{"id":31882,"date":"2019-08-08T18:21:56","date_gmt":"2019-08-08T15:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=31882"},"modified":"2019-08-08T18:21:56","modified_gmt":"2019-08-08T15:21:56","slug":"siyanur-nedir-altin-ayristirmalarinda-neden-kullanilir-neden-olumculdur-gurkan-akcay-bilimfili","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/siyanur-nedir-altin-ayristirmalarinda-neden-kullanilir-neden-olumculdur-gurkan-akcay-bilimfili\/","title":{"rendered":"Siyan\u00fcr nedir, alt\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda neden kullan\u0131l\u0131r, neden \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fcr? – G\u00fcrkan Ak\u00e7ay (BilimFili)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Do\u011fayla sava\u015f halindeler, kazan\u0131rlarsa; hepimiz kaybedece\u011fiz.<\/em><\/p>\n

Toksikolojinin 500 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Paracelsus taraf\u0131ndan ifadelendirilen ve bug\u00fcn de modern toksikolojinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel prensip olan \u201cHer kimyasal, doza ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak toksiktir\u201d ger\u00e7e\u011fini dile getirerek ba\u015flayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Her g\u00fcn binlerce kimyasala maruz kal\u0131yoruz. Bunlardan ila\u00e7, g\u0131da katk\u0131s\u0131 ve kozmetik olarak kullan\u0131lanlar\u0131na bilerek\/isteyerek; \u00e7evre kirleticilerine, g\u0131da kirleticisi kimyasallara, g\u0131dalardaki do\u011fal kimyasallara ve i\u015f yeri kimyasallar\u0131na ise istemeyerek maruz kal\u0131yoruz. Kimyasallar\u0131n organizmada olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hasar olarak tan\u0131mlanan toksisite; \u00f6l\u00fcmden, organ hasar\u0131, kanser, DNA hasar\u0131, \u00fcreme sistemine etki, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemine etkiye kadar uzanan \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir spektrumu kapsar. Her kimyasal, doza ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olarak bu etkilerden birini veya birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131 birlikte g\u00f6sterir. (Karakaya, 2014).<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr, do\u011fal yollarla olu\u015fan, pek \u00e7ok bitkide bulunan ve 2000 y\u0131l boyunca n\u00fckleer silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda zehirleyici olarak kullan\u0131lan bir kimyasald\u0131r. Gaz halinde solunmas\u0131, kat\u0131 halde yutulmas\u0131 veya topikal maruz kalmayla absorbe edilmesi son derece \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir etkiye sahiptir. Tarihte bilinen iki b\u00fcy\u00fck olay olan 1978 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Jonestown Katliam\u0131 ve 1982 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Tylenol zehirlenmeleri, kimyasal\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcrpertici bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u0130lk kez 1782 y\u0131l\u0131nda, azota \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u011fla ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f karbonun olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir bile\u015fik (CN) olarak yal\u0131t\u0131lan kimyasal; baz\u0131 g\u0131dalar gibi do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7e\u015fitli end\u00fcstriyel kimyasallar ve sigara duman\u0131nda bulunabilir. \u0130malat sanayisinde ve pestisitlerde de kullan\u0131lan siyan\u00fcr, ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u0131pta da kontroll\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Siyan\u00fcr zehirlenmesinin en yayg\u0131n sebepleri ise; yang\u0131nlarda duman solunmas\u0131, siyan\u00fcr kullanan end\u00fcstriler (foto\u011fraf, kimyasal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, sentetik plastik, metal i\u015fleme ve elektrokaplama), kanser tedavi laetrili ve sigara duman\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan siyan\u00fcr i\u00e7eren pek \u00e7ok madde bulunabilir ancak bu maddelerin tamam\u0131 zehirli de\u011fildir. Sodyum siyan\u00fcr (NaCN), potasyum siyan\u00fcr (KCN), hidrojen siyan\u00fcr (HCN) ve siyanojen klor\u00fcr (CNCl) gibi bile\u015fikler, akut ve kronik maruziyette doza ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilecek kadar zehirli olabilirken; nitril denilen binlerce bile\u015fik, siyan\u00fcr grubunu i\u00e7ermesine ra\u011fmen toksik de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, t\u0131bbi ila\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 nitrillerde siyan\u00fcr bulabilirsiniz. Nitriller, metabolik bir zehir olarak hareket eden CN- (eksi) iyonunu kolay kolay salamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in tehlikeli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Kimyasal Bir Silah Olarak Siyan\u00fcr Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sava\u015flarda siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131, 1870-1871 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Fransa-Prusya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Bu sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Fransa ba\u015fkan\u0131 III. Napolyon, askerlerine silahlar\u0131n\u0131n u\u00e7lar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcng\u00fcleri bu zehire bat\u0131rmalar\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan Roma \u0130mparatoru Nero\u2019nun da siyan\u00fcr i\u00e7eren bir vi\u015fne suyu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 zehir olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Her iki D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Frans\u0131z ve Avusturya birlikleri siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131rken; \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da fa\u015fist Nazi Almanyas\u0131 milyonlarca insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kemirgen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olan Zyklon B\u2018yi kulland\u0131. 