Ertu\u011frul Aksoy:<\/strong> Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131na sadece T\u00fcrkiye’nin de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerinin haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim; salg\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k konusunda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ciddi sorunlar, salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemler ile bu \u00f6nlemlerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla sanayi, hizmet, turizm sekt\u00f6rleri ekseninde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya yarataca\u011f\u0131 ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131n g\u00f6lgesinde kald\u0131. <\/p>\n \u00dcreticiler ve tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin \u00f6nemini, vazge\u00e7ilmezli\u011fini ve \u00e7ok daha \u00f6ncelikli desteklenmesi gerekti\u011fini; insanlar\u0131n marketlerde, pazarlarda beslenme ve g\u0131daya eri\u015fme kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler \u00fclkemizi y\u00f6netenlere bir kez daha g\u00f6sterdi. Y\u0131llard\u0131r konunun uzmanlar\u0131, halktan, emekten, \u00fcretici ve \u00fcretimden yana insanlar ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda oldu\u011fu gibi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde (\u00f6zellikle bu\u011fday, pamuk, m\u0131s\u0131r, pirin\u00e7, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, baklagiller ve yem bitkileri gibi stratejik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde) \u00fclkenin kendine yeterlili\u011fini savundular. Buna ra\u011fmen 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra \u00f6zellikle de AKP\u2019li d\u00f6nemde, yoksulla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcreticiler \u00fcretemez duruma getirildi, tar\u0131m arazileri bo\u015f kald\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerin, aile i\u015fletmecilerinin yoksulla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131, bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131, zay\u0131flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak tar\u0131mda \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecinin h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, aile i\u015fletmeleri \u00fcretimi terk etmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rken, verilen desteklerle say\u0131lar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artan kar ama\u00e7l\u0131 tar\u0131m \u015firketlerine dayal\u0131 bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile 2000\u2019li y\u0131llar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerin yoksulla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, arazilerini ve en iyi bildikleri i\u015flerini kaybettikleri yani i\u015fsizle\u015ftikleri bir d\u00f6nem oldu. <\/p>\n Tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan n\u00fcfusun \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k geliri 2 bin dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda. Yoksulla\u015fan, bor\u00e7lanan \u00e7ift\u00e7iler tar\u0131mdan koptu, tarlalar ve meralar yani 3,2 milyon hektar arazi bo\u015f kald\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 20\u2019si tar\u0131mdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131, tar\u0131m\u0131n istihdamdaki pay\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn azalarak, y\u00fczde 35\u2019lerden y\u00fczde 19\u2019lara geriledi. Tar\u0131m\u0131n milli gelirdeki pay\u0131 da y\u00fczde 10\u2019dan y\u00fczde 6\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Tar\u0131m Kanunu\u2019nun 21. Maddesi’ne g\u00f6re, milli gelirin en az y\u00fczde 1\u2019inin tar\u0131msal desteklemeye ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bu rakam uzun d\u00f6nem ortalamas\u0131 olarak y\u00fczde 0,5 civar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ba\u015fka anlat\u0131mla kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi d\u00f6nemden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze verilen destekler (103 milyar TL) dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ift\u00e7iler iktidardan 121 milyar TL alacakl\u0131 durumda. <\/p>\n \u00dcreticiler \u00fclkemiz tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n en temel sorunu olan ve \u00e7o\u011fu ithalata dayal\u0131 y\u00fcksek girdi maliyetleri alt\u0131nda ezildi. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7ift\u00e7inin elinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f fiyatlar\u0131 3 kat artarken, tar\u0131m girdilerinin fiyatlar\u0131 5 kat artt\u0131.<\/p>\n Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta verim artm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen tar\u0131msal ve hayvansal \u00fcretimde gerileme ya\u015fand\u0131, artan n\u00fcfusun gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelindi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile ge\u00e7mi\u015fte tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde kendine yeten 7 d\u00fcnya \u00fclkesinden biri iken bir\u00e7ok stratejik tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnde, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale geldik. Buna ra\u011fmen Tar\u0131m Bakan\u0131 bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrkiye, tar\u0131m alan\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n birinci \u00fclkesi. GSYH\u2019deki tar\u0131msal b\u00fcy\u00fcmede Avrupa\u2019da birinci d\u00fcnyada yedinciyiz\u201d dedi.