{"id":29736,"date":"2018-08-13T16:00:40","date_gmt":"2018-08-13T13:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=29736"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:43:59","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:43:59","slug":"gocen-istinatlar-degil-kamusal-denetim-ve-yaptirimdir-ersin-kiris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/gocen-istinatlar-degil-kamusal-denetim-ve-yaptirimdir-ersin-kiris\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00f6\u00e7en, istinatlar de\u011fil, kamusal denetim ve yapt\u0131r\u0131md\u0131r \u2013 Ersin Kiri\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>&#8216;Bir m\u00fchendis bilir ki, e\u011fer bir iksa y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, istinat yerle bir olmu\u015fsa, proje veya imalat s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, denetim s\u00fcreci de i\u015fletilmemi\u015ftir. Bunu hepimizin bildi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ek haline getirme ve sorumlular\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla te\u015fhir etme g\u00f6revimiz var.&#8217;<a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/istinat.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"389\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29737\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/istinat.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcnlerde herkesin g\u00f6z\u00fc ekonomide, d\u00f6viz \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 indi, a\u00e7\u0131klama geldi, gitti, zamlar geldi, gelecek, \u00fccretler eridi, yok olacak ve daha fazlas\u0131. Bu hengamede \u00f6nemli bir olay\u0131n g\u00fcndemde kalma s\u00fcresi de olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Ya\u015fand\u0131 bitti hesab\u0131. Bitmeyense, ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tam ortas\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, her g\u00fcn ba\u015fka birimizin can\u0131n\u0131 tehlikeye atan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fckler, kazalar, su ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131, hafriyat kamyonlar\u0131\u2026 Listeyi uzatmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6zellikle \u0130stanbul\u2019un d\u00f6rt bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde y\u0131k\u0131lan istinat duvarlar\u0131, iksalar ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz haftalarda g\u00fcndemimizdi. 24 Temmuz\u2019da \u0130stanbul S\u00fctl\u00fcce\u2019de derin bir in\u015faat temelindeki uygunsuz iksa, ya\u011fmur sonras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan toprak y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yamayarak g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc, ard\u0131ndan yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki yap\u0131 yerle bir oldu.<\/p>\n<p>28 Temmuz\u2019da \u0130stanbul Sancaktepe\u2019de Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu bir okul bah\u00e7esinin iksa duvar\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fc, bah\u00e7e yerle bir oldu. Okulda \u00f6\u011frenciler olsa belki de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir facia ya\u015fanacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>30 Temmuz\u2019da \u00dcmraniye\u2019de in\u015faat\u0131n temel kaz\u0131s\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lan istinat duvar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan yol da yerle bir oldu. Bir haftada 3 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck. Biraz daha ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6nsek, \u00f6rnekleri artt\u0131rmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130stinat ve iksa nedir, neden g\u00f6\u00e7er?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0130stinat ve iksa duvarlar\u0131, derin in\u015faat kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda, kot (y\u00fckseklik) fark\u0131 olan zeminler aras\u0131nda dayanak olu\u015fturan, arkas\u0131nda kalan toprak y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc\/\u00e7evresel y\u00fckleri s\u0131rtlayan, ta\u015f\u0131yan yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131d\u0131r. En basit anlamda, istinat duvarlar\u0131 temelli, iksalar ise temeli olmayan, fonksiyonlar\u0131 benzer ama yap\u0131sal \u00f6zellikleri farkl\u0131 dayama ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130stinat ya da iksa duvarlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle proje s\u00fcreci vard\u0131r ve m\u00fchendislik hesaplamalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131r. Bu hesap, duvar\u0131n\/y\u00fczeyin y\u00fcksekli\u011fine, ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen y\u00fck, depremsel y\u00fcklerin yarataca\u011f\u0131 etkiler, uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgedeki zemin \u00f6zellikleri (et\u00fcdlerine) g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Her