{"id":30029,"date":"2018-11-13T10:27:22","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T07:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=30029"},"modified":"2019-01-28T20:40:00","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T17:40:00","slug":"bir-yandas-nasil-yaratilir-ve-beslenir-bahadir-ozgur-gazete-duvar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/bir-yandas-nasil-yaratilir-ve-beslenir-bahadir-ozgur-gazete-duvar\/","title":{"rendered":"Bir ‘yanda\u015f’ nas\u0131l yarat\u0131l\u0131r ve beslenir? – Bahad\u0131r \u00d6zg\u00fcr (Gazete Duvar)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130halelerin verili\u015f \u015feklini, fahi\u015f \u00f6demeleri, Hazine garantilerini \u015fimdilik bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131n. Yollar\u0131n, k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin, t\u00fcnellerin ihaleleri alan yanda\u015f \u015firketlerce yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? O halde Say\u0131\u015ftay’\u0131n Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na dair raporunu h\u00e2l\u00e2 okumam\u0131\u015fs\u0131z\u0131n demektir. Okurken bile insan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131zartan bu rapor, yanda\u015f \u00fcreten bir ‘devridaim makinesi’nin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ortaya koyuyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cAma yol yapt\u0131\u2026\u201d AKP\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik ele\u015ftirilerin en s\u0131k muhatap oldu\u011fu yan\u0131t herhalde budur. Elbette do\u011frudur, yapt\u0131 ve yapmaya da devam ediyor. \u0130halelerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n AKP d\u00f6neminde palazlanm\u0131\u015f \u015firketlere verildi\u011fi de malum. \u00d6deme taahh\u00fctleri, Hazine garantileri de \u00f6yle. Ne var ki iktidar, \u2018eserler\u2019in g\u00f6rkemli a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015flarla kullan\u0131ma sunuldu\u011fu anda, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n vatanda\u015f\u0131n nezdinde k\u0131ymetinin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iyi biliyor. Proje tela\u015f\u0131 biraz da bundan asl\u0131nda. Lakin, i\u015fin bir ba\u015fka boyutu daha var\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130haleleri kimin, nas\u0131l ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, pahal\u0131ya m\u0131 ucuza m\u0131 verildi\u011fi bir yana, ger\u00e7ekten o projeleri yanda\u015f \u015firketlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz? A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f t\u00f6renlerinde poz veren \u00e7o\u011fu patronun, i\u015fi yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde paras\u0131n\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olur mu? Belki de\u011fil, ancak koskoca otoyol, k\u00f6pr\u00fc, viyad\u00fck kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda dururken, bunu nas\u0131l becerdi\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir konu. Zira sorun, iktidara yak\u0131n olanlar\u0131 kay\u0131rman\u0131n \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumda. Yanda\u015f \u00fcretimi, keyfiyet veya tercihten ziyade bir \u2018devridaim makinesi\u2019 gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor art\u0131k. Nas\u0131l m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Gelin son haftalar\u0131n g\u00fcndemi Say\u0131\u015ftay raporlar\u0131na bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki rapor, i\u00e7lerinde en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 olanlar\u0131ndan. Say\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n tespit etti\u011fi usuls\u00fczl\u00fckler haber de yap\u0131ld\u0131. Fakat raporun bir ba\u015fka \u00f6zelli\u011fi daha bulunuyor. \u0130hale tezgah\u0131n\u0131n saat gibi i\u015fleyi\u015fini ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda tamamlanan bir otoyol projesi \u00fczerinden madde madde, bir yanda\u015f yaratma ve beslemenin sihirli form\u00fcl\u00fc\u2026<\/p>\n

YANDA\u015e DEVR\u0130DA\u0130M MAK\u0130NES\u0130 NASIL \u0130\u015eL\u0130YOR?<\/strong><\/p>\n

* 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan \u2018birim fiyat teklifli\u2019 ihaleler, yolsuzluk i\u00e7in en ideal olanlar\u0131. Burada projenin toplam maliyeti \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r ve \u015firketlerden fiyat teklifi al\u0131n\u0131r. Kamuoyuna genellikle bu iki rakam yans\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu ihalenin haberi de bas\u0131nda \u015fu \u015fekilde yer ald\u0131: \u201c711 milyon liral\u0131k ihaleyi, 549 milyon lira en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck teklifle (falanca konsorsiyum) kazand\u0131.\u201d Vatanda\u015f da, i\u015fi \u00f6zel \u015firketin daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck fiyata yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kamu b\u00fct\u00e7esinden daha az kaynak \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

