\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son 15 y\u0131l\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00f6zellikle se\u00e7im d\u00f6nemlerinde s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndeme getirilen ve propaganda arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan ekonomik geli\u015fmenin\/b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin itici g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fini art\u0131k kimse yads\u0131m\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7ekten de farkl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde yap\u0131lan projelere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n finansal b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck, kapasite ve istihdam bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece a\u00e7\u0131k bir farkla \u00f6n planda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n
Bunun sebeplerini politik ba\u011flamda incelersek, d\u00fcsturunu esasen Necmettin Erbakan ekol\u00fcnden, k\u00f6klerini ise Adnan Menderes\u2019ten alan Milli G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f \u00e7izgisinin yerel y\u00f6netimler ve belediyecilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne almal\u0131y\u0131z. Zira siyasal islam\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc Milli Selamet, Fazilet, Refah Partisi \u00e7izgisinde siyaset yapan ya da buralara \u00f6yk\u00fcnen iktidarlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli finansal arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat projeleri oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. \u0130lkin Kayseri ve Konya gibi kentlerde kendini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flayan, daha sonra Erzurum, Rize gibi farkl\u0131 co\u011frafi b\u00f6lgelere yay\u0131lan bu ekol, halk\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde di\u011fer politik geleneklere nazaran daha \u00e7ok olumlan\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ortada g\u00f6rsel bir \u2018kalitelile\u015fme\u2019 vard\u0131r; yollar, kald\u0131r\u0131mlar, ye\u015fil alan d\u00fczenlemeleri, trafik tertibi ve kenar mahallelerin toplu ta\u015f\u0131mayla kente dahil edilmesi insanlarda \u2018hayat\u0131m\u0131z kolayla\u015ft\u0131\u2019 alg\u0131s\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki g\u00f6rece do\u011frudur da. Menderes d\u00f6neminde tarlalarda cirit atmaya ba\u015flayan trakt\u00f6rler \u00e7ift\u00e7i \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l bir etki yaratt\u0131ysa, kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu t\u00fcr yat\u0131r\u0131mlar da kentliler \u00fczerinde ayn\u0131 etkiyi yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fiilen durum b\u00f6yleyken, arka planda \u2018d\u00f6nenler\u2019 pek de umursanmad\u0131. Liberal i\u00e7 politika s\u00f6ylemleri sayesinde, edinilen \u2018konfor\u2019 kullan\u0131lan kaynaklara ili\u015fkin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ti. \u00d6yle ki, Menderes d\u00f6nemindeki Marshall yard\u0131mlar\u0131ndan son 15 y\u0131lda al\u0131nan 350 milyar dolar d\u0131\u015f borca kadar gelinen s\u00fcre\u00e7te, bu bor\u00e7lanmayla her ne yap\u0131ld\u0131ysa milli bir meseleymi\u015f\u00e7esine tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu noktada \u00f6zellikle 1980 sonras\u0131 toplum, kodlar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilen bireycilik ve kolayc\u0131l\u0131kla beraber bu t\u00fcr projelerin in\u015fas\u0131na dair kamuoyu onay\u0131nda kilit bir rol oynad\u0131. Yolsuzluklar, r\u00fc\u015fvet, hibe kol gezerken insanlar market arabalar\u0131n\u0131 kasalara s\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve \u00e7ekirdekleriyle birlikte televizyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7ip bankerlerin reklamlar\u0131na \u00f6yk\u00fcnd\u00fcler. K\u0131sa yoldan zengin olman\u0131n, k\u00f6\u015feyi d\u00f6nmenin, ‘d\u00fcn d\u00fcnd\u00fcr bug\u00fcn bug\u00fcnd\u00fcr’ demenin hesab\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131lar ve \u201cl\u00fck\u00fcs hayat\u201d ziyadesiyle a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fundan zamanla \u00fcretme kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen yitirerek \u201cmodern\u201d t\u00fcketicilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler.