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131r, pirin\u00e7 ve ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde istikrars\u0131z bir \u00fcretim yap\u0131ld\u0131, yani ya bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la e\u015fit veya daha az \u00fcretimler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Nohut, kuru fasulye, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 mercimek \u00fcretiminde ciddi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ya\u015fand\u0131. Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llara g\u00f6re \u00fcretim art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanan m\u0131s\u0131r, pirin\u00e7 ve ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi de ithalattan kendine d\u00fc\u015fen pay\u0131 ald\u0131. <\/p>\n Son 15 y\u0131lda toplam 189 milyar dolarl\u0131k tar\u0131msal hammadde ve g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ithalat\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kapsamda 50 milyon ton bu\u011fday, 23 milyon ton soya, 16 milyon ton m\u0131s\u0131r, 12 milyon ton pamuk, 9 milyon ton ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, 5 milyon ton pirin\u00e7 ithal edildi. Pamuk ithalat\u0131na 20, bu\u011fday ithalat\u0131na 13,7, soya ithalat\u0131na 10, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ithalat\u0131na 5, m\u0131s\u0131r ithalat\u0131na 4, pirin\u00e7 ithalat\u0131na 2,3 milyar dolar \u00f6dendi. <\/p>\n \u0130thalat\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131ndan bu yana 3,9 milyon b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f, 2,8 milyon koyun-ke\u00e7i olmak \u00fczere toplam 6,7 milyon ba\u015f canl\u0131 hayvan ve 275 bin ton k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 et ithal edildi. \u0130thalat i\u00e7in 7,1 milyar dolar \u00f6dendi. 1980’li y\u0131llarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 44,7 milyon n\u00fcfusumuza kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 81.4 milyon ba\u015f (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f) hayvan\u0131m\u0131z yani ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 1,8 ba\u015f hayvan d\u00fc\u015ferken g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm te\u015fviklere, ithalata ve al\u0131nan \u2018\u00f6nlem\u2019lere ra\u011fmen 68.067 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fckba\u015f ile ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen 0,8 ba\u015f hayvanla 40 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin \u00e7ok gerisindeyiz. <\/p>\n Derledi\u011fim ve sizlere sundu\u011fum bu veriler (TU\u0130K verileri, \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve ziraat m\u00fchendisi Dr. Necdet Oral\u2019\u0131n da verileri) g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin salg\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131na haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n As\u0131l kriz, \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lamayan \u00fcr\u00fcnler nedeniyle de\u011fil de her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn ton ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6denen dolar cinsinden bedeli artmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ithal edilmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lan m\u0131s\u0131r, ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, soya, pamuk gibi hatta bu\u011fday gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kurakl\u0131k, do\u011fal afetler veya \u015fimdi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle ihracat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z krizdir.<\/p>\n ”D\u00fcnya genelinde en fazla bu\u011fday ithal eden 3 \u00fclkeden biri T\u00fcrkiye”<\/strong><\/p>\n TMO taraf\u0131ndan son aylarda yap\u0131lan ekmeklik bu\u011fday ithalat\u0131nda bu\u011fday\u0131n tonuna 11 Mart 2020\u2019de 225 $, 27 Mart\u2019ta 249 $, 10 Nisan\u2019da 240 $ \u00f6dendi. ABD Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Nisan 2020 tarihli \u2018D\u00fcnya Pazarlar\u0131 ve Ticareti Raporu\u2019na g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye M\u0131s\u0131r ve Endonezya\u2019dan sonra en fazla bu\u011fday ithalat\u0131 yapan 3 \u00fclkeden biri. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile rapordaki veriler t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fclkemiz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00fcretiminde \u00e7ok yo\u011fun i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc gerektirmeyen temel \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde (bu\u011fday, m\u0131s\u0131r, \u00e7eltik vb.) hem stoklar hem de gelecek y\u0131lki \u00fcretimler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi bir sorunun, krizin ya\u015fanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Temel sorun \u00fclkemiz gibi ekonomisi \u00fcretimle de\u011fil de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan al\u0131nan bor\u00e7larla y\u00fcr\u00fcyen \u00fclkelerde \u00fcretemedi\u011fi durumlarda gereksinilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlere \u00f6denecek d\u00f6vizin bulunamamas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u00e7 piyasada ya\u015fanacak fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n pazara yans\u0131mas\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirlilerin, yoksullar\u0131n beslenme sorunlar\u0131 ile kar\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n Yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde patateste, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finde, m\u0131s\u0131rda ve bu\u011fdayda oldu\u011fu gibi son y\u0131llarda s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u015fvurulan bir y\u00f6ntem haline gelen hasat d\u00f6nemlerindeki ithalat izinleri \u00fcreticilerin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin tarlada kalmas\u0131na ve zarar etmelerine neden oluyor. Bu nedenle \u00fcreticiler \u00fcretimden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131r veya \u00fcretemez hale geliyor. Bu durumun koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 ile de ilgisi yoktur. Salg\u0131n sadece, politika haline getirilmi\u015f ithalat y\u00f6ntemiyle temin edilecek \u00fcr\u00fcnlere \u00e7ok daha fazla d\u00f6viz \u00f6dememize neden olacak. Ta ki y\u0131llard\u0131r savunulan ve m\u00fccadelesi verilen \u2018ithalata de\u011fil \u00fcretime ve \u00fclkemiz \u00fcreticisini destekleyen tar\u0131m politikalar\u0131\u2019 uygulan\u0131ncaya kadar.<\/p>\n Politeknik:<\/strong> Yeni mahs\u00fcl i\u00e7in ekime haz\u0131rlanma ve dikim zaman\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok \u00fcretici soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda. Tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7isi topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin ve mevsimlik i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015femiyor. Mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z. Bu ba\u011flamda tar\u0131mda i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilecek mi, kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmeli?<\/em> <\/p>\n Ertu\u011frul Aksoy: <\/strong>Temel ve her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da ciddi boyutlara ula\u015fan sorunlardan birisi de, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin; bar\u0131nd\u0131ran, besleyen ve kazand\u0131ran bir \u00fcretim olmaktan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle ya\u015fanan tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimden ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f ve sonucunda meydana gelen k\u0131rdan kente g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fcr. Tar\u0131m\u0131n istihdamdaki pay\u0131; ekonomik kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde sanayi, hizmet sekt\u00f6rlerindeki daralma sonucu tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak azald\u0131. Yani AKP iktidar\u0131n\u0131n uygulamakta oldu\u011fu yanl\u0131\u015f politikalar nedeniyle \u00e7ift\u00e7iler tar\u0131mdan koptu\/kopar\u0131ld\u0131\/kopar\u0131l\u0131yor. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda tar\u0131mdan ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayan \u00e7ift\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 7,5 milyon ki\u015fi iken, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda 4,5 milyon ki\u015fiye geriledi. Yani 3 milyon \u00e7ift\u00e7i tar\u0131mdan koptu. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda tar\u0131m\u0131n istihdamdaki pay\u0131 %34,9 iken, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda % 17,3’e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. <\/p>\n \u00dcretici say\u0131s\u0131ndaki azalmadan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun ise tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin k\u0131rsalda ya\u015fl\u0131lara kalmas\u0131, tar\u0131mdan kopu\u015fun gen\u00e7 n\u00fcfusta daha fazla olu\u015fudur. Bu ko\u015fullarda tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin gelece\u011fi; say\u0131lar\u0131 1 milyon 250 binden fazla olan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sosyal bir g\u00fcvenceye sahip olmayan, kaderleri el\u00e7ilere ve day\u0131ba\u015flar\u0131na terk edilmi\u015f mevsimlik\/ge\u00e7ici tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u00dclkemizde salg\u0131n\u0131n nispeten di\u011fer \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re daha ge\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin karantina \u00f6ncesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerine ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. 