{"id":3353,"date":"2011-08-17T15:30:58","date_gmt":"2011-08-17T12:30:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3353"},"modified":"2013-11-07T16:34:25","modified_gmt":"2013-11-07T13:34:25","slug":"spo-turkiye-kentleri-kitle-imha-aracina-donusuyor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/spo-turkiye-kentleri-kitle-imha-aracina-donusuyor\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015ePO: &#8220;T\u00fcrkiye Kentleri &#8216;Kitle \u0130mha Arac\u0131&#8217;na D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>G\u00f6lc\u00fck Depremi\u2018nin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 17 A\u011fustos 1999 tarihinden bu yana ge\u00e7en 12 y\u0131lda, kentlerimizin ya\u015fanacak olas\u0131 deprem ve di\u011fer olas\u0131 afetlerden korunmas\u0131 konusunda somut ve etkili ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, kaderci bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u00e7aresiz bi\u00e7imde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bekleyen milyonlarca insan\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div> <\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana her f\u0131rsatta bu ger\u00e7e\u011fe dikkat \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi halde yap\u0131lmayanlar ve at\u0131lan yanl\u0131\u015f ad\u0131mlar konusunda yetkililerin, sorumlular\u0131n ve olas\u0131 bir depremde zarar g\u00f6recek toplum kesimlerinin konuya dikkatini \u00e7ekmek amac\u0131yla &#8220;fay hatlar\u0131 pay hatlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor&#8221; uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan TMMOB \u015eehir Planc\u0131lar\u0131 Odas\u0131\u2018n\u0131n uyar\u0131lar\u0131 ne yaz\u0131k ki dikkate al\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Her ge\u00e7en y\u0131l risk ta\u015f\u0131yan alanlarda var olan yap\u0131la\u015fmalara yenileri eklenmekte, kentlerimizde var olan risk havuzlar\u0131 geni\u015flemekte, fay hatlar\u0131 daralt\u0131lmakta, kayd\u0131r\u0131lmakta, ba\u015f\u0131na gelecek olas\u0131 bir felaketi &#8220;kader&#8221; diyerek sessizce bekleyen milyonlara yenileri eklenmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Y\u0131llard\u0131r konunun uzmanlar\u0131 ve Odam\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan dile getirilen, dikkat \u00e7ekilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bu \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl, umursamaz tav\u0131r ve olas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, son y\u0131llarda daha farkl\u0131 kesimler taraf\u0131ndan da dile getirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>&#8220;T\u00fcrkiye kentleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en etkili kitle imha ara\u00e7lar\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221;<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u0130stanbul\u2018da ya\u015fayan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2018de ya\u015fananlar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan izleme olana\u011f\u0131na sahip olan, \u00fclkemizin olas\u0131 bir depreme kar\u015f\u0131 duyars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kadercili\u011finden yak\u0131nan ve \u00fclkemizin &#8220;sismik riskle Rus ruleti&#8221; oynayan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten ABD\u2018li gazeteci Claire Berlinski\u2018nin de dile getirdi\u011fi gibi; T\u00fcrkiye kentleri ta\u015f\u0131makta oldu\u011fu risklerle, &#8220;g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn en etkili kitle imha ara\u00e7lar\u0131&#8221; aras\u0131nda say\u0131lacak duruma gelmektedir.\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen risk havuzlar\u0131na sahip kentleri nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin risk azaltma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck gereksinmesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Denetimsiz ve planlama disiplininden uzak bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla kentle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen risk havuzlar\u0131na sahip kentleri ile risk azaltma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na en b\u00fcy\u00fck gereksinmesi olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, do\u011fru kavray\u0131\u015f, kurumla\u015fma ve uygulamalar bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015fememektedir. T\u00fcrkiye, konu ile ilgili uluslararas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara, protokollere kat\u0131lmakta ancak bunlar\u0131n gereklerini yerine getirmemekte istikrarl\u0131 olarak direnmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Son y\u0131llarda sorunun mucizevi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc gibi sunulan, ancak aslen kentsel toprak rantlar\u0131n\u0131n yanda\u015f kesimlere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmakta olan \u2018kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projeleri\u2018, deprem korkusu da kullan\u0131larak topluma dayat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bug\u00fcn