{"id":3274,"date":"2011-07-11T07:50:49","date_gmt":"2011-07-11T04:50:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3274"},"modified":"2019-01-28T21:01:22","modified_gmt":"2019-01-28T18:01:22","slug":"hesler-ve-enerjide-somuru-mehmet-yusufoglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/hesler-ve-enerjide-somuru-mehmet-yusufoglu\/","title":{"rendered":"HES&#8217;ler ve enerjide s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc &#8211; Mehmet Yusufo\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Yenilenebilir Enerji Kanunu (YEK) ile HES&#8217;lere \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir te\u015fvik verdi. 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k al\u0131m garantisi ve kilowatt-saat ba\u015f\u0131na 0.073 dolar ya da 7.3 cent. T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 olarak ise bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in 11.6 kuru\u015f. Bu te\u015fvik sermayedarlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f durumda ve bu durum sonu\u00e7 olarak vergi ve elektrik \u00fccretleri \u00fczerinden birilerini zengin etmek demek. Halk\u0131n bu temel ve alternatifi olmayan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, \u015firketlere yeni ve garantili k\u00e2r alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu durum HES kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin suyun metala\u015fmas\u0131 ile birlikte dile getirilmesi gereken boyutlar\u0131ndan biri.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Sermaye yanl\u0131s\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler en ufak bir me\u015fru alan bulduklar\u0131nda -\u00f6rne\u011fin &#8220;Yenilenebilir Enerji&#8221; kavram\u0131 \u00f6yle bir alan- hemen sermayeyi desteklemenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 buluyorlar. \u00c7evre ve Orman Bakan\u0131, Devlet Meteoroloji \u0130\u015flerinin hava durumunu yay\u0131mlayan sitesinde bile HES&#8217;leri yenilenebilir kaynak olarak \u00f6vmek zorunda hissetmi\u015f kendini. Yenilenebilir enerji kavram\u0131n\u0131n me\u015frulu\u011funa s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131p verilen te\u015fvikler ve bu canh\u0131ra\u015f savunu elektrik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve ticarile\u015fmenin \u00e7ok h\u0131zlanmas\u0131 ve biz kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n da piyasa akt\u00f6rlerine teslim edilmesi i\u00e7in.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>\u015eirketler i\u00e7in elektri\u011fe %72 zam\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Elektrik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m b\u00f6lgelerinin ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00fcretim santrallerinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi tamamland\u0131. B\u00f6ylece elektrik faturalar\u0131m\u0131za elektri\u011fin maliyeti yan\u0131nda patronlar\u0131n ve \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin k\u00e2rlar\u0131 da eklenmekte. Hatta burada devletin \u00f6zel sermayedarlar\u0131 desteklemesi \u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131k ki, yukar\u0131da ifade etti\u011fimiz elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m hatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6ncesi sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u015firketler cazip hale getirmek i\u00e7in Aral\u0131k 2007- Ocak 2010 aras\u0131nda elektri\u011fe %72 zam yap\u0131ld\u0131. Hemen ard\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve \u00fcretim \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeleri yap\u0131larak yasaya g\u00f6re yeni kurulan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m, \u00fcretim, toptan sat\u0131\u015f ve perakende sat\u0131\u015f \u015firketlerine \u00f6nemli bir kar alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece elektrik t\u00fcketicileri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakt\u0131klar\u0131 anda en az 4 \u015firketin kar etmesi sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f oldu.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fdamla HES ve Acele Kamula\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>May\u0131s ay\u0131nda Antalya-Akseki&#8217;ye ba\u011fl\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fdamla, k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 as\u0131l ad\u0131yla Zilan k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki HES protestosuna kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere gitti\u011fimizde bu g\u00fczel k\u00f6y\u00fcn yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki in\u015faat\u0131n do\u011fay\u0131 nas\u0131l mahvetti\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck. K\u00f6yl\u00fcler y\u0131llard\u0131r ge\u00e7imlik tar\u0131m \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131, etraf\u0131na hayat katan, \u00e7ocuklardan ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131na kadar, ekmek yap\u0131lan de\u011firmenine kadar k\u00f6y\u00fcn hayat\u0131n\u0131n, ortak gelece\u011finin, an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bu suyun kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tehlikeye girmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok tepkiliydi. \u0130n\u015faat\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fa katliam\u0131, kesilen a\u011fa\u00e7lar, toprak y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f yama\u00e7lar, dere yata\u011f\u0131na ta\u015fan hafriyatlar, y\u0131k\u0131lan istinat duvarlar\u0131 i\u00e7imizi ac\u0131tt\u0131. K\u00f6yl\u00fclerin satmak istemedikleri yerlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131na \u201cacele kamula\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d yolu ile el konulmas\u0131, yani sava\u015f ve savunma gibi \u00e7ok istisnai nedenlerle yap\u0131labilecek bu y\u00f6ntemin bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a uygulanmas\u0131 da dikkat \u00e7ekilmesi gereken bir nokta.