18 ya\u015f alt\u0131 gen\u00e7lere getirilen soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasa\u011f\u0131 ile illerde giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flara getirilen yasaklar\u0131n tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim b\u00f6lgelerinde yarataca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine mevsimlik fide, \u00e7apalama, budama, hasat vb. yo\u011fun i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc gerektiren tar\u0131msal i\u015flemler i\u00e7in mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerine ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131nd\u0131. Elde edilecek izinlerle i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma b\u00f6lgelerine gidi\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma problemleri a\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu izinlerin \u00f6ncesinde yo\u011fun i\u015f\u00e7ilik gerektirmeyen k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k ve yazl\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin mekanizasyona dayal\u0131 ekim i\u015flemleri salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesi tamamlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan i\u015f\u00e7ilik konusunda bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015fanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Ancak mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin bar\u0131nma, beslenme sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n, salg\u0131ndan korunmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6nlemleri gereken ciddiyette al\u0131nmad\u0131. Hem tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin hem de tarladan sofraya uzanan zincirde t\u00fcketicilerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler veya yap\u0131lacaklar hala belirsizdir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcvenceden yoksun mevsimlik tar\u0131m emek\u00e7ilerinin salg\u0131n nedeniyle hayati sorunlar\u0131 bulunuyor. \u0130zin ba\u015fvurusunda bulunan mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ileri ile k\u0131s\u0131tlama \u00f6ncesi \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131na ula\u015fanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131na COVID 19 testi yap\u0131lmal\u0131, yerle\u015fim, bar\u0131nma, beslenme ortamlar\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve ya\u015fanabilir standartlarda haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n sosyal g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131, bar\u0131nma, beslenme, sa\u011fl\u0131k, e\u011fitim ve sosyal ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k veya d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131k konular\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ya\u015famsal \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmedi\u011finde gelecek y\u0131llarda tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Girdi maliyetleri alt\u0131nda ezilen ve ciddi anlamda zarar eden \u00fcreticilerin bir de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcnden yoksun kalarak \u00fcretmez duruma gelmeleri, tar\u0131m\u0131n; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticilerin tamamen tasfiye oldu\u011fu tar\u0131m\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle \u015firketle\u015fmi\u015f bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acak.<\/p>\n Politeknik:<\/strong> T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ferken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hep y\u00fckseliyor. Bu y\u0131l da d\u00fcnya genelinde g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 %4 d\u00fc\u015ferken biz de %4 ve \u00fczeri y\u00fckseldi. Salg\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bizi ne bekliyor, g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 daha da y\u00fckselecek mi? <\/em><\/p>\n Ertu\u011frul Aksoy:<\/strong> G\u0131da \u00fcretiminde gereksinilen tar\u0131msal ham maddelerinde ge\u00e7mi\u015f senelere g\u00f6re s\u00fcrekli olarak fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. S\u00f6yle\u015fimizin daha \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde verdi\u011fimiz \u00f6rneklere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe oranla temel ham maddelerin fiyatlar\u0131nda ciddi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Bu durum arz ve talep dengesine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar ekonomik anlamda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131 \u00fclkelerin kendi \u00fcreticilerini destekleyerek, \u00fcretim maliyetlerinde s\u00fcbvansiyon uygulayarak \u00fcreticilerine \u00fcrettirdikleri fazla \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin arz\u0131nda, piyasa fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesinde k\u00fcresel tekel veya g\u00fc\u00e7 olmalar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Destekten, s\u00fcbvansiyondan yoksun girdi maliyetlerinin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi nedeniyle pahal\u0131 \u00fcretmek zorunda kalan yerli ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticiler k\u00fcresel \u00fcreticilerle rekabet edememektedir. Bu gibi \u00fclkelerde \u00fcreticiler \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00fcretim maliyetlerine veya alt\u0131nda bir fiyatla satmak zorunda kalarak zarar ediyor sonu\u00e7 olarak da \u00fcretimden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yorlar. <\/p>\n Bu durumu \u00fcreticileri mutlu etmeyen neredeyse \u00fcretim maliyetinde a\u00e7\u0131klanan (ger\u00e7ekte 2000 TL olmas\u0131 gereken) 1650 liral\u0131k bu\u011fday taban fiyat\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m. A\u00e7\u0131klanan taban fiyat baz al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerli \u00fcreticinin \u00fcretti\u011fi bu\u011fday\u0131n