Asbest, \u0131s\u0131ya, bas\u0131nca, a\u015f\u0131nmaya ve kimyasal maddelere dayan\u0131kl\u0131, lifli bir yap\u0131da olan silikat (magnezyum silikat, kalsiyum-magnezyum silikat, demir-magnezyum silikat) bile\u015fimindeki mineralin ortak ad\u0131. Havada toz \u015feklinde yay\u0131labilen ve g\u00f6zle g\u00f6rmeden maruz kalabilece\u011fimiz mikro \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir madde olan asbest ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131za gizlice giriyor. Asbest hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n neresinde?<\/strong><\/p>\n Asbeste iki \u015fekilde maruz kalabiliriz. Birincisi jeoelojik ko\u015fullardan kaynakl\u0131, \u00e7evresel asbest maruziyeti. Yani jeolojik olarak kaya ve toprak niteli\u011finde var olan asbest olu\u015fumlar\u0131ndan veya bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131 malzemesi olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan maruziyetler. \u00d6zellikle 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda asbest liflerinin \u00e7imentoya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak asbestli \u00e7imento \u00fcretilmesi ile t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131 bu kullan\u0131m. Pek \u00e7ok yap\u0131n\u0131n harc\u0131na asbest girdi.<\/p>\n Asbestli yap\u0131 malzemelerinin y\u0131k\u0131m \u00f6ncesinde usul\u00fcne uygun olarak s\u00f6k\u00fclerek y\u0131k\u0131m mahallinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan\/par\u00e7alanan yap\u0131 malzemesi i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kan ve g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek boyutlardaki asbest partik\u00fclleri havaya sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Asbest lifleri havayla al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu liflerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu havay\u0131 soluyan bizlerin hava yollar\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinde birikir. Bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst solunum yollar\u0131n\u0131n yukar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde kalan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bo\u011fazdaki mukus tabakas\u0131yla birlikte balgamla at\u0131l\u0131r veya yutulur. Ancak bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc akci\u011ferin derin k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na kadar iner ve v\u00fccuttan hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00e7\u0131kmayabilir.<\/p>\n \u0130kinci bir maruziyet bi\u00e7imi ise end\u00fcstriyel \/ mesleki maruziyet. Sanayide asbest \u00fcretim ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile asbestli malzemelerin s\u00f6k\u00fcm, y\u0131k\u0131m ve tadilat\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen maruziyet. Gerilme direncinin y\u00fcksek olu\u015fu, \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ok ge\u00e7irmemesi ve kimyasallara kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7lilik \u00f6zellikleri sebebiyle u\u00e7ak, gemi ve otomobil sanayisinde, in\u015faatlarda ve ses – \u0131s\u0131 izolasyonlar\u0131 gibi pek \u00e7ok i\u015f kolunda kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n 1960\u2019larda G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n madenlerinde asbest yataklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7ilerde g\u00f6zlemlenen kanser vakalar\u0131 sonucu, doktorlar\u0131n da uyar\u0131lar\u0131yla birlikte asbest kullan\u0131m\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. 20.yy\u2019\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011finden itibaren WHO \u2013 International Agency for Research on Cancer (D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc-Uluslararas\u0131 Kanser Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi)\u2019 nin \u201cKanserojen Maddeler\u201d listesinde Grup IA kanserojen olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok Avrupa \u00fclkesinde 1990 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren yasaklanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dclkemizde de ge\u00e7mi\u015fte pek \u00e7ok binan\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lan asbest 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yasakland\u0131. Ancak bug\u00fcn y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar par\u00e7alanan \u00e7imentolarla birlikte asbesti havayla yani nefesimizle bulu\u015fturuyor. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ile her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projeleri kapsam\u0131nda binalar y\u0131k\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 hala da devam ediyor. 20 y\u0131lda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen y\u0131k\u0131lacak bina say\u0131s\u0131 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 bin 500. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2010 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan binalarda asbest riski bulunuyor. T\u0131bb\u0131 Jeoloji alan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok kitab\u0131 bulunan Dr. E\u015fref Atabey, 1930 ile 1980 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f t\u00fcm yap\u0131 ve tesislerde asbestli malzeme kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131ca \u2018y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n bulu\u015fu\u2019 olarak kabul edilen asbestin 1960-1980 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da end\u00fcstride yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor.<\/p>\n CLK Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Elektrik taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Gayrimenkul\u00fcn Enerjisi Raporu’nda, \u015eubat 2016 itibar\u0131yla kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm bina y\u0131k\u0131m istatistiklerinde \u0130stanbul Avrupa Yakas\u0131’nda \u015eubat-Eyl\u00fcl d\u00f6neminde 12 bin 261 konut y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. Bu say\u0131 bize \u0130stanbul Avrupa Yakas\u0131\u2019nda ortalama her g\u00fcn 51 binan\u0131n kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Yani kentin 4 bir yan\u0131nda asbest tehlikesi \u00e7ok ciddi boyutta.