g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck sonras\u0131nda g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7isi ilan edilen \u2018ya\u011fmur, ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u2019 yani su y\u00fck\u00fc ise istinat ya da iksa projesi i\u00e7in hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu bir de\u011fi\u015fkendir. Suyun, duvar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda ek y\u00fck olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 her m\u00fchendis taraf\u0131ndan bilinir ve hesaba dahil edilir. Bu nedenle, iksa ve istinat duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayacak su y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn tahliyesi (drenaj\u0131) proje i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Yani ya\u011fmur ya\u011fd\u0131 o nedenle y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u2019 yorumunun bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan herhangi bir anlam\u0131 yoktur. Sa\u011flam ve g\u00fcvenli bir istinat\/iksa i\u00e7in ilk a\u015fama, y\u00fckleri do\u011fru belirlenmi\u015f ve hesaplar\u0131, tahliye sistemi teknik \u015fartnamelerle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir projedir.<a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/e9629c91-91a0-4c4a-85ab-b8cda0a517b6.jpeg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-29738\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/e9629c91-91a0-4c4a-85ab-b8cda0a517b6.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"412\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Projeye uygun imalat i\u00e7in denetim, yapt\u0131r\u0131m \u015fart<\/strong><br \/>\nKent i\u00e7inde bu kadar fazla in\u015faat\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve her bir soka\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6stebek gibi e\u015fildi\u011fi ve ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafyan\u0131n e\u011fimli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa istinat ve iksalar\u0131n s\u0131k kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliriz. Yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda olan bu yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan projelerin ikinci ad\u0131m\u0131 uygulama\/imalat\/in\u015fa a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. Temeli, g\u00f6vdesi, drenaj\u0131, yap\u0131s\u0131 projede belirlenen istinat\u0131n, iksan\u0131n projeye uygun in\u015fa edilmesi gerekir. Projede ve uygulamada teknik \u015fartnameleri yerine getiren bir istinat duvar\u0131 veya iksa ya\u011fmurla ya da kendili\u011finden g\u00f6\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130ktidar\u0131n rant alan\u0131 bizim can\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 al\u0131yor<\/strong><br \/>\nSa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in proje ve imalat a\u015famas\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli \u015fart denetimdir. Bu noktada g\u00f6rev yerel y\u00f6netimlerin, \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n. Sancaktepe&#8217;deki okul bah\u00e7esinde oldu\u011fu gibi kamuya ait in\u015faatlarda proje sahibi kurumlar\u0131n da denetleme sorumlulu\u011fu var. Ancak AKP iktidar\u0131 t\u00fcm denetim\/yapt\u0131r\u0131m sorumlulu\u011funu bilerek ve isteyerek ask\u0131ya al\u0131yor. M\u00fcteahhitlerin imalat a\u015famas\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygunsuzluklar, usuls\u00fczl\u00fckler, teknik \u015fartnameleri yerine getirmeyen projelere yol veren yerel y\u00f6netimler, in\u015faat projeleriyle yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 besleyen iktidar i\u00e7in temel ta\u015flar haline geliyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bir m\u00fchendis bilir ki, e\u011fer bir iksa y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, istinat yerle bir olmu\u015fsa, proje veya imalat s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, denetim s\u00fcreci de i\u015fletilmemi\u015ftir. Bunu hepimizin bildi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ek haline getirme ve sorumlular\u0131n\u0131 \u0131srarla te\u015fhir etme g\u00f6revimiz var.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ersin Kiri\u015f \/ \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi<br \/>\nPoliteknik YK Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"&#8216;Bir m\u00fchendis bilir ki, e\u011fer bir iksa y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa, istinat yerle bir olmu\u015fsa,&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4723,1991],"tags":[4186,3021,3022],"class_list":{"0":"post-29736","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kent-ve-doga-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-iksa-duvari","10":"tag-istinat","11":"tag-istinat-duvari"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29736"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29736\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}