{"id":30965,"date":"2019-02-16T09:23:28","date_gmt":"2019-02-16T06:23:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=30965"},"modified":"2019-02-17T08:38:40","modified_gmt":"2019-02-17T05:38:40","slug":"uretilen-ve-yonetilen-kriz-ragip-varol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/uretilen-ve-yonetilen-kriz-ragip-varol\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dcretilen ve y\u00f6netilen kriz – Rag\u0131p Varol"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7orum\u2019da i\u015fsizlik nedeniyle can\u0131na k\u0131yan in\u015faat m\u00fchendisi Abdullah Kaan \u00d6zba\u011f<\/a> an\u0131s\u0131na\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n

Kapitalist iktidar\u0131n en temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u2018\u00fcretti\u011fi ve y\u00f6netti\u011fi\u2019 krizlerdir. Bir\u00e7ok bi\u00e7imiyle, nas\u0131l \u00fcretti\u011finden ziyade, nas\u0131l y\u00f6netti\u011fini kavrayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle krizin kapitalizme ili\u015fkin i\u00e7sel bir olgu oldu\u011funu, bu bak\u0131mdan do\u011fal\u0131nda panzehrini de b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek yerinde olur.<\/p>\n

Krizin diyolojisi: ‘Bizimle alakas\u0131 yok sistemi’<\/h4>\n

Bir toplumsal s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin ortaya koydu\u011fu kanunlar\u0131n \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi se\u00e7im veya g\u00fcvenoyu gibi arac\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntemle, \u00fczerinde toplumsal uzla\u015f\u0131ya var\u0131lanlar, yani yetkililer, bu iyi gitmedi\u011finde sahnede hayli tan\u0131d\u0131k bir nakarat tekrarlar: bizimle alakas\u0131 yok!<\/p>\n

Tarihsel arka plan<\/h4>\n

Bizimle alakas\u0131 yok sistemi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinde \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019 kavram\u0131ndan ileri gelen bir milliyet\u00e7ilikle sosland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de beklenemezdi: emperyalistlerin iki tane d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra bile \u00fczerinde uzla\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131, jeopolitik ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u2018verim\u2019 alabilece\u011fi alanlar, ulus-devlet modelini kapitalizmin temeline yerle\u015ftiren Wilson \u0130lkeleri gibi yeni me\u015fruiyet zeminleriyle birlikte \u2013 kapitalizm i\u00e7inde kalmak \u015fart\u0131yla – ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesine giri\u015ferek kendi \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019 \u00fcretti. Bu \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu toplumsal uzla\u015f\u0131, \u00f6zellikle etnik, teolojik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin bol oldu\u011fu yerlerde \u2018\u00fcst kimlik\u2019 gerektirdi. Bunun en kolay yolu, bask\u0131n olan\u0131 iktidara getirecek bir milliyet\u00e7ilikti ve hemen hemen her yerde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015flar\u0131 \u2018ulusal\u2019 m\u00fccadele karakteri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131 (Balkan \u00fclkelerindeki \u2018anti-T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019 ve \u0130slamofobi, bir bi\u00e7imiyle orada kurulan yeni devletlerin temel ideolojik altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etti).\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Sistemle uzla\u015fmayan, dini ya da kom\u00fcnist rejimlerin belirginle\u015fti\u011fi Kore, Ortado\u011fu gibi co\u011frafyalarda ise so\u011fuk sava\u015f cepheleri \u2018yeri geldik\u00e7e\u2019 sahneyi s\u0131cak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara b\u0131rakmaktan \u00e7ekinmedi. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1940\u2019larda Japonya i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda olan Kore\u2019de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta anti-Japon temelli milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin \u00f6rg\u00fctledi\u011fi \u00e7eteler sonradan emperyalistler taraf\u0131ndan \u2018elden ge\u00e7irildi\u2019 ve anti-kom\u00fcnist bir alt metin kazand\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kuzeydeki \u2018birle\u015fik ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Kore\u2019 savunucusu kom\u00fcnistlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek milli bir \u015fuur olu\u015fturmaktan daha acil hale geldi (O d\u00f6nemde silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde 10 y\u0131lda de\u011fi\u015fiveren bir \u2018milliyet\u2019 ilkesinden ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn\u00fcn elektronik devi G\u00fcney Kore \u015firketlerinin cirolar\u0131ndaki ABD paylar\u0131nda g\u00f6rebiliriz).<\/p>\n

