \u00e7o\u011funluk hakl\u0131 olsa bile, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin b\u00f6yle bir g\u00fcce sahip olabilmesi i\u00e7in yapmas\u0131 gerekenler, topluma bunun s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc verenlerin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc icraatlar\u0131n\u0131n aksidir. Basit\u00e7e ifade edersek, elimizdeki her \u015feyi satmaktan, onun bunun pazar\u0131 olmaktan, t\u00fcketim toplumu olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, \u00fcretim toplumuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmemiz gerekiyor. Zira n\u00fckleer g\u00fcce sahip olmak i\u00e7in n\u00fckleer ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m. Bu \u015fu demektir: n\u00fckleer ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilecek ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 yarat\u0131lacak ki mevcut e\u011fitim sistemimizin, bilime verilen \u00f6nemin, \u00fcniversitelerin hali malum. Belki CERN gibi de\u011fil ama laboratuvarlar in\u015fa edilecek, tamamen n\u00fckleer i\u015fleyi\u015fe g\u00f6re tasarlanacak ekipman \u00fcretilecek. Ki bu da elindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131, fabrikalar\u0131 -hatta \u015feker fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 bile- satm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcretti\u011fi her \u015feyin malzemesini ithal eden dev bir montaj sanayisinden ibaret, daha n\u00fckleerin n\u2019siyle bile u\u011fra\u015fmam\u0131\u015f memleketimin alt\u0131ndan kalkabilece\u011fi bir i\u015f de\u011fil. N\u00fckleer at\u0131klarla m\u00fccadele teknolojisi geli\u015ftirilecek, buna ili\u015fkin AR-GE kurumlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulacak -elimizdekilerin ahvali i\u00e7in bkz. T\u00fcbitAK- santrallarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak teknik personel e\u011fitilecek, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi mevzuat\u0131 olu\u015fturulacak, at al\u0131nacak, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar ge\u00e7ilecek\u2026<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i konu\u015fuldu\u011funda, \u00c7in teknolojisiyle \u00c7in\u2019de imal edilen ve \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkiye etiketi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir uyduyu uzaya f\u0131rlatmak, Rus teknolojisiyle \u00fclkemize kurulacak n\u00fckleer santrallardan elektrik \u00fcretmek, b\u00fct\u00fcn temel par\u00e7alar\u0131 Avrupa\u2019da imal edilen bir otomobili T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de montajlamak, hi\u00e7birini yerli ve milli yapm\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kendi \u00fcretimi, teknolojisi, kurumlar\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, yollar ve k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin yerini \u00fcretim almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve koca bir tar\u0131msal toprak par\u00e7as\u0131nda ya\u015farken bu\u011fday\u0131 ithal etti\u011fimiz s\u00fcrece bu i\u015fler olmaz. <\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar kahvehane sohbetinden \u00f6teye ge\u00e7se bile, meselenin as\u0131l a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktaya yakla\u015famaz ki o da g\u00fcvenliktir. Olas\u0131 bir n\u00fckleer tehlikeye kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nlemler ve bu konuda edinilmesi gereken bilin\u00e7, televizyonlarda \u00e7ocuklara \u2018n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 iyidir\u2019 dedirtmekten daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. \u0130\u015f cinayetlerinde hala Avrupa birincisi oldu\u011fumuzu, Soma\u2019da kar h\u0131rs\u0131, denetimsizlik ve ihmal y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ya\u015fanan feci katliam\u0131, bunlara ra\u011fmen mevcut i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sisteminin ve denetim mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n ne d\u00fczeyde \u00f6zensiz ve i\u015flevsiz halde oldu\u011funu es ge\u00e7emeyiz. Hala her y\u0131l y\u00fczlerce insan\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal olan ta\u015feron sistemini ve rant ekonomisini g\u00f6rmezden gelemeyiz. Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn muktedirinin, Rize\u2019de radyasyonlu \u00e7ay\u0131 tepeye dikerek \u00c7ernobil konusunda toplumu rahatlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bakan\u0131n ve yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131 erkin sureti oldu\u011funu has\u0131r alt\u0131 edemeyiz.<\/p>\n

