{"id":33587,"date":"2020-08-17T14:51:39","date_gmt":"2020-08-17T11:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=33587"},"modified":"2020-08-17T15:59:35","modified_gmt":"2020-08-17T12:59:35","slug":"17-agustos-1999-marmara-depremi-21-yil-sonra-ayni-yerde-olmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/17-agustos-1999-marmara-depremi-21-yil-sonra-ayni-yerde-olmak\/","title":{"rendered":"17 A\u011fustos 1999 Marmara Depremi: 21 y\u0131l sonra ayn\u0131 yerde olmak"},"content":{"rendered":"

17 A\u011fustos 1999 Marmara Depremi’nin \u00fczerinden 21 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7se de \u00fclkenin varl\u0131klar\u0131, halk\u0131n paras\u0131 deprem g\u00fcvenli kentler i\u00e7in de\u011fil, iktidar\u0131n ve destek\u00e7isi in\u015faat sermayesinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 i\u00e7in harcand\u0131. Halka ise deprem kuvvetlerine dahi maruz kalmadan y\u0131k\u0131lan yap\u0131lar, ya\u011fmalanan kamu arazileri, AVM’le\u015fen, betonla\u015fan kentler kald\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kocaeli\/G\u00f6lc\u00fck merkezli 17 A\u011fustos 1999 Marmara Depremi\u2019nde TBMM verilerine g\u00f6re 96 bin 796 konut ve 15 bin 939 i\u015fyeri y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131 ya da a\u011f\u0131r hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc, 17.480 ki\u015fi hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc aktif deprem ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131ndaki yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00fclkede binlerce insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi Marmara Depremi’nin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en 21 y\u0131lda AKP iktidar\u0131 deprem g\u00fcvenli kentler i\u00e7in ad\u0131m atmad\u0131. <\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lar\u0131n deprem ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak tasarlanmas\u0131, in\u015fa edilmesi sa\u011flanmad\u0131. Yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesinin temel planlama ilkeleri gere\u011fince belirlenmesi, bar\u0131nma ya da ba\u015fka bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir yap\u0131lar\u0131n bilimsel verilere sad\u0131k kal\u0131narak \u00fcretilmesi, denetlenmesi sa\u011flanmad\u0131. AKP iktidar\u0131 i\u00e7in deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve halk\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 de\u011fil, se\u00e7imlerdeki bekas\u0131, yanda\u015f \u015firketlerin, in\u015faat patronlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 \u00f6n plandayd\u0131. <\/p>\n

Deprem nedir, nas\u0131l zarar verir, Marmara Depremi’nden bu yana neler ya\u015fand\u0131, neler yap\u0131ld\u0131, neler yap\u0131lmad\u0131, ba\u015fl\u0131klarla s\u0131ralayal\u0131m.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l bir co\u011frafyada ya\u015f\u0131yoruz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2018 verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 92’si deprem tehlikesi alt\u0131nda; y\u00fczde 66\u2019s\u0131 ise birinci ve ikinci derecede tehlikeli deprem b\u00f6lgesinde yer al\u0131yor. N\u00fcfusu 1 milyonun \u00fczerinde bulunan 11 b\u00fcy\u00fck kent ve n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 70\u2019i deprem tehlikesi alt\u0131nda bulunuyor. B\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi tesislerinin y\u00fczde 75\u2019i de deprem tehlikesi alt\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n zeminleri nas\u0131l?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zemin, \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Zeminin fiziksel \u00f6zellikleri yap\u0131lara etkisi sebebiyle g\u00fcvenli\u011fi do\u011frudan etkiler. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren y\u00f6netmeliklere kadar zemin ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in zorunlu tutulmuyordu. Bu tarihten \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan \u00e7ok say\u0131da yap\u0131, zemin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmadan in\u015fa edildi. <\/p>\n