Bu model, Kore\u2019deki s\u00fcre\u00e7le benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131s\u0131n ya da ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n, sistemin siyasi krizleri a\u015fmas\u0131 ad\u0131na uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 her yerde etkin ve kusursuz \u015fekilde i\u015fletildi.<\/p>\n

Bu noktada, temeline \u2018ideolojik, tarihi, etimolojik ortakl\u0131k\u2019 konma ihtiyac\u0131 bir \u2018milli \u015fuur\u2019 \u00fcrettikten sonra, arka planda bunun piyasala\u015fabilmesinin de ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fturuldu. Nitekim kapitalizm bu konuda deneyimliydi; so\u011fuk sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Eisenhower doktrini gibi bir\u00e7ok alt disiplin, ulus devletlerin sistemle uzla\u015fma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede etkin hale geldi. Buna g\u00f6re, sistemin \u2013 gerekirse silahland\u0131r\u0131p \u2013 en kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irebilece\u011fi \u00f6zne olan milliyet\u00e7iler, gerekti\u011finde i\u00e7 siyaseti domine etmek i\u00e7in hayali d\u00fc\u015fmanlar yaratma, bunu beceremedi\u011fi yerlerde mevcut etnik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi e\u011fip b\u00fckerek suni \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma zeminleri olu\u015fturma konular\u0131nda g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne \u2018deneyim\u2019 kazand\u0131lar (\u00f6rn. Bosna Sava\u015f\u0131). Bunun k\u0131smi etki yaratabildi\u011fi yerlerde ise askeri darbeler, polis devleti gibi radikal y\u00f6ntemler se\u00e7mekten \u00e7ekinmediler.<\/p>\n

Bizim b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerimiz<\/h4>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yok. Hala can yak\u0131c\u0131 \u015fekilde y\u00fczle\u015fti\u011fimiz temel sorunlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131 benzer bi\u00e7imdeki \u00e7eli\u015fkiler ve \u00e7arp\u0131kl\u0131klar yuma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n eseri olmasayd\u0131, bug\u00fcn paranoyas\u0131 gitgide y\u00fckselen, kendini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir problemin do\u011frudan kayna\u011f\u0131 hissetmeyen ve sorumluluk almak yerine en yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki \u2018\u00f6teki\u2019ye amans\u0131zca sald\u0131ran kitleler halinde ya\u015f\u0131yor olmayabilirdik. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 burada \u00f6nerilebilecek olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerilerine temel te\u015fkil edebilecek niteliktedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler ve i\u00e7erisi \u015feklinde bir ayr\u0131m yapabilmek i\u00e7in ortada birbiri ile dikkate de\u011fer d\u00fczeyde \u00e7eli\u015fen iki ayr\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 formu olmak zorundad\u0131r (\u00d6rn. So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u0131n taraflar\u0131). Oysa bug\u00fcn kapitalizm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ya\u015fam\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini tarihte hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar piyasala\u015ft\u0131rma becerisi kazanm\u0131\u015f, \u00fclkenin en \u00fccra k\u00f6\u015fesindeki m\u00fcbadele bi\u00e7imlerini kendine uyarlam\u0131\u015f, k\u00fcreselle\u015fme ve yeni d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni teorilerine son derece verimli bir uygulama alan\u0131 haline getirilmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ya\u015fanan krizlerden ge\u00e7mi\u015fe nazaran \u00e7ok daha yo\u011fun etkilenen, \u00fcretimden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u2013 spek\u00fclatif- olarak ya\u015fanan finansal dalgalanmalara bile a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 duyarl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclkeyiz. Hatta d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler s\u00f6ylemiyle i\u015faret edilen b\u00fct\u00fcn olas\u0131 \u00f6znelerin hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck hacimlerde yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar s\u00f6z sahibi edildi\u011fi bir \u00fclkeyiz.<\/p>\n

Hal b\u00f6yleyken, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u015feklinde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her \u015feyle asl\u0131nda i\u00e7eride art\u0131k do\u011frudan muhatap olurken, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u2018ulus-devlet dolay\u0131m\u0131\u2019 neo-liberalizm fonksiyonuyla ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015fken, yani sistem ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6zg\u00fcnle\u015ftirdi\u011fini bug\u00fcn piyasala\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015fken, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kavramsal bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurabilecek ayg\u0131t \u00fcretmek olanaks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131. Kapitalistler de bunu \u2018eski y\u00f6ntemle\u2019 halletmeyi se\u00e7ti: fa\u015fizm (Sar\u0131 yeleklilerin yaln\u0131zca akaryak\u0131t zamlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sokaklarda oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, ilk \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn\u00fc iyiydi felsefesinin yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131d\u0131r).<\/p>\n