Meselenin radyoaktif malzeme madencili\u011fi k\u0131sm\u0131na hi\u00e7 girmeden, \u00e7evresel boyutunu ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da tablo pek i\u00e7 a\u00e7m\u0131yor. Zira at\u0131k denildi\u011finde akl\u0131m\u0131za hala ya topra\u011fa g\u00f6mmek, ya da suya vermek geliyor. Bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnden kalks\u0131n da, nas\u0131lsa do\u011fa gerisini halleder diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz. Bu alg\u0131daki sakatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kenara b\u0131rakarak, konu n\u00fckleer at\u0131k oldu\u011funda bunun dahi ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmak gerekiyor. Bir \u015fey radyoaktif ise konumunu de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizde \u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131m yaymaktan vazge\u00e7mez, uranyumdan ko\u015farak ka\u00e7\u0131lmaz. Suya verirseniz bal\u0131klar, topra\u011fa verirseniz bitkiler kanser olur -mutasyonu hafiflettim- ve onlar\u0131 yiyerek siz de kanser olursunuz. Ya uzaya f\u0131rlatacaks\u0131n\u0131z, ya da sabit bir yerde tutarak do\u011faya kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyeceksiniz. \u0130kincisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, bir yere s\u00fcrekli n\u00fckleer at\u0131k y\u0131\u011fmak ve tedbir almaktan bahsediyoruz. En ufak bir hatada, tedbiri elden b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ya da ar\u0131za durumunda kendimizi muazzam bir kaosun i\u00e7erisinde bulmaktan bahsediyoruz. Reakt\u00f6r\u00fcn so\u011futma sistemindeki olas\u0131 bir t\u0131kanma ve ar\u0131zada n\u00fckleer patlama riskinden bahsediyoruz. Daha termik santral\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kirlili\u011fe \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulamam\u0131\u015fken, hatta b\u0131rak\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmay\u0131 tamamen kendi haline b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015fken \u2013 \u00f6rne\u011fin Eski\u015fehir Alpu\u2019ya kurulacak yeni termik santral\u0131n at\u0131k k\u00fcl\u00fcyle, oraya a\u00e7\u0131lacak madenlerin b\u00f6lgedeki verimli ovaya verece\u011fi zarardan bahsedenlere daha \u015fimdiden akl\u0131n\u0131za gelebilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc bask\u0131 uygulan\u0131yor – n\u00fckleer santral\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini al\u0131p at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek bilincimizin, teknik becerimizin, toplumsal alg\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en az y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6tesindedir.<\/p>\n

Konunun ku\u015fkusuz daha bir\u00e7ok boyutu var ancak burada toparlarsak, n\u00fckleer enerjinin mevcut d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeninde hem tarihsel, hem teknik, hem de g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarar\u0131na olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. N\u00fckleer enerji b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya yarardan \u00e7ok y\u0131k\u0131m ve katliam getirmi\u015f, tarih boyunca siyasi gerilimlerin ve sava\u015f dilinin pelesengi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan, son derece \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde titizlik ve bilin\u00e7 gerektiren n\u00fckleer santral kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n Fransa gibi y\u00fcksek kapasitede uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde bile geri b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, yaln\u0131zca Fuku\u015fima dahi hat\u0131rlan\u0131rsa, al\u0131nan risk b\u00fct\u00fcn boyutlar\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. \u00d6te yandan, T\u00fcrkiye ne toplumsal bilin\u00e7, ne teknik altyap\u0131, ne e\u011fitim, ne de end\u00fcstriyel a\u00e7\u0131dan n\u00fckleer bir santrala katiyetle haz\u0131r de\u011fildir. Bu \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kap\u0131l\u0131p belli politik \u00e7evrelerin siyasi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00fclkemizi b\u00f6ylesi bir belaya bula\u015ft\u0131rmak, her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za, torunlar\u0131m\u0131za, gelecek ku\u015faklara yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr. B\u0131rak\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada n\u00fckleer kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 m\u00fccadeleyi y\u00fckseltmek gelece\u011fin d\u00fcnyas\u0131na borcumuzdur.<\/p>\n

Sinop Ayanc\u0131k\u2019ta n\u00fckleer kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 kampta
\nKaradeniz dalgalar\u0131n\u0131n aram\u0131zdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 fidan,
\n\u00d6ner, Soner ve G\u00fcne\u015f an\u0131s\u0131na sayg\u0131yla\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Rag\u0131p Varol \/ Maden M\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"N\u00fckleer enerji denildi\u011fi zaman, sanki elektrik enerjisi de\u011fil de bamba\u015fka bir g\u00fc\u00e7ten…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4714,4734,1991],"tags":[82,202],"class_list":{"0":"post-28982","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-enerji-yazilar","8":"category-enerji-dosyasi","9":"category-yazilar","10":"tag-nukleer","11":"tag-nukleer-santral"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28982"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28982\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}