\nB\u00f6ylesi bir ortamda, se\u00e7im meydanlar\u0131, mikrofonlara, ilkelerini ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin gelece\u011fi \u00fczerine fikirlerini ba\u011f\u0131ranlar yerine, kimin nereye ka\u00e7 \u00e7ivi \u00e7akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinden birbirleriyle a\u011f\u0131z dala\u015f\u0131na giren siyaset\u00e7ilerle doldu.<\/p>\n
AKP, bu s\u00fcrecin son ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck krizinde do\u011fdu. Gitgide ayn\u0131la\u015fan ve politika \u00fcretme yeterlili\u011fini yitiren partilerin t\u0131kad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyaset ortam\u0131nda yeni projelerle, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve birle\u015ftirici s\u00f6ylemlerle, at\u0131l\u0131m vadeden enerjik bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcyle sahneye \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Neoliberal program\u0131n en ‘iyi’ uygulay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc verdi. En b\u00fcy\u00fck vaadi \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrkiye\u201d idi ve devasa bir kitleyi bunu kendine has y\u00f6ntemlerle ba\u015faraca\u011f\u0131na ikna etti. Ekonomiyi d\u00fczeltecek, \u00fclkeyi \u015fahland\u0131racak ve hak etti\u011fi ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131. Esasen neoliberalizme, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme heyulas\u0131na yaslanan bu politikas\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede heveskarlar\u0131ndan yani baz\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona ayd\u0131n, entelekt\u00fcel, liberal \u00e7evrelerden de b\u00fcy\u00fck destek ald\u0131. Gazetelere g\u00f6re toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck kesimi \u00f6zlemlerini AKP ile giderebilirdi ve art\u0131k bir \u015feylerin k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n
Sonras\u0131nda olanlar\u0131, bu heyulan\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi getirdi\u011fi noktay\u0131 bug\u00fcnlerde en a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekliyle ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. \u00d6nc\u00fclleri gibi, AKP de bu vaatlerini in\u015faat yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme y\u00f6ntemini uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, s\u00fcrecin ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan rasyonel bir analizini yapmak ad\u0131na, her biri incelemeye de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n
Ne yap\u0131ld\u0131, nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/strong> Buradaki d\u00f6rt projenin ortak \u00f6zellikleri, yap-i\u015flet-devret modeliyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131, d\u0131\u015f kredi kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve geri \u00f6demesine ipotek olarak kapasite garantileri verilmesi, her birinin AKP propagandas\u0131 ad\u0131na yo\u011fun \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve in\u015faat ihalelerinin adlar\u0131n\u0131 zamanla s\u0131k\u00e7a duydu\u011fumuz belli ba\u015fl\u0131 \u015firketlere verilmesidir. Bir not olarak eklemek gerekirse, yak\u0131n zamanda g\u00fcndeme gelen \u015fehir hastaneleri, bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda karayolu, toplu konut, i\u015f kuleleri gibi yat\u0131r\u0131mlarda da tablo yukar\u0131dakinden \u00e7ok da farkl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Yap-i\u015flet-devret modeli, ilk ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hazinenin y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc belli oranda hafifletmi\u015fti. Amac\u0131 kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck projelerin ilk yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetlerinden kurtarmak, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fc te\u015fvik etmek, yabanc\u0131 sermayeyi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmak ve kazan-kazan ili\u015fkisi kurmakt\u0131. Ancak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi kendi i\u00e7inde de \u00e7eli\u015fen ama\u00e7lar\u0131, sonu\u00e7lara da g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr d\u00fczeyde hazin \u015fekilde yans\u0131d\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetinden kurtulan kamu, serbest piyasa uygulan\u0131nca i\u015fletme maliyetinin alt\u0131nda ezildi. B\u00f6yle olunca \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u015fletmecilik d\u00fcsturu gere\u011fi nitelikten \u00e7ok niceli\u011fe y\u00f6neldi, s\u00fcr\u00fcmden kazanma yoluna gitti. Yabanc\u0131 sermaye de dolar kuru y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e kendini emniyetli alana \u00e7ekerek vadesinde \u00f6denmeyen alacaklar\u0131n\u0131n pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u00f6z kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 katma de\u011fere \u00e7evirmek \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, elimizdekini de in\u015faat\u0131 bitmemi\u015f \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc havaliman\u0131na ve ge\u00e7medi\u011fimiz k\u00f6pr\u00fclere yat\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olduk.