* \u0130\u015fin p\u00fcf noktas\u0131, ihalenin \u2018birim fiyat teklifli\u2019 olmas\u0131. Ne demek bu? Projenin; g\u00fczergah kaz\u0131 i\u015fleri, dolgu i\u015fleri, menfezler, alt-\u00fcst ge\u00e7it, t\u00fcnel, sinyalizasyon gibi pek \u00e7ok par\u00e7adan olu\u015fmas\u0131. \u015eirket toplam teklifi ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere bunlar\u0131n her biri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 fiyat haz\u0131rlar. Devletin elinde de ayn\u0131 i\u015flerin maliyetine dair \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir liste bulunur. Vatanda\u015f bu detaylar\u0131 bilmez. \u015eeffaf oldu\u011fu iddia edilen ihalenin \u00fczerine sis perdesi tam da burada yava\u015f yava\u015f \u00e7ekilir.<\/p>\n

* \u015eirket teklifi kalem kalem ayr\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131r\u0131r. 519 milyon liraya al\u0131nan otoyol ihalesinde g\u00fczergah kaz\u0131 i\u015fi i\u00e7in verilen birim teklifi 29.7 lirad\u0131r. Devletin ayn\u0131 i\u015f i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 maliyet ise 3.23 lira. Fark 9.2 kat. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fczergah dolgu i\u015fleri i\u00e7in firman\u0131n fiyat\u0131 4.3 lirayken, devletinki 0.19 lirad\u0131r. Burada da 22.63 kat. Bu farklar neden kaynaklan\u0131yor?<\/p>\n

* Bahsedilen i\u015flerin toplam tutar\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tezgah\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fi ayd\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Devletin, kazma ve doldurma i\u015fleri i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 maliyet 84 milyon lira. Firman\u0131n ayn\u0131 i\u015fler i\u00e7in verdi\u011fi teklif ne kadar tahmin edin? Tam\u0131 tam\u0131na 6 kat\u0131, 517.6 milyon lira! G\u00fczergah i\u015fleri neredeyse ihalenin toplam\u0131 kadar yani. Kabaca hafriyat i\u015fi, projenin y\u00fczde 94\u2019\u00fcne denk geliyor.<\/p>\n

* Teknoloji, beceri, kalifiye i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc gerektirmeyen kaz-doldur i\u015fine bu kadar para \u00f6denecekse, di\u011fer i\u015fler ne olacak? Onlara verilen fiyatlar\u0131 da s\u0131ralayal\u0131m. \u015eirket, devletin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 maliyet hesab\u0131n\u0131n menfezlerde 12\u2019de 1, altge\u00e7itlerde 15\u2019te 1, k\u00f6pr\u00fc ve viyad\u00fcklerde 8\u2019de 1, t\u00fcnellerde 16\u2019da 1, \u00fcstyap\u0131 imalat\u0131nda 45\u2019te 1, sinyalizasyonda 26\u2019da 1\u2019i kadar teklif vermi\u015f. U\u00e7urum muazzam. Daha a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan maliyete dair farkl\u0131 bir hesap daha sunal\u0131m. Devletin maliyet da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde: T\u00fcneller y\u00fczde 41, \u00fcstyap\u0131 i\u015fleri y\u00fczde 17, viyad\u00fck-k\u00f6pr\u00fc y\u00fczde 8, sinyalizasyon-elektirifikasyon y\u00fczde 16, g\u00fczergah i\u015fleri y\u00fczde 12. Firman\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle: G\u00fczergah i\u015fleri y\u00fczde 94!<\/p>\n

* \u00d6zetle yanda\u015f \u015firket, devletin hesab\u0131nda 84 milyon lira olan hafriyat i\u015fini 517 milyon liraya, yakla\u015f\u0131k maliyeti 617 milyon liray\u0131 bulan kalan i\u015fleri ise 31 milyon liraya yapmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct ediyor. Peki niye basit ve ucuz i\u015fe fahi\u015f, daha pahal\u0131 ve zahmetli i\u015flere zarar\u0131na teklif sunuyor? Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131, bir yanda\u015f\u0131n yarat\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinin de hikayesi\u2026<\/p>\n

* \u015eirketin en kolay, en k\u00e2rl\u0131, beceri g\u00f6stermeye gerek olmayan kaz-doldur i\u015flerinin birim fiyat\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek tutmas\u0131n\u0131; teknoloji, deneyim, \u00f6zkaynak, kalifiye i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc gerektiren i\u015fleri ise yok pahas\u0131na yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesini devlet kabul ediyor. Ve hafriyat bitti\u011finde projenin y\u00fczde 94\u2019l\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re de \u00f6deme hakedi\u015fe bak\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Biraz da menfeze el at\u0131p, bir t\u00fcnelin de ucunu g\u00f6sterdiyse e\u011fer, ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde projenin y\u00fczde 99\u2019unu teslim etmi\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6demenin de tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Sonra da CV\u2019si ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015firket olarak ba\u015fka ihalelere yelken a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Yalan m\u0131? \u0130hale s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine g\u00f6re i\u015fi bitirip teslim etmedi mi? Hangi mahkeme, hangi kanun taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmi\u015f bu \u015firketi su\u00e7lu bulabilir ki? B\u0131rak\u0131n herhangi bir Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeyi, Cumhuriyet tarihinde benzer ihalelerin say\u0131s\u0131 ka\u00e7t\u0131r? Oysa AKP d\u00f6nemindeki altyap\u0131 projelerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu \u015fekilde verildi.<\/p>\n

