{"id":29821,"date":"2018-09-04T10:43:32","date_gmt":"2018-09-04T07:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=29821"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:00","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:00","slug":"on-soruda-sarbon-salgini-bulent-sik-bianet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/on-soruda-sarbon-salgini-bulent-sik-bianet\/","title":{"rendered":"On Soruda \u015earbon Salg\u0131n\u0131 &#8211; B\u00fclent \u015e\u0131k (Bianet)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mr.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"330\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/mr.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-29822\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>1) \u015earbon nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015earbon koyun, inek, ke\u00e7i, deve gibi ot\u00e7ul hayvanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve insana da bula\u015fabilen bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. \u015earbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011fa Bacillus anthracis ismi verilen sporlu bir bakteri neden olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2) Sporlu bakteri nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bakteriler tek h\u00fccreli canl\u0131lard\u0131r. Her canl\u0131 gibi yeterli besin varsa ve \u00e7evre \u015fartlar\u0131 da uygunsa bakteriler de ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirerek \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131rlar; aksi durumda ise hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmezler. Baz\u0131 bakteriler ise olumsuz \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131na bile dayanabilir. Bu tip bakteriler sporlu bakteriler olarak nitelenir.<\/p>\n<p>Sporlu bakteriler olumsuz \u00e7evre ko\u015fullar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda form de\u011fi\u015ftirebilen bakterilerdir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu bakteriler h\u00fccre duvar\u0131 etraf\u0131nda onlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullardan koruyan koruyucu bir katman olu\u015fturabilirler. Bu koruyucu katman bakteriyi s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kuruluk ya da kimyasal maddeler gibi bakteriye zarar verme niteli\u011fi olan \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u0131\u015f etkenlerden korur. Sporlu bakteriler \u00e7ok dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r; kaynatma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6lmez ve \u00f6rne\u011fin 140 \u2013 180 derece santigrat gibi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara bile bir s\u00fcre dayanabilirler.<\/p>\n<p>\u015earbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7an bakteriler oksijeni sevmez. Oksijenli ortamda derhal spor formuna ge\u00e7erler. Bu nedenle \u015farbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiyle \u00f6len hayvanlara otopsi bile yap\u0131lmaz. \u015earbon sporlar\u0131 toprakta, suda \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcreler, bazen y\u00fcz y\u0131llar boyunca canl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilir. Sonra uygun bir ortam bulduklar\u0131nda yani bir hayvana ya da insana bula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda bakterinin h\u00fccre duvar\u0131n\u0131 kaplayan koruyucu katman \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bakteri ya\u015famsal faaliyetlerine tekrar ba\u015flar; \u00e7o\u011fal\u0131r ve hastal\u0131klara neden olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) \u015earbon mikrobu insanlara nas\u0131l bula\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hastal\u0131\u011fa hasta hayvan\u0131n derisi, postu ya da y\u00fcn\u00fc ile temas, \u015farbon basili bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f etleri yemek ya da \u015farbon sporlar\u0131n\u0131 solumak neden olur. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fanlar, besiciler, \u00e7obanlar, veterinerler, kasaplar aras\u0131nda \u015farbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha \u00e7ok g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015earbon mikrobu bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f etlerin yenmesi de hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtileri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hastal\u0131k mikrobu v\u00fccuda girdikten sonraki 2 ile 7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde hastal\u0131k belirtileri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u015earbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n deri, ba\u011f\u0131rsak ve akci\u011fer \u015farbonu olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fiti var.<\/p>\n<p>Hastalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 95\u2019inde deri \u015farbonu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Deri \u015farbonuna halk aras\u0131nda kara \u00e7\u0131ban da denilir. Hastal\u0131k deride k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131kla ba\u015flar ve deri b\u00f6lgesi zamanla ortas\u0131 siyah renkli bir yaraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Hasta hayvanlarla temas eden \u00e7obanlarda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu hastal\u0131k zaman\u0131nda tedavi edilmez ve hastal\u0131k mikrobu kana kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015earbon mikrobu ta\u015f\u0131yan etlerin yenilmesi ile ba\u011f\u0131rsak \u015farbonu denilen hastal\u0131k olu\u015fur. Bulant\u0131, kar\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kusma, i\u015ftahs\u0131zl\u0131k, ate\u015f ve kanl\u0131 ishal tipik belirtilerdir. Ba\u011f\u0131rsak \u015farbonunda uygun tedavi zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lamazsa \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015earbon sporlar\u0131 \u00e7ok hafif olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in kolayca havaya kar\u0131\u015fabilir ve havada ta\u015f\u0131nabilir. Havadaki bu sporlar solunum yoluyla v\u00fccuda al\u0131n\u0131rsa akci\u011fer \u015farbonu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar. Akci\u011fer \u015farbonu a\u011f\u0131r bir solunum g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yaratan, \u00e7ok ciddi bir enfeksiyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve genellikle 1-2 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olur.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>5) \u015earbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bula\u015fma nas\u0131l \u00f6nlenir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015earbon ot\u00e7ul hayvanlardan insanlara bula\u015fan ancak insandan insana bula\u015fmayan bir hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k hayvanlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131l\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde karantinaya al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Hastal\u0131k etkeni kolayca topra\u011fa kar\u0131\u015fabilir. Sonra r\u00fczg\u00e2r ve ya\u011fmur suyu gibi etkenlerle ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere rahatl\u0131kla ta\u015f\u0131nabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Topra\u011f\u0131n kuru oldu\u011fu yaz mevsiminde \u015farbon basilinin r\u00fczg\u00e2rla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayla\u015f\u0131r. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayan en \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biri hasta hayvanlara konan sineklerdir. Hastal\u0131k mikrobunu ald\u0131ktan sonra konduklar\u0131 her yere bula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar. Sporlar ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgede y\u0131llarca canl\u0131 kalacak ve hastal\u0131k yapma potansiyellerini koruyacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6) \u015earbon mikrobu biyolojik bir silah olarak kullan\u0131labilir mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kullan\u0131labilir. Bu konuda geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitli biyolojik silahlar da var. \u015earbon sporlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve hafiflikleri nedeniyle havada kolayca ta\u015f\u0131nabilmeleri onlar\u0131n biyolojik silah olarak kullan\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle akci\u011fer \u015farbonuna yol a\u00e7acak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015f biyolojik silahlar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7) \u015earbon nas\u0131l kontrol edilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fclerinin d\u00fczenli olarak veteriner hekim kontrol\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, a\u015f\u0131lama hizmetlerinin periyodik olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde \u015farbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na rastlanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok enderdir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015earbon mikrobu gerek hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gerekse insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tehlike olu\u015fturan etkenlerden biridir. Di\u011fer tehlike etkenleri gibi \u015farbon etkeni de kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir. Ancak bu kontrol ancak iyi i\u015fleyen bir kamu sistemi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Kamu sistemi derken de bitkisel \u00fcretim ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n birbiri ile ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve hayvan hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele hizmetlerinin iyi organize edildi\u011fi bir sistemi kastediyorum.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde g\u0131da g\u00fcvencesi ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik kamusal sistemse zaaf i\u00e7inde. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00f6yle bir sistemin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturabilecek kamu kurumlar\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ya \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilerek ya da kapat\u0131larak tasfiye edildi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fu s\u0131ralar ya\u015fanan \u015farbon salg\u0131n\u0131 bu tasfiyenin bir olumsuz sonucu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8) \u015earbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaktan hangi kurum sorumlu?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde \u015farbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve t\u00fcketicilerin g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamaktan sorumlu kurum Tar\u0131m ve Ormanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>9) \u015earbon sadece ithal hayvanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir hastal\u0131k m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hay\u0131r; hem ithal ve hem de \u00fclkemizdeki hayvanlarda \u015farbon g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. \u00dclkemizde ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de \u015farbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek hayvanlarda ve gerekse insanlarda zaman zaman g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. Ancak hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanan hayvan ve insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 bir \u00fclkenin tar\u0131m ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi politikalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli denilebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u015earbon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi politikalar\u0131nda bir \u015feylerin yolunda gitmedi\u011fini g\u00f6steren \u00f6rnek olaylardan biridir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>10) G\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fclkemize ithal edilen hayvanlarda gerekli kontrolleri yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u0130thal etlerde daha \u00f6nce de \u201cE. coli O157\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir hastal\u0131k mikrobu tespit edilmi\u015fti. Bu etken b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131na neden olur ve \u00e7ocuklarla ya\u015fl\u0131lar i\u00e7in a\u011f\u0131r bir hastal\u0131k tablosu olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>Yine bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Polonya\u2019dan ithal edilen etlerin deli dana hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 riski ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131na yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n hepsi de tehlikeli hastal\u0131klard\u0131r ve e\u011fer bunlar\u0131 zaman\u0131nda tespit edecek mekanizmalar olu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015fsa ya da kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorsa ortada ciddi bir ihmal var demektir.<\/p>\n<p>Son \u015farbon olay\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131n\u0131rsa genel olarak g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli olan kontrollerinin uygun bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Tabipler Odas\u0131 ve Veteriner Hekimler Odas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda da bu vurgu var. Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015farbon konusunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ihmallerin bir numaral\u0131 sorumlusudur. (B\u015e\/EKN)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"1) \u015earbon nedir? \u015earbon koyun, inek, ke\u00e7i, deve gibi ot\u00e7ul hayvanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-29821","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29821"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29821\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}