1980\u2019lerde, \u0130ran-Irak sava\u015f\u0131nda Irak\u2019taki ve Suriye\u2019deki K\u00fcrtler \u00fczerinde siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aum Shinrikyo isimli bir Japon tarikat\u0131 metro banyolar\u0131na siyan\u00fcr yerle\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131n Ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131nda Siyan\u00fcr Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr, pek \u00e7ok metalle kolayl\u0131kla birle\u015febilme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir. Bu da alt\u0131n gibi metallerin cevherinden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda onu kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir kimyasal yapmaktad\u0131r. Alt\u0131n\u0131n cevherden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6zelti, sodyum siyan\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltisidir. Alt\u0131n madencili\u011finde kullan\u0131lan iki tip ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi s\u00f6z konusudur:<\/p>\n

Y\u0131\u011fma \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnd\u00fcrme (Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n li\u00e7i) olarak bilinen y\u00f6ntem, a\u00e7\u0131k olarak yap\u0131lan ve dev toplama pedleri \u00fczerine serpilmi\u015f devasa y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlardaki cevher \u00fczerine siyan\u00fcr sol\u00fcsyonu p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclerek uygulan\u0131r. Siyan\u00fcr, alt\u0131n\u0131 cevherden \u00e7\u00f6zerek \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye dahil eder ve y\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerinden ak\u0131p gider. Pedler alt\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f metal \u00e7\u00f6zeltiyi toplar ve bu durum cevher tamamen t\u00fckenene kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Tank li\u00e7i ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma olarak bilinen di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemde ise, cevher, geni\u015f tanklar i\u00e7erisindeki siyan\u00fcr sol\u00fcsyonuyla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. D\u00f6k\u00fclme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan bu s\u00fcrecin son derece kontroll\u00fc yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, cevher art\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck bentlerin (at\u0131k barajlar\u0131n\u0131n) arkas\u0131nda depolan\u0131r ve olas\u0131 s\u0131zmalarda felaketle sonu\u00e7lanan senaryolar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7abilir. Alt\u0131n kazan\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra ise, at\u0131k havuzuna at\u0131lacak siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc su, kontrol edilmeli, do\u011faya de\u015farj\u0131 \u00f6nlenmelidir. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6zel at\u0131k baraj\u0131 dizaynlar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Burada as\u0131l \u00f6nemli olan, tank li\u00e7i ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminde kullan\u0131lan sodyum siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn (NaCN), pH de\u011ferinin s\u00fcrekli olarak 10-11 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck pH\u2019da NaCN bozulur ve hidrojen siyan\u00fcre (HCN) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu gaz son derece \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcrle ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n etkinli\u011finden kaynakl\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu alt\u0131n madeni \u015firketi (%90), d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck cevher seviyelerinde bile \u00e7ok daha fazla k\u00e2r sa\u011flayan bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr Kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve Tehlikeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr, \u00e7evreye yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, t\u00fcm canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl tehlike olu\u015fturan son derece tehlikeli bir kimyasald\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin siyan\u00fcr d\u00f6k\u00fclmeleri, i\u00e7me suyu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesine, \u00e7ok say\u0131da bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine ve tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn yasalar ve kurallar olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131yla ilgili riskler yine de mevcuttur ve kaza ihtimali vard\u0131r. \u00dclkelerin hepsi siyan\u00fcr\u00fc ya da tehlikeli maddeleri ayn\u0131 oranda denetlemez. Yak\u0131n tarihte ya\u015fanan facialar \u00e7ok say\u0131da insan ve di\u011fer canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin hayat\u0131na mal olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Meksika, 2014: Yo\u011fun ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar sonras\u0131, 500.000 galon