KA\u011eIT \u00dcZER\u0130NDE Y\u00dcZDE 100, GER\u00c7EKTE Y\u00dcZDE 33<\/p>\n

Gelin g\u00f6r\u00fcn ki, ortada yanda\u015fa a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yol d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir otoyol da yoktur. Nitekim ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde y\u00fczde 99\u2019u bitmi\u015f say\u0131lan projenin Say\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a g\u00f6re yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 33\u2019\u00fc tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Raporda bitirilme oranlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle veriliyor: G\u00fczergah i\u015flerinin y\u00fczde 101\u2019i, menfezlerin y\u00fczde 53\u2019\u00fc, t\u00fcnellerin y\u00fczde 16\u2019s\u0131. \u00dc\u015fenmeyip istasyon tesislerinin de y\u00fczde 77\u2019sini yapm\u0131\u015flar. Elektrifikasyon ve sinyalizasyona ise el s\u00fcr\u00fclmemi\u015f bile. Kalan i\u015flerin bitme oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 0! Biten i\u015flerin de\u011feri 231 milyon lira olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u015firkete maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131narak yap\u0131lan toplam \u00f6deme, KDV hari\u00e7 658 milyon lirad\u0131r. K\u0131saca devlet, projenin fiilen \u00fc\u00e7te birini yapan \u015firkete 3 kat\u0131 fazla para \u00f6demi\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

2017\u2019den \u00f6ncesi yol projeleri i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan \u00f6dene\u011fin 2.5 kat\u0131 kadar harcama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, menfezlerin ve altge\u00e7itlerin y\u00fczde 1\u2019i, t\u00fcnellerin y\u00fczde 10\u2019u, \u00fcstyap\u0131 imalatlar\u0131n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 1\u2019i bitirilmi\u015f. Tamamlanan i\u015flerin y\u00fczde 99\u2019u ise hafriyat. Ziyadesiyle yanda\u015f patronlara niye \u2018hafriyat zengini\u2019, AKP\u2019nin ekonomi politikas\u0131na da \u2018hafriyat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k\u2019 denildi\u011fini anl\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Projelerin nas\u0131l tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise yarat\u0131lan yanda\u015flar\u0131n beslenme s\u00fcrecini g\u00f6steriyor bize. Yar\u0131m i\u015fler i\u00e7in ya kamu kendi olanaklar\u0131 ile devreye giriyor ya da \u00e7o\u011funlukla tek tek her kalem i\u00e7in yeniden ihale a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor. Daha fazla \u015firket, bu ball\u0131 ihaleden faydalan\u0131yor tabii ki. 20-30 hafriyat kamyonu, 5-10 i\u015f makinesi, sigortas\u0131z, ucuza \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fi 400-500 i\u015f\u00e7i bulabilen herhangi bir iktidar destek\u00e7isi, milyonlarca liral\u0131k ihaleyi al\u0131p birka\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde rahatl\u0131kla en b\u00fcy\u00fck in\u015faat\u00e7\u0131lar listesine girebiliyor.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta kamu ihale habitat\u0131nda yanda\u015f\u0131n ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u0131z\u0131yla bu \u015fekilde s\u00fcr\u00fcp gidiyor\u2026<\/p>\n

***
\nKu\u015fkusuz Cumhuriyet tarihinde ilk defa yolsuzluk ve kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131k olmuyor. Ama kamu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 birilerine aktarmak i\u00e7in tepeden t\u0131rna\u011fa bu denli b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc i\u015fleyi\u015f AKP d\u00f6neminin marifeti. Sanki aksamadan i\u015flemesi i\u00e7in gece g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, ince ince tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir makine gibi.<\/p>\n

Say\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n y\u00fczlerce sayfal\u0131k raporlar\u0131na bak\u0131nca meselenin, devlet i\u00e7indeki yolsuzluk faaliyetleri de\u011fil, bizatihi yolsuzlu\u011fun \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc bir faaliyet olarak devlet mekanizmas\u0131 haline gelmesi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Aksi halde, bakarken insan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131zartan bu suistimal \u00e7ark\u0131fele\u011fini siyaset\u00e7isi, b\u00fcrokrat\u0131, i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n el ele verip ne\u015feyle \u00e7evirmesi nas\u0131l a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir ki?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0130halelerin verili\u015f \u015feklini, fahi\u015f \u00f6demeleri, Hazine garantilerini \u015fimdilik bir kenara b\u0131rak\u0131n. Yollar\u0131n,…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[1497,4264],"class_list":{"0":"post-30029","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-ihale","9":"tag-sayistay-raporlari"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30029","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30029"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30029\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30029"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30029"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30029"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}