Zemin-deprem aras\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ili\u015fkiye ra\u011fmen Toplu Konut \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (TOK\u0130) bir\u00e7ok ilde zemin yap\u0131s\u0131na bakmaks\u0131z\u0131n toplu konutlar yapt\u0131. 1999 G\u00f6lc\u00fck Depremi\u2019nde en fazla binan\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2 bine yak\u0131n insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi nedeniyle ad\u0131na \u2018\u00f6l\u00fcm ovas\u0131\u2019 da denilen Hac\u0131 Mehmet Ovas\u0131\u2019na TOK\u0130 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda 2 kat imar izni varken 4 katl\u0131 konutlar in\u015fa etti. Samsun, Denizli, Yalova, Bursa deprem s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fma riski ta\u015f\u0131yan dere yataklar\u0131 ve dolgu alanlara TOK\u0130 \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde yap\u0131la\u015fma izni verildi. Ayn\u0131 riskin bulundu\u011fu \u0130stanbul Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y-Atak\u00f6y sahili, Kartal, Pendik sahili 18 y\u0131ll\u0131k AKP iktidar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek katl\u0131 yap\u0131larla dolduruldu. Maltepe ve Yenikap\u0131\u2019da y\u00fczbinlerce metrekarelik dolgu alanlar in\u015fa edildi.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131 stoku ne durumda?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 2018 verilerine g\u00f6re \u00fclkedeki 20 milyon yap\u0131n\u0131n 7 milyonu g\u00fcvenli de\u011fil. Bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n 2 milyonu \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunuyor. \u0130BB\u2019nin yeni y\u00f6netimi 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 deprem plan\u0131nda 48 bin yap\u0131n\u0131n acilen y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, 200 bin hanenin bulundu\u011fu bu yap\u0131lar\u0131n 7 ve \u00fczeri depremde ayakta kalamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Teknik G\u00fc\u00e7 Dergisi\u2019nin Nisan 2019 say\u0131s\u0131nda yap\u0131 sto\u011fu \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla hasar ve mali kay\u0131p analizleri yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2000 sonras\u0131 in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar\u0131n ortalama %17\u2019sinin orta ve a\u011f\u0131r hasar alaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. 2000 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon 200 bin yap\u0131 konusunda ise sadece tahminler yap\u0131labiliyor, AFAD ve \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bilimsel bir verisi bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

Deprem y\u00fck\u00fc olmadan y\u0131k\u0131lan yap\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lar deprem ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ayakta kalmak zorunda iken \u00fclkedeki vaziyet deprem olmaks\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131lar\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bar\u0131nma g\u00fcvenli\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rneklere \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Konya merkez Kerk\u00fck Caddesi\u2019nde 11 katl\u0131 betonarme yap\u0131 Z\u00fcmr\u00fct Apartman\u0131 2 \u015eubat 2004 tarihinde d\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fcklerini yani mevcut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yamamas\u0131 sebebiyle \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve 92 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. \u0130ncelemelerde binan\u0131n beton kalitesinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 sistemin uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

6 \u015eubat 2019\u2019da \u0130stanbul Kartal\u2018da Ye\u015filyurt Apartman\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc ve 21 ki\u015fi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Yap\u0131n\u0131n 2 kat\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7ak oldu\u011fu, imar aff\u0131 ile birlikte yap\u0131 kullan\u0131m izni ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 denetimden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan yap\u0131n\u0131n mevcut y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131yamamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcr\u00fck yap\u0131lar affedildi: \u0130mar Aff\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yap\u0131 stokunun deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan niteli\u011fi bilinmesine ra\u011fmen iktidar 2018 se\u00e7imleri \u00f6ncesinde imar aff\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Yasa, 10 May\u0131s 2018\u2019de \u201cVergi ve Di\u011fer Baz\u0131 Alacaklar\u0131n Yeniden Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun\u2019 ismiyle ge\u00e7ti. <\/p>\n

2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakan\u0131 Mehmet \u00d6zhaseki\u2019nin bahsetti\u011fi \u20186-7 milyon binan\u0131n yenilenmesi, sa\u011flam hale gelmesi gerekli.\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndaki yap\u0131lar\u0131n tamam\u0131 para \u00f6demek ve sahibinin \u2018yap\u0131m sa\u011flam\u2019 beyan\u0131 yeterli sa\u011flanarak affedildi. Deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda kamu denetiminden ge\u00e7meyen, teknik \u015fartlar\u0131 sa\u011flamayan ve milyonlarca insan\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yap\u0131lar olas\u0131 bir depremde \u00e7\u00f6kme riski ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