siyan\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, Proyecto Magistral madenindeki istinat havuzundan d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ta\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zistan, Kumtor Alt\u0131n Madeni, 1998: 2 ton sodyum siyan\u00fcr ta\u015f\u0131yan bir kamyon Barskoon nehrine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, b\u00f6ylece 2.000\u2019den fazla insan t\u0131bbi yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Romanya, Aural Gold, 2000: Bir at\u0131k baraj\u0131 patlad\u0131, Tisza ve Tuna Nehirlerine 3,5 milyon metrek\u00fcp siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc at\u0131k d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc, Macaristan ve Yugoslavya\u2019ya do\u011fru yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 kilometre boyunca bulunan su kaynaklar\u0131 zehirlendi ve binlerce bal\u0131k \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fik Devletler, Zortman-Landusky Madeni; Montana, 1982: 52.000 galon siyan\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6zeltisi, Zortman kasabas\u0131na i\u00e7me suyu sa\u011flayan su ta\u015f\u0131rlar\u0131 (akifer) zehirledi. Kaza, bir maden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n evdeki musluk suyunda siyan\u00fcr kokusu oldu\u011funu fark etmesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l Zehirler? Neden \u00d6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131, siyan\u00fcr iyonu CN- (eksi), h\u00fccrelerde bulunan enerji \u00fcretim organeli olan mitokondrilerdeki elektron ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemini bozar. Siyan\u00fcr iyonu, mitokondrilerde bulunan ve oksijenli solunumun elektron ta\u015f\u0131ma sisteminde; oksijene elektron ta\u015f\u0131yan sitokrom C oksidazdaki demir atomuna tutunur. Bu tutunma yoluyla, siyan\u00fcr, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz bir enzim bask\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 gibi davranarak sitokrom C oksidaz\u0131n g\u00f6revini yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Oksijeni kullanma yetisi kaybolan mitokondri, enerji molek\u00fcl\u00fc olan adenozin trifosfat\u0131 (ATP) \u00fcretemez. Yani siyan\u00fcr, h\u00fccrelerin enerji \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in gerekli oksijeni kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. Bunun sonucunda da, kalp kas\u0131 h\u00fccreleri ve sinir h\u00fccreleri gibi bu tip enerjiye gereksinim duyan dokulardaki h\u00fccreler, enerji ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 gideremez ve h\u0131zl\u0131 h\u00fccre \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ba\u015flar. H\u00fccre \u00f6l\u00fcmleri yeteri kadar y\u00fcksek say\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da canl\u0131 formu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcre uzun s\u00fcreler uyar\u0131c\u0131 akut belirtiler g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyecek kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ancak mesleki maruziyet limiti olan 11 mg\/m3 \u2019\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde dozlarda maruz kal\u0131n\u0131rsa merkezi sinir sistemi ve hipofiz bezi \u00fczerinde kronik toksik etkiler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bu etkiler, siyan\u00fcrle yap\u0131lan metal kaplama i\u015f\u00e7ilerinde rapor edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Hidrojen siyan\u00fcr veya siyanojen klor\u00fcr formunda siyan\u00fcr gaz\u0131na, 2.5-5 mg \u2022 dak \/ metrek\u00fcp ve 11 mg \u2022 dak \/ metre k\u00fcp seviyelerinde maruz kalan her 100 insandan 50\u2019sinin \u00f6lmesi beklenir. Sodyum siyan\u00fcr ve potasyum siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn sindirim yoluna kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ise \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olan doz, 100-200 miligram kadard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi bir maruziyette, \u00f6l\u00fcm, 10 dakika i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlarla birlikte, siyan\u00fcre maruz kalabilme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00fc\u00e7 temel hayvan grubu daha vard\u0131r. Birinci grup kara hayvanlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130kinci grup ku\u015flar, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc grup ise suda ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lard\u0131r. Birinci gruptaki hayvanlar\u0131n, siyan\u00fcrle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, insanlar i\u00e7in al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerden dolay\u0131 k\u0131smen de olsa azd\u0131r. As\u0131l risk gurubunda olan ise su canl\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu canl\u0131lar siyan\u00fcr zehrine en duyarl\u0131 olanlard\u0131r ve siyan\u00fcr suya kar\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, zarar g\u00f6rmeleri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr Zehirlenmesinin Semptomlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr, h\u0131zl\u0131 etki eden bir zehirdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da belirtileri ve \u00f6l\u00fcm de s\u0131kl\u0131kla \u00e7ok \u00e7abuk ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Zehirlenmenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 maruz kal\u0131nan bile\u015fik tipine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. Bu bile\u015fikler i\u00e7erisinde