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7evresel asbest maruziyetinden kaynakl\u0131 160 bin ki\u015fi asbest tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k %15\u2019i asbest mineralinin bulunabilece\u011fi kaya\u00e7lar ve bu kaya\u00e7lardan t\u00fcremi\u015f toprakla kapl\u0131. \u201cAktoprak\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu asbestli olu\u015fumlar topraklar\u0131n, k\u00f6y yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde, yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunabiliyor. Asbestli topraklar\u0131n g\u00f6zlendi\u011fi yerle\u015fim yerleriyle asbeste ba\u011fl\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hastal\u0131klarda bir paralellik oldu\u011funu 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda haz\u0131rlanan T\u00fcrkiye Asbest Kontrol\u00fc Strateji Plan\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Aktoprak nedenli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iller K\u00fctahya, Eski\u015fehir, Diyarbak\u0131r, Sivas ve Elaz\u0131\u011f. Ayr\u0131ca asbestli topraklar\u0131n g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi bir haritada da K\u00fctahya ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019i g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Say\u0131larla ifade etmek gerekirse T\u00fcrkiye Asbest Kontrol\u00fc Stratejik Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re 62 il ve 1571 k\u00f6yde asbest \u015f\u00fcphesi tespit edildi. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki incelemede de 41 ilde 379 k\u00f6yde yakla\u015f\u0131k 160 bin ki\u015fi asbest tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n Peki denetim nas\u0131l ve sorumlular kim?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7evre ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00c7evre Y\u00f6netimi Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nden 30 Aral\u0131k 2010 tarihinde yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamaya g\u00f6re, kansere neden olan asbestin \u00fcretimi, kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve asbest i\u00e7eren e\u015fyan\u0131n piyasaya sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan, \u201cBaz\u0131 Tehlikeli Maddelerin, M\u00fcstahzarlar\u0131n ve E\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00dcretimine, Piyasaya Arz\u0131na ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin K\u0131s\u0131tlamalar Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelikte De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019\u2019 Resmi Gazetede 29 A\u011fustos 2010 tarihinde yay\u0131mland\u0131. \u0130l\u00e7e belediyelerinin , Hafriyat Topra\u011f\u0131, \u0130n\u015faat ve Y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 At\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Kontrol\u00fc Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi ve Asbestle \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve G\u00fcvenlik \u00d6nlemleri Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik gere\u011fince y\u0131k\u0131m \u00f6ncesi binalarda asbest kontrol\u00fc yapmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Ancak TMMOB \u0130KK Asbest Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul\u2019da y\u0131k\u0131m \u00f6ncesi asbest denetimi yapan sadece 7 il\u00e7e belediyesi bulunuyor. Bir\u00e7ok kentte, il\u00e7ede, yerle\u015fim alan\u0131nda bu kontroller yap\u0131lm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nlem al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n denetimi \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yerel belediye sorumlulu\u011funda. Yani denetim kamusal bir g\u00f6rev. Ancak \u00f6rnekler bu g\u00f6revlerin yerine getirilmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. En yak\u0131n zamanda da Ankara\u2019daki Havagaz\u0131 Fabrikas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131nda asbest kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Maltepe Havagaz\u0131 Fabrikas\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131na ra\u011fmen 350 ton asbestli malzeme bulunan elektrik santrali \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmadan y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Ankara\u2019da ya\u015fayanlar asbestli hava solumaya maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz \u015fubat ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan Abdi \u0130pek\u00e7i Spor Salonu\u2019nda da asbest kontrol\u00fc yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 durdurulmu\u015ftu. Bunlar bas\u0131na yans\u0131yanlar, kamuoyu yaratabildiklerimiz. \u00d6zetle asbest ortal\u0131\u011fa yay\u0131l\u0131yor, AKP izliyor ve halk\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kentlerde mantar gibi t\u00fcreyen in\u015faat y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131nda, mahalle aralar\u0131nda devam eden eski bina d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinin asbest denetimi yap\u0131lmak zorunda. Kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in KHK \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetim konusundaki k\u00f6t\u00fc karnesini de\u011fi\u015ftirmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam hakk\u0131m\u0131z.<\/p>\n Asbest solumak istemiyoruz!<\/p>\n Sezen \u00d6zkan \/ \u00c7evre m\u00fchendisli\u011fi \u00f6\u011frencisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Havalar g\u00fcne\u015fli, bahar\u0131n geli\u015fiyle i\u00e7imiz k\u0131p\u0131r k\u0131p\u0131r. Ku\u015flarla, b\u00f6ceklerle do\u011fa c\u0131v\u0131l c\u0131v\u0131l.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4723,1991],"tags":[3507,4058],"class_list":{"0":"post-29079","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kent-ve-doga-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-asbest","10":"tag-asbets-tehlikesi"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29079"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29079\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/asbestos-1.jpg\")
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\n\u00c7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcyen kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ve gizli asbest<\/strong><\/p>\n