Ge\u00e7en hafta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131n\u0131n son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde %57 oran\u0131nda artmas\u0131na de\u011finen bir yaz\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonra okurlardan \u00e7e\u015fitli mesajlar ald\u0131m. Mesajlarda pestisit (tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan zehirli kimyasal maddeler) kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair istatistiksel verilerdeki baz\u0131 tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar, kullan\u0131m miktarlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ne anlama geldi\u011fi ve art\u0131\u015fa nelerin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair sorular yer al\u0131yordu. Bu haftaki yaz\u0131mda k\u0131saca bu konulara de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n
Pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair internet ortam\u0131ndan elde edilebilecek istatistiksel veriler 1979 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar gidiyor.<\/p>\n
1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131 sekiz bin d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz ton (8.395 ton) civar\u0131nda. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda bu rakam yakla\u015f\u0131k on iki bin iki y\u00fcz tona (12.198 ton) \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan verilere g\u00f6re ise 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 54 bin ton civar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan bu verinin sorunlu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. O y\u0131llara ait \u00e7e\u015fitli yay\u0131nlardaki pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131na dair bilgilerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bir yay\u0131n\u0131nda 2003 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki toplam pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 33 bin ton olarak verilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan \u00e7evresel g\u00f6stergelere g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan toplam tar\u0131m zehri miktar\u0131 ise 54 bin tona y\u00fckselmi\u015f. Ziraat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tahminlerine g\u00f6re 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 ise 59 bin ton civar\u0131nda olacak.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 tahminler<\/strong><\/p>\n 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan toplam pestisit miktar\u0131n\u0131n 12 bin ton civar\u0131nda oldu\u011funu kabul ederek 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2018 y\u0131l\u0131na uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n be\u015f kat\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu hesaplayabiliriz. Bu ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok kayg\u0131 verici bir art\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan, Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan ve 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n 33 bin ton oldu\u011funu belirten veriyi dikkate al\u0131rsak 2018 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131 2002 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla yakla\u015f\u0131k %80 artm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ki bu da epeyce kayg\u0131 verici bir art\u0131\u015f oran\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130statistiksel veriler aras\u0131ndaki bu tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar konuyla ilgili kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n (Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu, \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131) ciddiyetsizli\u011fini yans\u0131t\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye genelinde pestisit kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n ne d\u00fczeyde oldu\u011funu belirlemek \u00e7ok zor olmamal\u0131.<\/p>\n Verilerdeki tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f pestisitlerin \u00fclkeye ka\u00e7ak olarak sokulup sokulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi bir dizi ba\u015fka soruyu da akla getiriyor.<\/p>\n Tam da bu noktada istatistiksel kay\u0131t tutma ve tutulan kay\u0131tlar\u0131 kamuoyuyla payla\u015fma konusundaki ba\u015fka bir meseleye de dikkat \u00e7ekmek istiyorum.<\/p>\n Bakanl\u0131k neden bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 yapm\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2014 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan pestisitleri ve ne miktarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 belirten ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 verileri internet ortam\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131yordu. Yani hangi pestisit ne kadar ithal edilmi\u015f, \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ne kadar \u00fcretilmi\u015f ya da zirai ila\u00e7 bayileri ne kadar satm\u0131\u015f gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgileri g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oluyordu.<\/p>\n Yay\u0131nlanan verilerin ne kadar do\u011fru oldu\u011fu bir sorun elbette ama yay\u0131nlanan bu veriler \u00fczerinden \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferlendirmeler yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oluyordu. Ancak bakanl\u0131k son be\u015f y\u0131ld\u0131r veri payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti. Sadece genel rakamlar\u0131 yani \u00fclke genelinde toplam ne kadar pestisit kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu veriler genel durumu yans\u0131tman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin son y\u0131llar\u0131n \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 tar\u0131m zehirlerinden glifosat\u0131n kullan\u0131m miktar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ldan y\u0131la ne d\u00fczeyde artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisi bu veriler i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Ortada bir ger\u00e7ek var: T\u00fcrkiye genelinde pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat ile be\u015f kat aras\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Oysa 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze uzanan s\u00fcre\u00e7te tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim yap\u0131lan ekili dikili alanlarda %13 oran\u0131nda bir azalma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u00c7e\u015fitli yay\u0131nlarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00e7ift\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da son 10 y\u0131lda y\u00fczde 38 azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor. Yani tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde daralma ya\u015fan\u0131rken pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n G\u0131da sorunlar\u0131na kamusal bak\u0131\u015f \u015fart<\/strong><\/p>\n Ekili alanlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik yaparak ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 azal\u0131rken pestisit kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131\u015flar olmas\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik ya da aile \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011finin a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, tar\u0131mda \u015firketle\u015fmenin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7an te\u015fvik ve uygulamalar, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi reg\u00fcle eden kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi gibi birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur.<\/p>\n \u00d6zetle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse pestisit kullan\u0131m miktarlar\u0131ndaki ciddi art\u0131\u015flar g\u0131da \u00fcretim-t\u00fcketim zincirinin metala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, piyasa ili\u015fkilerine tabi k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dclkemizde son 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u015fiddeti giderek artan neoliberal politikalar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri de budur.<\/p>\n Y\u0131ldan y\u0131la artan g\u0131da ithalat\u0131n\u0131, yiyeceklerimizin besleyici \u00f6zelliklerini yitirmesini, i\u00e7eri\u011finde pestisitler vb. gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli zararl\u0131 maddelerin bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 uygulanan toplumsal politikalar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 meseleler olarak g\u00f6rmek \u00f6nemlidir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm de do\u011fal olarak bireysel tercih ve yeme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesinden ziyade toplumsal politikalar\u0131 daha do\u011fru bir h\u00fcviyete kavu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermekten, sorunlara m\u00fcdahil olma kapasitemizi art\u0131ran kolektif olu\u015fumlar kurabilmekten ge\u00e7er. Elbette bireysel bilgi ve becerilerimizi art\u0131rmak, bireysel tercihlerimizi ve yeme al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek de \u00f6nemlidir ama bu tip \u00e7abalar\u0131n sorunlar \u00fczerinde s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ici bir etkisi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuz iklim krizi yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131, kurakl\u0131k vb. gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da sorunla g\u0131da \u00fcretiminde \u00e7ok ciddi zorluklara yol a\u00e7acakt\u0131r. \u00dclkemizin bu konuda ciddi bir haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u0131da \u00fcretim t\u00fcketim zincirinin kamusal bir bak\u0131\u015fla ele al\u0131nmas\u0131, halk ve \u00e7evre sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyucu politikalar oda\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131zla bir yeniden yap\u0131lanmaya gidilmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ge\u00e7en hafta T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan pestisit miktar\u0131n\u0131n son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde %57 oran\u0131nda…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[4087,3712,4197],"class_list":{"0":"post-31818","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-bulent-sik","9":"tag-manset","10":"tag-pestisit"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31818","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31818"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31818\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31819"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31818"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31818"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31818"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}