ton fiyat\u0131 233$. Polatl\u0131 Ticaret Borsas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 5 May\u0131s 2020 tarihli Piyasa Analiz B\u00fclteni\u2019ne g\u00f6re koronavir\u00fcs g\u00fcnlerinde bile Samsun ve Antalya limanlar\u0131ndaki Rusya men\u015feli ithal ekmeklik bu\u011fday\u0131n ton fiyat\u0131 233-245$. Bizim \u00fcreticimiz ise desteklenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu fiyatlarla \u00fcretimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcremez hale geliyor. TMO taraf\u0131ndan zaman zaman bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ithalata devam edildi\u011fi de dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu\u011fday \u00fcreticimizi yine zorlu g\u00fcnler bekliyor. <\/p>\n Sadece bu\u011fdayda de\u011fil m\u0131s\u0131r, pirin\u00e7 ve pamukta da \u00fcretim fiyatlar\u0131m\u0131z uluslararas\u0131 piyasa fiyatlar\u0131na ya yak\u0131n ya da \u00e7o\u011funlukla y\u00fcksektir. Ucuz ithalat ile \u00fcretici fiyatlar\u0131 bask\u0131lan\u0131yor, \u00e7ift\u00e7i zarar ettiriliyor, \u00fcretemez hale getiriliyor. <\/p>\n Politeknik:<\/strong> \u0130thalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir mi? Fiyatlar\u0131 dengelemek i\u00e7in ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler yok mu?<\/em> <\/p>\n Ertu\u011frul Aksoy:<\/strong> Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131; ithalata ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fal afetler, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma veya kurakl\u0131k nedeniyle tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimde ya\u015fanan darbo\u011faz\u0131 a\u015fmak i\u00e7in zorunlu durumlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00fclke tar\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00fcreticilerinin gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tar\u0131mda ithalat y\u00f6ntemine ba\u015fvurulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de \u00fclkemiz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda rahatl\u0131kla \u00fcretilebilecek temel ham maddelerin \u00fcretimi desteklenerek art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde kesinlikle ithalata dayal\u0131 bir politika uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum iki temel nedenle \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r, birincisi \u00fcreticilerin desteklenmesi ve \u00fcretimde kalmalar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, ikincisi ve en \u00f6nemlisi ise kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde parasal imkan olsa dahi \u00fcretim g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elinde bulunduran \u00fclkelerin getirdikleri ihracata d\u00f6n\u00fck k\u0131s\u0131tlardan etkilenmeden halk\u0131n g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011finin garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n \u00dcr\u00fcnlerde fiyatlar\u0131n dengelenmesi ise \u015fu iki ko\u015fulda sa\u011flan\u0131r:<\/p>\n i- Toplumun ve tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 sanayinin gereksindi\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin, \u00fcretim miktarlar\u0131n\u0131n ve fazlas\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesini sa\u011flayacak \u00fcretim planlamas\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131, <\/p>\n ii- Desteklenen, girdi maliyetlerini art\u0131ran verimi azaltan altyap\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n giderildi\u011fi, \u00fclke tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticileri, \u00fcretimi ve ihracat\u0131 \u00f6nceleyen bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131.<\/p>\n Politeknik:<\/strong> Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze tar\u0131mda kendi kendine yeten bir \u00fclkeden g\u0131da krizini tart\u0131\u015fan bir \u00fclkeye nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck? <\/em> <\/p>\n Ertu\u011frul Aksoy:<\/strong> Emekten, \u00fcretimden, \u00fcreticiden ve \u00fclke insan\u0131ndan yana bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmamas\u0131 ile mevcut duruma geldik.<\/p>\n i- Kamunun sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131n, \u00fcreticiye do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 olarak verilen desteklerin ya t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ya da a\u015fama a\u015fama kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131; \u00fcretim, maliyet ve pazar durumunu dikkate alarak \u00fcretimde ve girdi maliyetlerinde d\u00fczenleyici, destekleyici, s\u00fcbvanse edici rol oynayan Kamu \u0130ktisadi Kurulu\u015flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n; K\u0130T\u2019lerin (TZDK, EBK, T\u00dcGSA\u015e, YEMSAN, TEKEL, \u00c7ukobirlik vb.) kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yada \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilerek \u00fcreticinin yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/p>\n ii- Neoliberal politikalar sonucu s\u00fcrekli olarak artan girdi maliyetlerine ra\u011fmen de\u011fi\u015fmeyen veya sabit kalan \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131 nedeniyle bor\u00e7lanarak yoksulla\u015fan \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ya \u00fcretimden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ya da verim art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisi olan girdileri kullanmaktan, yat\u0131r\u0131mlardan vazge\u00e7me noktas\u0131na gelmesi,<\/p>\n iii- Bu politikalarla tar\u0131m arazilerinin bo\u015f kalmas\u0131, \u00fcreticilerin \u00fcretmez hale getirilmesi, yani ithalata dayal\u0131 tar\u0131m politikas\u0131, <\/p>\n tar\u0131mdaki \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn temelleridir.