Krizin yumu\u015fak karn\u0131<\/h4>\n

Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn krizindeki \u2018yumu\u015fak karn\u0131\u2019 buradan tespit etmek yerinde olur. Zira Ortado\u011fulular taraf\u0131ndan \u201con y\u0131lda bir her \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi \u00fclke\u201d olarak an\u0131lan, Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n ise \u201cT\u00fcrk i\u015fi demokrasi\u201d diye tarifledi\u011fi oligar\u015fimiz, her d\u00f6nemde sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir \u2018hayalet\u2019 buldu ve i\u00e7 siyasette bunun ekme\u011fini yiyen liberallerin \u2013 solda, sa\u011fda fark etmeksizin – ard\u0131 arkas\u0131 kesilmedi. Bununla beraber, toprak a\u011falar\u0131m\u0131z marabalara en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccreti mahsul\u00fcn en verimli oldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda verdi. \u0130\u015f makinas\u0131 sahiplerimiz operat\u00f6r maa\u015flar\u0131ndaki kesintileri en yo\u011fun \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan sezonlarda yapt\u0131. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 her k\u00fcrs\u00fcde \u00fclke sevgisinden bahsedenler, emperyalistlerle kol kola girip y\u0131pranan topra\u011f\u0131 dinlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin omuzlar\u0131na yat\u0131rd\u0131lar, yorulan makinan\u0131n tamiri i\u00e7in gereken gres ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 emek\u00e7inin al\u0131n terinden dam\u0131tt\u0131lar.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fanan kitlesel umutsuzlu\u011fun gerek\u00e7esini burada aramak gerekiyor. Eme\u011fin \u2018\u00e7ilesiyle\u2019 tarihsel ba\u011flar\u0131 kurulmayan, kapitalizmle ve onun s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc karakteriyle ili\u015fkilendirilmeyen, emperyalizmin en vah\u015fi formunun dayat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fam\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131yla neden-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi kurulmayan hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi yoktur.<\/p>\n

Var olan tek \u00f6teki, tek d\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7 kapitalizmdir. En ba\u015fta onu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na almayan hi\u00e7bir s\u00f6ylem anti-emperyalist karakter ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Hangi iddiay\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerse s\u00fcrs\u00fcn, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn de\u011fil, problemin taraf\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan politik arg\u00fcmanlar ile in\u015fa edilebilecek tek \u015fey bug\u00fcn\u00fcn cinayet \u015febekesi gibi i\u015fleyen mega projeleri, maden ocaklar\u0131, tersaneleri, t\u00fcnelleri, kanallar\u0131, demiryollar\u0131, otobanlar\u0131, k\u00f6pr\u00fcleridir. Yakas\u0131n\u0131n rengi fark etmeksizin tarihte hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar korkun\u00e7 ko\u015fullarda g\u00fcvencesiz, can emniyeti olmadan al\u0131n teri d\u00f6ken milyonlarca emek\u00e7inin bir avu\u00e7 patronun s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z imtiyaz\u0131 u\u011fruna \u00e7al\u0131nan g\u00fczel g\u00fcnleri, gelece\u011fi, umut \u0131sl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Neyse ki, \u201cIsl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakalanmad\u0131ktan sonra, neye yarar \u0131sl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n yakalanmas\u0131?<\/em>\u201d*<\/strong><\/p>\n

*<\/strong>Isl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 \u2013 Tiyatro Oyunu, \u00c7etin Altan, 1976.<\/p>\n

Rag\u0131p Varol
\nMaden M\u00fchendisi<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00c7orum\u2019da i\u015fsizlik nedeniyle can\u0131na k\u0131yan in\u015faat m\u00fchendisi Abdullah Kaan \u00d6zba\u011f an\u0131s\u0131na\u2026 Kapitalist…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30969,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4717,1991,4719],"tags":[4776,4775,85,3712,4777],"class_list":{"0":"post-30965","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-calisma-yasami","8":"category-yazilar","9":"category-ucretli-muhendisler-calisma-yasami","10":"tag-emek-somurusu","11":"tag-kapitalizm-krizi","12":"tag-kriz","13":"tag-manset","14":"tag-ucuz-emek"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30965"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30965\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30969"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}