en h\u0131zl\u0131 etki edeni, gaz haldeki hidrojen siyan\u00fcrd\u00fcr (HCN) ve belirtileri saniyeler i\u00e7erisinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar, \u00f6l\u00fcm ise dakikalar i\u00e7erisinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u00d6te yandan siyan\u00fcr tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n oral yolla al\u0131nmas\u0131nda ise, yava\u015f emilim nedeniyle zehirlenme de yava\u015f olmakta ve acil tedavi ile ki\u015finin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hafif derece zehirlenmelerde; belirtiler spesifik olmamakla birlikte, kuvvet kayb\u0131, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, ba\u015f d\u00f6nmesi, bulant\u0131 ve kusma \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bulant\u0131 ve kusma genellikle, siyan\u00fcr tuzlar\u0131n\u0131n mide mukozas\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir sonucudur. Siyan\u00fcr zehirlenmesi semptomlar\u0131, di\u011fer birtak\u0131m kimyasal maddelere maruz kalma ile benzerdir, bu nedenle belirtilere kesin olarak siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn neden oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyin. Ancak her durumda da, kendinizi maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yerden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve derhal t\u0131bbi yard\u0131m al\u0131n.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan b\u00fcy\u00fck dozlarda veya uzun s\u00fcreli maruziyette ise; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tansiyon, bayg\u0131nl\u0131k, konvulsiyon, kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131nda yava\u015flama, akci\u011fer hasar\u0131, solunum yetmezli\u011fi ve koma gibi ba\u015fka birtak\u0131m semptomlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Siyan\u00fcr zehirlenmesinden kaynakl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcmler genellikle solunum ve kalp yetmezli\u011finden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Siyan\u00fcre maruz kalan ki\u015fi, siyan\u00fcr iyonunun h\u00fccrelerdeki demire ba\u011flanmas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 koyu lacivert ya da mavi bir ten rengine sahip olabilir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, oksijen dolu kan\u0131n h\u00fccrelerde kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131ndan kaynakl\u0131 kiraz k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir ten rengine de sahip olabilir. \u00d6te yandan cilt ve v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 badem benzeri bir kokuya neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr Zehirlenmesinin Bir Tedavisi Bulunuyor Mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u00fcndelik hayatta \u00e7evremizde olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131n olan bu kimyasal\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir miktar\u0131n\u0131 v\u00fccudumuz kendisinden temizleyebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7ekirde\u011finde eser miktarda siyan\u00fcr bulunan elmay\u0131 \u00e7ekirdekleriyle yemek ya da sigara duman\u0131na maruz kalmak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olmayabilir.<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn bir zehir olarak ya da kimyasal bir silah olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda ise; tedavi, maruz kal\u0131nan doza ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek dozda maruz kal\u0131nan siyan\u00fcrde \u00f6l\u00fcm \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 meydana geldi\u011finden tedavi i\u00e7in genellikle f\u0131rsat kalmaz. Ancak uygulanacak ilk yard\u0131m m\u00fcdahalesi olarak ki\u015finin derhal temiz havaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Yutulan ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck dozlarda solunmu\u015f siyan\u00fcr, zehir etkisini ortadan kald\u0131ran veya siyan\u00fcre ba\u011flanan antidotlar (ila\u00e7, panzehir) uygulanarak \u00f6nlenebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, B12 vitamini (hidrosokobalamin), siyan\u00fcrle reaksiyona girer ve idrarla at\u0131lan siyanokobalamini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan amil nitritin solunmas\u0131, siyan\u00fcr zehirlenmelerinde ve karbonmonoksit zehirlenmelerinde solunumu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Vakaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak; fel\u00e7, karaci\u011fer hasar\u0131, b\u00f6brek hasar\u0131 ve tiroit yetmezli\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclse de tamamen iyile\u015fme m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fayla Sava\u015f Halindeler<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu veriler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, alt\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda siyan\u00fcr kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 kaza ve s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131larda \u00e7evrede ve canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl etkiler do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Tehlike, yaln\u0131zca siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc alt\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 de\u011fil, alt\u0131n arama s\u0131ras\u0131nda uygulanan prosed\u00fcrden kaynakl\u0131 do\u011fa ve mevcut ekosistem \u00fczerinde de tahribat yarat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle cevherin i\u00e7erisindeki de\u011ferli metal miktar\u0131 belirlenir, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u201calt\u0131n arama\u201d olarak isimlendirilir.