<\/p>\n Tar\u0131m ve \u00fcreticisinin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131, kooperatifle\u015fme ve kooperatiflerin g\u0131da sanayisinin ucuz tedarik\u00e7isi de\u011fil kamusal tar\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n orta\u011f\u0131 haline getirilmesi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. Politeknik:<\/strong> D\u00fcnya, 40 y\u0131ld\u0131r bir yeni bir salg\u0131nla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. HIV, Ebola, Mers, Sars, \u015fimdi de Sars-Co2 (Covid-19). Bilim insanlar\u0131; iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m i\u00e7in yeni tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, enerji ve madencilik i\u00e7in vah\u015fi do\u011fa alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahribi gibi etmenlerin salg\u0131nlardaki etkisini tart\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Do\u011fayla uyumlu, temiz ve g\u00fcvenli g\u0131day\u0131 \u00fcretecek, olas\u0131 ba\u015fka salg\u0131nlarda da bir g\u0131da krizinin ya\u015fanmayaca\u011f\u0131 bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc? Nas\u0131l bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var?<\/em><\/p>\n Ertu\u011frul Aksoy:<\/strong> Do\u011fa dostu, \u00e7evreyle uyumlu, g\u0131da krizlerinin ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek bir tar\u0131m politikas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. S\u00f6z konusu tar\u0131m politikas\u0131n\u0131n bana g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7 temel yakla\u015f\u0131ma dayanmas\u0131 gerekir: <\/p>\n i- Ba\u015fka canl\u0131lar\u0131n da ya\u015fam haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131, sadece beslenme amac\u0131yla daha az t\u00fcketime dayanan insan gereksinimleri oran\u0131nda yani ticarete konu olmayan bir tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim<\/p>\n ii- Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri sonucunda \u00fcretilen \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ve g\u0131dalar\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte adil ve e\u015fit payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n iii- Para kazanma veya rant elde etme h\u0131rs\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011fal hayata terk edilmesi gerekir iken do\u011fadan ve di\u011fer canl\u0131lardan \u00e7al\u0131narak tar\u0131msal \u00fcretime a\u00e7\u0131lan topraklar\u0131n, kullan\u0131larak kirletilen suyun, mera alanlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek i\u015flevlerine tekrar kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. <\/p>\n Koronavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131 ve mevcut politikalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnyay\u0131 getirdi\u011fi hal, yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan yakla\u015f\u0131mla tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimi uygulayabilece\u011fimizi veya uygulamam\u0131z gerekti\u011fini bir kez daha hat\u0131rlatt\u0131. <\/p>\n Koronavir\u00fcs veya daha ciddi bir vir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131yla, kurakl\u0131kla, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmayla, ta\u015fk\u0131nlar ve orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131yla yok olmayan bir d\u00fcnya, \u00fclke istiyorsak daha fazla ge\u00e7 kalmadan do\u011fan\u0131n bize de\u011fil bizim do\u011faya ait oldu\u011fumuzu kabullenmeliyiz. Do\u011fan\u0131n biz olmadan da var olabilece\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fine dayanan bir ya\u015fam kurmal\u0131y\u0131z. Gelece\u011fimiz bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada hakim olmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Koronavir\u00fcs g\u00fcnlerinde salg\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli g\u00fcndemi. Halk bir yanda…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33289,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1991,4729],"tags":[5124,5044,5121,3712,5123,5122],"class_list":{"0":"post-33288","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-yazilar","8":"category-tarim-yazilar","9":"tag-ertugrul-aksoy","10":"tag-koronavirus","11":"tag-koronavirus-tarim","12":"tag-manset","13":"tag-tarimda-kriz","14":"tag-tarimsal-uretim"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33288","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33288"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33288\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33288"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33288"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33288"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/tarim-bugday-hasat-_1.jpg\")
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