\u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7evresel g\u00f6stergelere g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye’de 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan toplam pestisit yani tar\u0131m zehri miktar\u0131, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131na g\u00f6re %8,08 artarak yakla\u015f\u0131k elli d\u00f6rt bin tona (54.098 ton) y\u00fckselmi\u015f. \u0130statistiksel verilerde baz\u0131 \u00e7eli\u015fkiler var ama bu yaz\u0131da \u00e7eli\u015fkilere de\u011fil de eksikliklere de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n
Pestisitler tar\u0131mda \u00e7e\u015fitli unsurlara kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131lan zehirli kimyasal maddelerdir. Tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lsalar da tar\u0131m zehri demek daha do\u011fru.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m zehirlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda fungusitler (mantar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler) geliyor.<\/p>\n
2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplam tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n %44’\u00fcn\u00fc fungusitler olu\u015fturuyor. Fungusitleri %22,8 ile insektisitler (b\u00f6cek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler), %23,5 ile herbisitler (ot \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler), %4,9 ile akarisitler (akar \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler), %0,5 ile rodentisitler (kemirgen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler) ve %12,4 ile di\u011ferleri (bitki aktivat\u00f6r\u00fc, bitki geli\u015fim d\u00fczenleyici, b\u00f6cek cezbedici, fumigant ve nematosit) izliyor.<\/p>\n
Ziraat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131’n\u0131n tahminlerine g\u00f6re 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m zehri miktar\u0131 ise %9 oran\u0131nda artarak yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 59 bin ton civar\u0131nda olacak.<\/p>\n
Bu rakamlara g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye’de 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda 37 bin alt\u0131 y\u00fcz elli bir ton (37.651 ton) olan toplam tar\u0131m zehri kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 son 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde %57 oran\u0131nda artarak 59 bin tona ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130statiksel veriler \u00e7ok genel<\/strong><\/p>\n Elbette bu art\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka parametrelerle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmeli.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ekili dikili, \u00f6rt\u00fc alt\u0131 vs. tar\u0131msal alanlarda da bir art\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m zehri miktar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n mutlak de\u011fil g\u00f6reli oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ekilen dikilen alan artmadan sadece kullan\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 birim alana d\u00fc\u015fen tar\u0131m zehri miktar\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu durum daha kayg\u0131 verici olacakt\u0131. Ancak bu detaylar \u00e7evresel g\u00f6stergeler i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00c7evresel g\u00f6stergeler i\u00e7inde yer alan pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair istatistiksel veriler \u00e7ok genel. \u00d6rne\u011fin il\u00e7eler baz\u0131nda detayl\u0131 veriler, kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m zehirlerinin ismi ve miktarlar\u0131 gibi bilgiler yok.<\/p>\n Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu Antalya ilinin Kumluca, Serik gibi tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin \u00e7ok yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu il\u00e7elerinde hangi tar\u0131m zehirlerinin ne miktarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirsiz \u00f6rne\u011fin.<\/p>\n Bu eksikliklere ra\u011fmen en az\u0131ndan bir fikir vermesi i\u00e7in il baz\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan pestisit ya da tar\u0131m zehri miktarlar\u0131na yak\u0131ndan bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131nda Antalya birinci s\u0131rada Antalya tar\u0131m zehri kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor. Antalya ilinde 2018’de kullan\u0131lan tar\u0131m zehri miktar\u0131n\u0131n Ziraat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131’n\u0131n 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmini dikkate alarak yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak be\u015f bin dokuz y\u00fcz elli dokuz ton (5.959 ton) oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n Bu rakam tek ba\u015f\u0131na bir \u015fey ifade etmiyor.<\/p>\n Biraz daha fikir vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f milyon dokuz y\u00fcz elli dokuz bin kilogram oldu\u011funu ve bu miktar\u0131n yuvarlak hesapla yar\u0131m kiloluk 12 milyon adet pet su \u015fi\u015fesine denk geldi\u011fini belirtmeliyim.<\/p>\n Antalya ilinin 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 n\u00fcfusu 2 milyon 426 bin olarak verilmi\u015f ve buna g\u00f6re Antalya’da ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.5 kilo pestisit d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu di\u011fer illerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen Manisa’da ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 3,7 kg, Ayd\u0131n’da 3,1 kg, Adana’da 2,4 kg ve Mersin’de ise 1,8 kg pestisit d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Ancak il baz\u0131ndaki kullan\u0131m miktarlar\u0131na de\u011fil tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu il\u00e7elerdeki kullan\u0131m miktarlar\u0131na bakmak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n Canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in ciddi risk<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u00f6rne\u011fin Antalya’da Kumluca ve Serik gibi tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin ve pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu il\u00e7elerde birim alana (ve ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na) d\u00fc\u015fen pestisit miktar\u0131n\u0131n bu de\u011ferlerin \u00e7ok daha \u00fcst\u00fcnde oldu\u011funu kesinlikle s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n Bu y\u00fcksekli\u011fin \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, tar\u0131msal alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, b\u00f6lge sakinleri, t\u00fcketiciler ve ekosistemdeki ar\u0131lar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere di\u011fer canl\u0131 t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in ciddi bir risk olu\u015fturdu\u011funu da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n Elbette kullan\u0131lan pestisitlere bir defada maruz kalm\u0131yoruz. Tar\u0131m zehirleri y\u0131l i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 zamanlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131yor ve geni\u015f bir co\u011frafi alana yay\u0131larak miktar\u0131 seyreliyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan miktar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131na ancak s\u00fcrekli olarak maruz kal\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n Maruziyet konusu \u00fclkemizde az \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f konulardan biridir. Pestisitlere maruziyet d\u00fczeyinin ne oldu\u011fu, olas\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k zararlar\u0131n\u0131n boyutlar\u0131, \u00e7evresel maliyetler ve toplumdaki hangi gruplar\u0131n bu a\u00e7\u0131dan daha k\u0131r\u0131lgan oldu\u011fu vb. gibi konular\u0131 ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fka bir yaz\u0131da ele almak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n Bu konularda somut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lmad\u0131k\u00e7a ger\u00e7ek durumun ne oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek \u00e7ok zor.<\/p>\n Ama ortada somut bir ger\u00e7ek var: T\u00fcrkiye’de pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 son on y\u0131lda %57 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f. \u00dclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, havas\u0131n\u0131n, sular\u0131n\u0131n ve do\u011fadaki canl\u0131lar\u0131n pestisitlere daha fazla maruz kalmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Pestisit kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnleri oran\u0131n\u0131n da art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n Pestisit kullan\u0131m miktarlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015flar Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n \u00fclke genelinde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik s\u00f6ylemlerinin ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Ne yaz\u0131k ki durumumuz bu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7evresel g\u00f6stergelere g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye’de 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[4087,3712,4197],"class_list":{"0":"post-31771","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-bulent-sik","9":"tag-manset","10":"tag-pestisit"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31771"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31771\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n2017 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle en fazla tar\u0131m zehri kullan\u0131lan ilk 5 il toplam kullan\u0131m\u0131n %10,1’i ile Antalya, %9’u ile Manisa, %9’u ile Adana, %5,7’si ile Mersin ve %5,7’si ile Ayd\u0131n olarak s\u0131ralan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\nBu art\u0131\u015f bir ba\u015far\u0131 de\u011fil, ciddi bir sorundur.<\/p>\n