<\/p>\n Yap\u0131lan bir b\u00fcy\u00fck hata da \u2013iyi niyetle s\u00f6yleyelim- verilen kullan\u0131m garantilerinin rasyonel olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Genel olarak karayolu projelerinde i\u015fin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hesaplan\u0131rken birim zamanda ge\u00e7ecek ara\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131 referans al\u0131n\u0131r ve yap\u0131lacak imalat\u0131n kapasitesi buna g\u00f6re belirlenir. Daha sonra e\u011fer m\u00fcteahhit firmaya ge\u00e7i\u015f garantisi verilecekse, bu veriler \u00fczerinden de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r. Aksi durumda ya ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layamayan, ya da ihtiyaca fazla gelen bir i\u015f yapars\u0131n\u0131z. Yukar\u0131da \u00f6rne\u011fini verdi\u011fimiz d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck projenin de ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi, ikincisidir. Yani ta\u015f\u0131yacaklar\u0131 kapasite, mevcuttan en az iki kat y\u00fcksektir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve i\u015fletme maliyetleri de iki kat artt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, verilen ge\u00e7i\u015f garantisi ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fildir ve rant gayesi belirgindir.<\/p>\n D\u0131\u015f kredi kullan\u0131m\u0131, konu \u00f6zelinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece \u00f6nemli ve meselenin ana g\u00f6vdesini olu\u015fturuyor. \u015e\u00f6yle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim; 100 k\u00fcsur milyar dolar d\u0131\u015f borcu olan ve \u00fcretimden yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katma de\u011fer bunu kar\u015f\u0131lamayan bir \u00fclke, zaruri olarak ekonomi politikas\u0131n\u0131 ikincisini artt\u0131rmaya odaklar. Tabi borcunu tamamen kapatmak istiyorsa. Aksi durumda, ne yaparsan\u0131z yap\u0131n o bor\u00e7 artacak, zamanla astronomik seviyelere ula\u015facakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, devlet -\u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn te\u015fvikiyle veya kendisi- mutlaka ve mutlaka b\u00fct\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 buraya yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Siyasi dile pelesenk edilmi\u015f \u201cfabrika kurmak\u201d tabiri \u015faka falan de\u011fildir, sistemin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc krizini a\u015fmas\u0131 ad\u0131na olmazsa olmaz bir ihtiyac\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan, e\u011fer bu borca ek olarak yeni bir d\u0131\u015f kredi kullan\u0131lacaksa, b\u00f6ylesi yat\u0131r\u0131mlara y\u00f6nlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n Yap\u0131lan i\u015fte bunun tam tersiydi. Acil ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olmayan k\u00f6pr\u00fclere, konuta, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f ve ticaret binalar\u0131na siyasi propaganda i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplam d\u0131\u015f borcunun \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 kadar para g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc ve tamam\u0131 krediydi. Hal b\u00f6yle olunca, ihracata, \u00fcretime herhangi bir katk\u0131s\u0131 olmayan y\u0131\u011f\u0131nla dev projeyle, gelece\u011fimiz \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131, ipotek alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Dengesiz sanayile\u015fmeyi dengesiz bor\u00e7lanma ve \u00f6l\u00fc yat\u0131r\u0131mlar izleyince, kendi \u00f6z g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen yitiren \u00fclkemiz, kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 da teker teker elinden \u00e7\u0131kararak tamamen d\u00fcnya piyasas\u0131n\u0131n otob\u00fcs dura\u011f\u0131 haline geldi. Asr\u0131n projelerinin halka maliyeti<\/strong> Projelerin maliyetlerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, izlenen y\u00f6ntemin verdi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klar daha da belirginle\u015fiyor. Somutla\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekirse, Osmangazi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc 10 milyar liraya, Yavuz Sultan Selim