{"id":31361,"date":"2019-04-17T14:47:49","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T11:47:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=31361"},"modified":"2019-04-17T15:07:45","modified_gmt":"2019-04-17T12:07:45","slug":"notre-dame-neden-yandi-nasil-yandi-emre-gurcanli-toplumcumeclis-org","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/notre-dame-neden-yandi-nasil-yandi-emre-gurcanli-toplumcumeclis-org\/","title":{"rendered":"Notre Dame neden yand\u0131, nas\u0131l yand\u0131? &#8211; Emre G\u00fcrcanl\u0131 (toplumcumeclis.org)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>\u201cQuasimodo, birdenbire, duvarc\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn g\u00fcneydeki kulenin duvar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131,<br \/>\ndam\u0131n\u0131 onarmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msad\u0131. Ans\u0131z\u0131n kafas\u0131nda \u015fim\u015fek \u00e7akar gibi oldu.<br \/>\nDuvar ta\u015ftan \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, dam kur\u015fundu, \u00e7at\u0131 da tahtadand\u0131. Bu muazzam \u00e7at\u0131 \u00f6ylesine t\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131<br \/>\nki, ona \u201corman\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n<p>Quasimodo hemen o kuleye ko\u015ftu. Alt odalar ger\u00e7ekten de malzeme doluydu. Y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlarla<br \/>\nta\u015f, tomarlarla kur\u015fun levha, destelerle hat\u0131l, testereyle yar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sa\u011flam kiri\u015fler, y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlarla<br \/>\nmoloz vard\u0131. Eksiksiz bir cephanelik.\u201d (Notre Dame\u2019\u0131n Kamburu, Victor Hugo, \u0130mge Kitabevi, \u00c7eviren Nesrin Alt\u0131nova)*<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihinin miraslar\u0131ndan birisi Notre Dame. Tarihte nelere tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti\u011fini san\u0131r\u0131m 5 dakikal\u0131k bir internet ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla kolayca bulabilirsiniz? Ama yang\u0131n\u0131n nedenine ili\u015fkin hala net bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda de\u011fil. Tam da restorasyon i\u015flerinde i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yaparken b\u00f6yle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi beni vakan\u0131n neden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu sormaya defalarca sormaya itti diyebilirim. Asl\u0131nda iki soru sormam\u0131z gerekiyor; Notre Dame neden yand\u0131, neden yang\u0131n bu kadar h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve ikinci soru yang\u0131na ne neden oldu veya ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 (k\u00f6k nedeni) neydi? Zira Paris Ba\u015fsavc\u0131s\u0131 Remy Heitz\u2019\u0131n, Notre Dame Katedrali&#8217;ndeki yang\u0131n\u0131n kas\u0131tl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir i\u015farete ula\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, geriye en muhtemel neden olarak kazan\u0131n kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesinin ard\u0131ndan bunu irdelemek gerekiyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki restorasyon\/konservasyon projelerinden de baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekler vererek bu sorulara yan\u0131t vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Ama Notre Dame\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla i\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in bu devasa yap\u0131t\u0131 Frans\u0131z halk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcndemine de zaman\u0131nda sokan Victor Hugo\u2019nun o \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz eserini de mutlaka okuyal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n<p>S\u0131rayla bir bakal\u0131m. \u00d6ncelikle Notre Dame Katedrali\u2019nin yap\u0131s\u0131 bu yang\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6ylesine yay\u0131lmas\u0131nda etken. Notre Dame ana yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ah\u015fap kiri\u015fler bulunuyor ve bu kiri\u015fler ana \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi olu\u015fturuyor. Bu ah\u015fap destekler me\u015feden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f devasa yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 bunlara \u201cfor\u00eat\u201d (forest=orman) deniyor, ah\u015fap \u00e7er\u00e7eveye ise charpante (frame=\u00e7er\u00e7eve). Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eve 1300 me\u015fe a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yakla\u015f\u0131k 21 hektarl\u0131k bir araziyi kaplayacak bir orman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. Toplam uzunlu\u011fu 100 metre olan bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve ve bu ah\u015fap \u00e7er\u00e7eve 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan beri orada destek sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evenin \u00fczerinde ise kur\u015fundan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 210 ton a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kur\u015fundan bir \u00e7at\u0131 bulunuyor. Ah\u015fap konstr\u00fcksiyon, geni\u015f bo\u015fluklar ve yang\u0131n\u0131 engelleyici\/yava\u015flat\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>Yang\u0131n uzman\u0131 Greeg Favre\u2019nin twitter hesab\u0131ndan Sebla K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn de T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015ftirdi\u011fi yorumlar, k\u0131sa ama \u00f6z yorumlar. Favre, yang\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda ba\u015flamas\u0131 durumunda, duvarlar\u0131n ve yang\u0131n\u0131n eri\u015femedi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n kurtar\u0131lma ihtimali olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yang\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131y\u0131 tamamen kaplay\u0131nca yukar\u0131dan m\u00fcdahale imkans\u0131z hale geldi\u011fini vurguluyor. \u00d6te yandan Trump\u2019\u0131n \u201cYa neden havadan su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtm\u00fcyorsunuz\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 da havadan su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmek i\u00e7in kurulacak bir sistemde etkili m\u00fcdahale edebilecek bir a\u00e7\u0131 yakalaman\u0131n \u00e7ok zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funu ve itfaiyecilerin i\u00e7eri girmesi gerekece\u011fini belirtiyor. Yang\u0131n hortumlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r ve manevra olanaklar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 keza \u00e7at\u0131dan par\u00e7alar d\u00fc\u015ferken i\u00e7erde itfaiyecilerin olmas\u0131 hemen hemen imkans\u0131z. D\u00fc\u015fenler Quasimodo\u2019nun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 kiremit veya basit moloz par\u00e7alar\u0131 de\u011fil, me\u015fe a\u011fac\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r ah\u015fap yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bir