kentlerimizde deprem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck risk ta\u015f\u0131yan ancak piyasa mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7inde y\u00fcksek rant getirisi vaat etmeyen alanlara y\u00f6nelik hi\u00e7bir giri\u015fim g\u00fcndeme getirilmezken, rant\u0131 y\u00fckselen kentsel b\u00f6lgelerde yanda\u015f konut firmalar\u0131n\u0131n &#8220;hayal ettiklerini olduran&#8221; tasfiyeci giri\u015fimler vah\u015fi bi\u00e7imde dayat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ankara \u00f6rneklerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, hi\u00e7bir yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, &#8220;karar \u00f6ncesi el de\u011fi\u015ftirmeleri merak uyand\u0131ran&#8221; bo\u015f tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131, a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lacak alanlar, ye\u015fil alanlar kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm alan\u0131 ilan edilerek, kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kavram\u0131 kirletilmektedir. \u00a0\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>12 y\u0131l sonunda ortaya konulan tek somut \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olan &#8220;Ulusal Deprem Stratejisi ve Eylem Plan\u0131&#8221; \u00fclkemiz kentleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmekten uzakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan ve bug\u00fcnlerde kamuoyu ile payla\u015f\u0131lacak olan &#8220;Ulusal Deprem Stratejisi ve Eylem Plan\u0131&#8221; ge\u00e7en 12 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olumlu ad\u0131mlardan biri olsa da \u00fclkemiz kentleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmekten uzakt\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ulusal Deprem Stratejisi ve Eylem Plan\u0131, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen, \u2018afet \u00f6ncesi risk azaltma\u2018 stratejisine dayal\u0131 yeni politikalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler 1990-2000 on y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 \u2018Do\u011fal Afetleri Azaltma On y\u0131l\u0131\u2018 ilan etmi\u015f, bu s\u0131rada Yokohama Konferans\u0131n\u0131 (1994) d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, bu alanda \u2018Afet Azaltma Uluslararas\u0131 Stratejisi\u2018 ile bir yeni organ olu\u015fturmu\u015f, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Kobe Konferans\u0131\u2018nda 2005-2015 on y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir eylem d\u00f6nemi olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Yeni politika, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve eylemi yaln\u0131zca afet sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 b\u0131rakmay\u0131p, t\u00fcm etkinlikleri afet \u00f6ncesine d\u00f6nd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, her \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki planlarda risklerin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve risklerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 karar alma ilkesini tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f, kentsel alanlar\u0131n ve dar gelirli kesimlerin risklerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Risk azaltma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yerel d\u00fczeyde ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6ren Incheon Konferans\u0131 (G. Kore, 2009) ve Bildirgesi, risk azaltma giderlerini piyasac\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u2018maliyet\u2018 olarak de\u011fil, kamusal bir anlay\u0131\u015fla \u2018yat\u0131r\u0131m\u2018 olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Uluslararas\u0131 kentsel risk azaltma \u00e7abalar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli politika uygulama alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcp, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerle\u015fme birimlerinde bile kapsaml\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerle \u00f6zendirilip uygulan\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2018de afetler politikas\u0131, \u00fczerinde konu\u015fulamayan, adeta sans\u00fcr uygulanan bir konu haline getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ulusal Deprem Stratejisi ve Eylem Plan\u0131, ne yaz\u0131k ki afet sonras\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir ekibin, yeni politikada da egemen olma, yetkilerini konsolide etme \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak yer bilimcileri ve m\u00fchendislerden olu\u015fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131nda \u2018strateji plan\u0131\u2018 haz\u0131rlama yetkinli\u011fine sahip \u015fehir planc\u0131lar\u0131 ve sosyal bilimciler d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, uluslararas\u0131 yeni politikan\u0131n \u00f6ncelik verdi\u011fi, afet \u00f6ncesi \u2018risk azaltma\u2018 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u2018kentsel riskler\u2018 konular\u0131nda \u015fehir