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Y\u0131lda 3 milyon dolar, yani 4,8 milyon TL\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Kabaca bir hesap yaparsak, Zilan&#8217;daki 7 MW (mega-watt) g\u00fcc\u00fcndeki HES&#8217;in yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetinin en \u00e7ok 11-12 milyon dolar oldu\u011funu bu tip projelerdeki genel maliyeti (yani 1250-1500 $\/kw) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek \u00f6ng\u00f6rebiliriz. Proje ilk \u00f6nce 10 MW iken sonra 7 MW&#8217;a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f; yani \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma verimlili\u011fi y\u00fcksek olaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Y\u00fczde 80 kapasite ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile saatte 0.073x7000x0.8=408 dolarl\u0131k yani y\u0131lda 3,5 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir elektrik \u00fcretilecektir.(1) Biliyoruz ki yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m miktar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra HES&#8217;in \u00fcretti\u011fi elektri\u011fin kw-saat ba\u015f\u0131na maliyeti 1-2 kuru\u015fu kesinlikle ge\u00e7meyecektir. B\u00f6ylece yat\u0131r\u0131m k\u00f6t\u00fc kurakl\u0131k \u015fartlar\u0131nda bile 4 y\u0131lda kendini amorti edecek ard\u0131ndan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda yani her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon dolardan fazla garanti kar elde edecektir. H\u00fck\u00fcmet HES&#8217;lerde \u00fcretilen elektri\u011fe al\u0131m garantisi vererek k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ve bizlerin vergileri ile bu do\u011fa katliam\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmi\u015f oluyor. Yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyeti 4 y\u0131lda kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131ktan sonra saatte en az 400 dolar yani 650 TL&#8217;lik k\u00e2r devletin verdi\u011fi 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k al\u0131m garantisi ile lisans sahibi Erenler Enerji \u015firketine kalacakt\u0131r. Tabi bu yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n uygun ko\u015fullarda kredi ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 da muhtemel zira D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 1,7 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir krediyi ki kredinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 \u201ctemiz teknoloji fonu\u201d, h\u00fck\u00fcmete vermi\u015f durumda ve bu kredi TSKB (T\u00fcrkiye S\u0131nai Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kulland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Enerji ve ekoloji politikalar\u0131 k\u00fcresel ve yerel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00fcretimden t\u00fcketime geni\u015f bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu; baz\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 noktalar \u015funlar olabilir:\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn Y\u00f6n\u00fc ve Y\u00fck\u00fc\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>D\u00fcnyada mevcut ekonomi hacmi ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte kalsa bile art\u0131k ekolojik limitlerin a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc veriler ve \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalar var. Madde ve enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 yan\u0131nda ba\u015fta karbondioksit olmak \u00fczere kirlilik, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yenilenme kapasitesini art\u0131k a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek yanl\u0131\u015f olmaz. Bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm gerekli. Ekonomide art\u0131k ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olan bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc bahane ederek, maliyeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fa y\u00fcklemek ve yeni k\u00e2r alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7mak enerji d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik ad\u0131na ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmek istenen ama\u00e7lardan biri. \u201cYenilenebilirlik\u201d ve \u201cEnerji verimlili\u011fi\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fruiyeti \u00fczerinden bir yeniden yap\u0131lanma var ve maliyeti eme\u011fiyle ge\u00e7inenler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r olacak. HES\u2019leri bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden tart\u0131\u015fabiliriz.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>\u0130n\u015faat Sekt\u00f6r\u00fc\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Paralel bir \u015fekilde, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye \u00f6zg\u00fc pek \u00e7ok s\u00fcre\u00e7 de incelenebilir, \u00e7e\u015fitli sermayelerin birikim ihtiyac\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131labilir. Bir tanesine de\u011finmeden ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fim. \u0130n\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, birikim ihtiyac\u0131 ve sermaye birikimindeki rol\u00fc yan\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;ye yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde AKP&#8217;nin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 sermaye kesimlerini yans\u0131tmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan incelenmeli. Bu alanda, in\u015fas\u0131 bitmekte olan b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f yollar, TOK\u0130 in\u015faatlar\u0131 ve ilk elden sat\u0131l\u0131p elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kentsel de\u011ferli alanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir doygunluk olu\u015ftu. Bu alandaki birikim ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Kanal \u0130stanbul gibi projelere ve HES&#8217;ler gibi in\u015faat \u015firketlerinin bir yandan k\u00e2r edip bir yandan kendilerini yeni ve garantili alanlara s\u0131\u00e7ratmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak projelere y\u00f6neltiyor. Dikkat edelim AKP&#8217;nin 12 Haziran&#8217;da yap\u0131lan se\u00e7im \u00f6ncesi a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 projelerin hemen hepsi, sermayenin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda \u015fekillenen in\u015faat projeleriydi.