yang\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l yand\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakal\u0131m: Yanma i\u00e7in oksijen, yak\u0131t, \u0131s\u0131 ve kimyasal zincir reaksiyon gerekir. Bunlardan herhangi birini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsan\u0131z yang\u0131n s\u00f6ner. K\u0131sacas\u0131 her yerin devasa ah\u015fap yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131yla kapl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, s\u00fcrekli bir hava ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n (oksijen sa\u011flamak suretiyle) yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6te yandan restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 i\u00e7erde farkl\u0131 malzemeler var, bunlar\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu bilmiyoruz. Ama bildi\u011fimiz bir \u015fey var o da ah\u015fap iskelelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131. Restorasyon projelerinde, s\u0131radan in\u015faatlardaki gibi \u00e7elik borulu iskele kurmak \u00e7o\u011fu zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmuyor. Gerek binalar\u0131n geometrik \u00f6zelliklerinin elvermemesi, gerekse de binaya zarar vermeme kayg\u0131s\u0131 ah\u015fap iskele kurma zorunlulu\u011funu beraberinde getiriyor. Yang\u0131nda restorasyon i\u00e7in kurulu ah\u015fap iskelelerin de yan\u0131c\u0131 bir malzeme olarak orada bulundu\u011funun alt\u0131 \u00e7izilmeli. Yang\u0131n\u0131n neden bu kadar etkili oldu\u011fu ve yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 tahmin edebiliyoruz. Peki esas \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedeni neydi?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Notre Dame nas\u0131l alev ald\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 uzaktan bakarak vermek zor. Ama baz\u0131 tahminler y\u00fcr\u00fctebiliriz. Bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131m i\u015fleri s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki \u201cdikkatsizlik ve tedbirsizlik sonucu yang\u0131na sebebiyet verme\u201d veya genel olarak bir ihmal oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k. \u0130lk k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131 kat\u0131ndan (tavan aras\u0131ndan) \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. \u00d6nce bir duman g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve ate\u015fler katedralin \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cfor\u00eat\u201dyi ve \u00e7an kulesini sar\u0131yor. \u0130lk \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f nedenini tahmin edebilmek i\u00e7in bu ve benzeri i\u015flerde kullan\u0131lan malzemelere bakmak gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>New York kenti itfaiye \u015fefi, Notre Dame gibi katedrallerin e\u011fer kutsal mekanlar olmasayd\u0131 kesinlikle yang\u0131n y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201cmahkum edilmesi\u201d gereken binalar oldu\u011funu belirtiyor ve \u201csanki yanmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015flar\u201d yorumunu yap\u0131yor. Bu da \u00e7ok do\u011fal, zira y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6ncesindeki bilim ve teknoloji ile in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar\u0131n bug\u00fcn\u00fcn yang\u0131n veya deprem y\u00f6netmeli\u011fine uygunlu\u011funu beklemek komik olacakt\u0131r. New York John Jay Koleji Yang\u0131n Bilimi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden Do\u00e7. Dr. Glen Cobertt ise bu t\u00fcrden yap\u0131lar\u0131n el fenerleri ve kaynak makinalar\u0131ndan gelecek k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m ve alaz ile tutu\u015fabilece\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7iziyor. Ortamda bulunan ah\u015fap tozlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu iddialar olduk\u00e7a ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i. Bu iddialara, yal\u0131t\u0131m i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bit\u00fcm esasl\u0131 malzemenin alev almas\u0131n\u0131, p\u00fcrm\u00fczden dolay\u0131 (p\u00fcrm\u00fcz ucundan alev p\u00fcsk\u00fcrten \u00e7akma\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir alet denebilir, kur\u015fun boru kaynak ve genle\u015ftirme i\u015flerinde ve creme bruleenin \u00fczerini yakarken kullan\u0131l\u0131r!) alev almay\u0131 ve hatta i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda i\u00e7ilen bir sigaray\u0131 bile ekleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>Restorasyon i\u015flerindeki ihmaller, itfaiye te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n gecikmesi ve t\u00fcm bunlara neden olanlar konusunda ise daha \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z san\u0131r\u0131m. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, hepimizin tarihsel birikimi bu yap\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcne ta\u015f\u0131yan restorasyon ve konservasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve bir o kadar da zor \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131radan bir in\u015faat projesi olarak ele almak imkans\u0131z. O bak\u0131mdan Notre Dame Katedral yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki restorasyon projelerine de daha bir yak\u0131ndan bakmay\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en az\u0131ndan ummak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Mimar Sinan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Ali Pa\u015fa Camii\u2019nin \u00e7at\u0131 restorasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n, Haydarpa\u015fa Tren Gar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n restorasyonu s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u201ckolay yan\u0131c\u0131 izolasyon maddesinin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131\u201dndan dolay\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen yang\u0131n (ba\u015fka iddialar da olmu\u015ftu elektrik kaynakl\u0131 gibi) ilk akla gelen benzer yang\u0131nlar. Tabii ki \u015faibeli bir \u015fekilde yand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen H\u00fcseyin Avni Pa\u015fa k\u00f6\u015fk\u00fcn\u00fc de unutmayal\u0131m. Ama bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrerken Sirkeci Postanesi restorasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitiren mimari restorat\u00f6r Dilek Dayar\u2019\u0131 da bir kez daha anal\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u201cQuasimodo, birdenbire, duvarc\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcn g\u00fcneydeki kulenin duvar\u0131n\u0131, \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, dam\u0131n\u0131 onarmak i\u00e7in&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[4818,4819],"class_list":{"0":"post-31361","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-notre-dame","9":"tag-paris-notre-dame"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31361"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31361\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31361"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}