K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc 8,5 milyar liraya, Avrasya t\u00fcneli 5,8 milyar liraya, \u015fehir hastaneleri 17,1 milyar liraya, Zafer Havaliman\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131 yollar\u0131 toplamda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 41 milyar liraya in\u015fa edildi. Bu \u015fu demek; e\u011fer devlet bu projeleri kendi g\u00fcc\u00fcyle yapsayd\u0131 bizi 150 milyar lira ek y\u00fckten kurtarm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131. Halka kendilerince d\u00fcnya devi bir \u00fclke vadedip arka planda emperyalizme reverans verenler bu i\u015fte bu denli ustala\u015fmasayd\u0131, bizzat verdikleri imtiyazlar\u0131n ucu buca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011filken bug\u00fcn dolar\u0131n y\u00fckselip durmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerin oyununa ba\u011flamaktan hi\u00e7 de\u011filse utan\u0131rlard\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ahvalde, s\u00fcr\u00fcklendi\u011fimiz felaketin ekonomik tarifinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakinden daha do\u011fru bir c\u00fcmle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fik\u00e2r.<\/p>\n AKP\u2019nin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye maliyeti 45 y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/strong> *<\/strong>\u00d6denmeyecek! \u00d6demiyoruz!<\/em> (\u00e7ev. F\u00fcsun Demirel)<\/p>\n Rag\u0131p Varol \/ Maden m\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00d6ncelikle, yaz\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 bahsi ge\u00e7en projelere duyulan ihtiyac\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n ne kadar\u0131n\u0131…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4723,1991,4735],"tags":[4109,1607,4110,4108,2906,3527],"class_list":{"0":"post-29426","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kent-ve-doga-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"category-yap-islet-devret-projeleri","10":"tag-ak-balon","11":"tag-akp","12":"tag-kamu-ihaleleri","13":"tag-neoliberalizm","14":"tag-secim","15":"tag-yap-islet-devret"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29426"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29426\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nFarazi bir tart\u0131\u015fma yapmadan, do\u011frudan rakamlar\u0131n diliyle konu\u015fmak gerekirse, AKP d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan d\u00f6rt b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 ele alabiliriz: Zafer Havaliman\u0131, Avrasya T\u00fcneli, Osmangazi K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ve Yavuz Sultan Selim K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc.
\n![\"\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/screen-shot-2018-06-12-at-21-31-25.png\")
<\/a><\/p>\n<\/a><\/p>\n
\nAsl\u0131nda tabloda yaz\u0131yor. Vade tarihine kadar her y\u0131l \u00f6deyece\u011fimiz rakamlar\u0131 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, \u00fcst\u00fcne \u015fehir hastanelerinin maliyetini de ekledi\u011fimizde, asr\u0131n projeleri bize tam tam\u0131na 192 milyar TL vergi y\u00fck\u00fc bindirmi\u015f durumda. Elbette bu rakam, \u00fcretimden ve tar\u0131mdan kay\u0131plar g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fena halde can s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n
\nToparlarsak, asr\u0131n projeleri, sunuldu\u011fu gibi ger\u00e7ekten T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 15 y\u0131l boyunca geli\u015fmesinin ve g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinin bir sonucu olsayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn b\u00f6yle bir d\u0131\u015f borcumuz olmazd\u0131. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 30 y\u0131l boyunca -\u00fclkeyi y\u00f6neteceklerin kimli\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak- \u00f6denmek \u00fczere 350 milyar TL, mevcut stat\u00fckonun siyasi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmasayd\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi kalk\u0131nd\u0131rmak ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin eme\u011fiyle in\u015fa edilen dev yap\u0131lar\u0131n sefas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcren ve rant\u0131n\u0131 cebine indiren z\u00fcmre ve onun ekonomik \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 bu denli her \u015feyin \u00fczerinde tutulmasayd\u0131, yak\u0131n gelecek hakk\u0131nda olumlu \u015feyler konu\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olurdu.<\/p>\n
\nBana kal\u0131rsa, Dario Fo\u2019nun \u00fcnl\u00fc tiyatro oyunundan hayli etkin bir se\u00e7enek \u00fcretilebilir:
\n-Non si paga! Non si paga!*<\/strong><\/p>\n