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Ekolojik Bor\u00e7\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>Enerji yo\u011fun \u00fcretim ve t\u00fcketim yap\u0131s\u0131 ve onun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji gereksinimin sorgulanmas\u0131 da de\u011finilebilecek \u00f6nemli noktalardan. \u00c7imento, demir-\u00e7elik gibi materyal yo\u011fun ve enerji yo\u011fun \u00fcretimde, geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler ile e\u015fitsiz bir de\u011fi\u015fim \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde eklemlenme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu \u201cekolojik bor\u00e7\u201d ve \u201cekolojik e\u015fitsiz de\u011fi\u015fim\u201d konusunu ele almak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin enerji yo\u011fun bir \u00fcretim gerektiren \u00e7imento ihracat\u0131nda Avrupa birincisi ve d\u00fcnya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler madde ve enerji yo\u011fun \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ithal ederek kar\u015f\u0131larken, T\u00fcrkiye sermayesi \u00fcretimden do\u011fan kirlilik ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 kendi emek\u00e7i ve yoksullar\u0131na y\u00fcklemekte daha \u201ccesur\u201d. Yerel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte de, hatta kentsel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte de ekolojik maliyetlerin ihra\u00e7 edilmesi s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6zlemlenen uygulamalardan.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>1 MW Kurulu G\u00fc\u00e7 Ba\u015f\u0131na 500 bin dolar k\u00e2r\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>K\u0131saca s\u00f6ylersek, HES m\u00fccadelelerinde dikkat edebilece\u011fimiz konulardan biri de \u015fu: \u015eirketler en \u00e7ok 3-4 y\u0131lda yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetini \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yor. Sonras\u0131nda garanti olarak 1 MW kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131lda 450-500 bin dolar k\u00e2r elde edecekler. \u00d6rne\u011fin 10 MW kurulu g\u00fc\u00e7 i\u00e7in bu 4,5-5 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir y\u0131ll\u0131k net kar demek. Bu para, elektrik t\u00fcketicileri ve vergi m\u00fckelleflerinden \u015firketlere aktar\u0131lacak. Her alanda \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fl\u0131 demeden kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en temel ve vazge\u00e7ilmez ihtiya\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6dedi\u011fimiz paralar Erenler Enerji gibi birtak\u0131m parababalar\u0131n\u0131 zengin etmeye yarayacak. HES&#8217;lere kar\u015f\u0131 Karadeniz&#8217;den Munzur&#8217;a, Hopa&#8217;dan Antalya-Akseki G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fdamla k\u00f6y\u00fcne kadar \u00f6zverili insanlarca verilmekte olan m\u00fccadele suya, hayata, eme\u011fimize, ortak ge\u00e7mi\u015fimize, de\u011ferlerimize ve gelecek nesillerimize sahip \u00e7\u0131kmak anlam\u0131na geliyor.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>(1) Hesaplamada kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntem ve oranlar i\u00e7in: TMMOB 3. Enerji Verimlili\u011fi Kongresi Bildiriler Kitab\u0131, TMMOB, Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi Nisan 2011. Su debisi \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lacak hesaplar ile de bu sonuca ula\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Mehmet Yusufo\u011flu\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>M\u00dc Kalk\u0131nma \u0130kt. Doktora\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>mehmetyusufoglu01@gmail.com<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong><em>Kaynak: Sendika.Org\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan Yenilenebilir Enerji Kanunu (YEK) ile HES&#8217;lere \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir te\u015fvik verdi. 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k al\u0131m garantisi ve kilowatt-saat ba\u015f\u0131na 0.073 dolar ya da 7.3 cent. T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 olarak ise bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in 11.6 kuru\u015f. Bu te\u015fvik sermayedarlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerini d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f durumda ve bu durum sonu\u00e7 olarak vergi ve elektrik \u00fccretleri \u00fczerinden birilerini zengin etmek demek. Halk\u0131n bu temel ve alternatifi olmayan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, \u015firketlere yeni ve garantili k\u00e2r alan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu durum HES kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin suyun metala\u015fmas\u0131 ile birlikte dile getirilmesi gereken boyutlar\u0131ndan biri.\u00a0\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[145],"class_list":{"0":"post-3274","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-hes"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3274"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3274\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}