planc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birincil rolleri g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015f, yeni politikan\u0131n getirdi\u011fi kavram, anlay\u0131\u015f ve ilkelerden yoksun bir strateji belgesi ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00a0<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Bu yan\u0131yla Ulusal Deprem Stratejisi ve Eylem Plan\u0131, kentsel g\u00fcvenli\u011fin yaln\u0131zca sa\u011flam yap\u0131 elde etmekten ibaret oldu\u011funu varsayan bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 sergilerken, en az bu derecede \u00f6nemli olan di\u011fer \u2018kentsel riskler\u2018 g\u00f6rmezden gelinmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye\u2018de deprem konusunda son 12 y\u0131lda tercih edilen politikalar ve sergilenen yakla\u015f\u0131m, yoksul kesimleri kaderlerine terk ederken, &#8220;paras\u0131 olan korunur&#8221; ilkesinin yerle\u015fmesine neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>T\u00fcrkiye\u2018de ekonomik geli\u015fme ile &#8220;toplum zenginle\u015ftik\u00e7e bu sorun kendili\u011finden \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr&#8221; g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc savunan kimi yakla\u015f\u0131m sahiplerinin bu tavr\u0131 \u2018riskleri \u015fimdilik unutturmak\u2018 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. \u0130\u015fleri piyasaya b\u0131rakma yanl\u0131s\u0131 olan bu anlay\u0131\u015f birka\u00e7 yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131 birden i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u00d6ncelikle bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, kentlerde sismik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca yap\u0131 birimleri cinsinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte, bunun da ancak belirli bir meslek grubu taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanabilece\u011fini varsaymaktad\u0131r. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, toplumu d\u0131\u015flamakta, g\u00fcvenlik konusunun \u00f6zellikle kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 ilkesini tan\u0131mamakta, toplumu yaln\u0131zca m\u00fc\u015fteri olarak g\u00f6rmektedir.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Di\u011fer yandan can g\u00fcvenli\u011finin bir kamu g\u00f6revi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek, &#8220;talep varsa g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemi al\u0131n\u0131r&#8221; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini savunan bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n tek bir sonucundan s\u00f6z etmek olanakl\u0131d\u0131r; &#8220;paras\u0131 olan korunur.&#8221;<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>12 y\u0131l \u00f6nce deprem ger\u00e7e\u011fini ac\u0131 bir deneyimle g\u00fcndeminin ilk s\u0131ras\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yan T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn bu ger\u00e7ekten biraz daha uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, deprem ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131n unutturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcz\u00fclerek g\u00f6zlemliyoruz.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Deprem ger\u00e7e\u011fini bir an bile akl\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmamas\u0131 gereken T\u00fcrkiye\u2018nin, bu alandaki yasal d\u00fczenlemelerini, kurumla\u015fma bi\u00e7imini ve yetkili meslek gruplar\u0131n\u0131, merkezde ve yerelde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenleri yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesinin ve g\u00fcn ge\u00e7irmeden somut ad\u0131m atmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yoruz.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>17 A\u011fustos\u2018u unutmad\u0131k, unutmayaca\u011f\u0131z, unutturmayaca\u011f\u0131z&#8230;<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Necati Uyar<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><strong>TMMOB \u015eehir Planc\u0131lar\u0131 Odas\u0131 Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"G\u00f6lc\u00fck Depremi\u2018nin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 17 A\u011fustos 1999 tarihinden bu yana ge\u00e7en 12 y\u0131lda, kentlerimizin ya\u015fanacak olas\u0131 deprem ve di\u011fer olas\u0131 afetlerden korunmas\u0131 konusunda somut ve etkili ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, kaderci bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla \u00e7aresiz bi\u00e7imde \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bekleyen milyonlarca insan\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6rmezden gelinmi\u015ftir.\n\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2010],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3353","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-basin-aciklamalari"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3353"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3353\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}