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptand\u0131ktan sonra, yap\u0131lan ilk i\u015flem toprak \u00fczerindeki bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn tra\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan topra\u011f\u0131n verimli k\u0131sm\u0131 olan \u00fcst k\u0131s\u0131m s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan cevhere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in patlama uygulanarak toprak ve i\u00e7erisindeki kayalar par\u00e7alan\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca bu a\u015famaya kadar bile b\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, \u00e7evre ekosistemlerdeki canl\u0131lara ve do\u011fal kaynaklara zarar verir. Yarat\u0131lan g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, etrafa sa\u00e7\u0131lan kaya par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve toz, pek \u00e7ok canl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam\u0131na mal olur. Yani siyan\u00fcrle ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacak cevheri elde edinceye kadar neden olunan do\u011fa hasar\u0131, felaketin yaln\u0131zca bir boyutudur. S\u0131radan bir alt\u0131n madeninde s\u0131radan bir alt\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fck \u00fcretebilmek i\u00e7in, 20 tondan fazla maden at\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretilir. \u00dcretilen maden at\u0131\u011f\u0131 miktar\u0131, kaz\u0131lan devasa \u00e7ukurlar, katledilen do\u011fa ve canl\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, siyan\u00fcr\u00fcn sebep olaca\u011f\u0131 hasar ne denli umursanacakt\u0131r hen\u00fcz bilmiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Kaz Da\u011flar\u0131 ve Kirazl\u0131 mevkiinde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen alt\u0131n madeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 neticesinde alt\u0131n madeni i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgede kesilen a\u011fa\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri \u00fczerinden 195.000 olarak tespit edildi\u011fi ifade ediliyor. \u00c7anakkale Kirazl\u0131\u2019da Siyan\u00fcrl\u00fc Alt\u0131n Madeni alan\u0131n\u0131n %98,7\u2019si orman alan\u0131nda bulunuyor. B\u00f6lgede 18 memeli, 41 ku\u015f, 10 s\u00fcr\u00fcngen ve 117 b\u00f6cek t\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015f\u0131yor. Orman 283 farkl\u0131 bitki t\u00fcr\u00fcne ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. Proje alan\u0131nda tespit edilen t\u00fcrlerin 7\u2019si ise endemik t\u00fcr stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fayla sava\u015f halindeler, kazan\u0131rlarsa; hepimiz kaybedece\u011fiz. #KazDa\u011flar\u0131Bizim<\/p>\n

Kaynak ve \u0130leri Okuma Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2019, August 3). How Does Cyanide Kill? https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/overview-of-cyanide-poison-609287WHO- The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS).<\/p>\n

Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanides:Human Health Aspects.WHO Publication. Geneva (2004). https:\/\/www.who.int\/ipcs\/publications\/cicad\/en\/cicad61.pdfChronic cyanide exposure: a clinical,radioisotope, and laboratory study.<\/p>\n

British Journal of Industrial Medicine, (1975). https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/content\/32\/3\/215.shortAlt\u0131n Madencili\u011finde Tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan Konu<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr: \u0130nsan Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Y\u00f6n\u00fcnden Nedir, Ne De\u011fildir? Karakaya. Madencilik T\u00fcrkiye, (2014). http:\/\/altinmadencileri.org.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Madencilik_Turkiye_Sayi_43_AliEsatKarakaya_HQ.pdf<\/p>\n

Siyan\u00fcr Zehirlenmesi. Renklida\u011f& Karaman. TTB. sted, (2003). http:\/\/www.ttb.org.tr\/STED\/sted0903\/siyanur.pdf<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131n Politikalar\u0131 Sempozyumu (2009) (71-82). TMMOB\/Maden M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131. http:\/\/www.maden.org.tr\/resimler\/ekler\/644b6608791fe87_ek.pdf<\/p>\n

Facts About Cyanide. CDC. https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/agent\/cyanide\/basics\/facts.aspCyanide Use in Gold Mining. EarthWorks (accessed August 7th, 2019). https:\/\/earthworks.org\/issues\/cyanide\/<\/p>\n

TEMA Vakf\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131: \u00c7anakkale Kirazl\u0131\u2019da \u00c7ED\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131 davranan i\u015fletmeyi durdurun. TEMA Vakf\u0131 (25.07.19). http:\/\/www.tema.org.tr\/web_14966-2_1\/entitialfocus.aspx?primary_id=2181&target=categorial1&type=2&detail=single<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Do\u011fayla sava\u015f halindeler, kazan\u0131rlarsa; hepimiz kaybedece\u011fiz. Toksikolojinin 500 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Paracelsus…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31885,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[1365],"class_list":{"0":"post-31882","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-siyanur"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31882\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}