D\u00fczenleme ile birlikte imar planlar\u0131na uymayan yap\u0131lar, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerde yap\u0131la\u015fma kurallar\u0131n\u0131 yok sayan, hakk\u0131nda mahkeme kararlar\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen in\u015fa edilen rezidans, AVM, l\u00fcks konut projeleri, m\u00fchendislik hizmeti almadan yap\u0131lan yap\u0131lar da \u2018affedildi\u2019. Bir yasa daha deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fini, halk\u0131n ya\u015fam g\u00fcvenli\u011fini de\u011fil, in\u015faat sermayesinin, iktidar\u0131n ve yanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 i\u00e7in hayata ge\u00e7irildi.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131 Denetim Yasas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marmara Depremi sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lar\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131na dair baz\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131ld\u0131, y\u00f6netmelikler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda 4708 Say\u0131l\u0131 Yap\u0131 Denetimi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun geliyor. Ancak yap\u0131 in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan Yap\u0131 Denetim Kanunu yeni bir denetimsizlik alan\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Yasayla m\u00fcteahhitlerce finanse edilen \u00f6zel yap\u0131 denetim \u015firketlerine \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini denetleme yetkisi verildi. <\/p>\n

Yap\u0131 Denetim Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yetersizli\u011fi ve yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekti\u011fi y\u0131llarca \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131, Elektrik M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131, Harita ve Kadastro M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 gibi \u00fcyeleri yap\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bilgi ve donan\u0131m sahibi olan pek \u00e7ok meslek odas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dile getirildi. Yap\u0131 denetim y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, 99 Marmara Depremi\u2019nden 20 y\u0131l sonra ve milyonlarca yap\u0131 bu ko\u015fullarda in\u015fa edildikten sonra 1 Ocak 2019’da de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Yap\u0131 denetim \u015firketleri art\u0131k Bakanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan atanacak.<\/p>\n

Deprem vergileri \u015fov projelerine harcand\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Marmara Depremi sonras\u0131nda deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in Do\u011fal Afet Sigortalar\u0131 Kurumu (DASK) kuruldu. Deprem sonras\u0131 yaralar\u0131n sar\u0131lmas\u0131, bar\u0131nma, sa\u011fl\u0131k vb. ya\u015famsal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in deprem vergileri (\u00f6zel ileti\u015fim vergisi ve \u00f6zel i\u015flem vergisi ve ek vergiler) getirildi. Deprem haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda halktan toplanan paralar iktidar\u0131n \u015fov projelerine harcand\u0131. 61. AKP H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Maliye Bakan\u0131 Mehmet \u015eimsek 2011 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Van Depremi’nin ard\u0131ndan deprem vergisi birikimlerinin duble yollara harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itiraf etti. <\/p>\n

Afet Yasas\u0131 ranta hizmet etti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan yap\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli hale gelece\u011fi iddia edilerek \u201ckentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclke genelinde kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki yasal engelleri kald\u0131rmak ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rmak \u00fczere 6306 Say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Riski Alt\u0131ndaki Alanlar\u0131n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi Hakk\u0131nda Kanun (Afet Yasas\u0131) \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Afet Yasas\u0131, uygun zeminde in\u015fa edilmeyen ve depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan yap\u0131lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmad\u0131. Afet Yasas\u0131 deprem g\u00fcvenli kentler in\u015fa etmek ve halk\u0131n bar\u0131nma g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak \u00fczere hayata ge\u00e7irilmedi. Afet Yasas\u0131 ile \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na, belirledi\u011fi riskli alanlarda ve \u2018yap\u0131la\u015fma potansiyeli var\u2019 olarak tan\u0131mlanan rezerv alanlarda diledi\u011fince planlama ve imara a\u00e7ma yetkisi verildi.<\/p>\n

Bakanl\u0131k yasaya dayanarak kentin merkezinde emlak de\u011feri y\u00fcksek ya da ana ula\u015f\u0131m aks\u0131nda bulunan yap\u0131lar\u0131 ya da yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201criskli\u201d ilan etti. <\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul Tarlaba\u015f\u0131, Sulukule, Fikirtepe; Ankara Dikmen, Mamak; \u0130zmir Karaba\u011flar; Kocaeli Gebze, Afet Yasas\u0131 ile riskli ilan edildi. <\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, \u0130stanbul\u2019un eski surlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan ve 500 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir mahalle olan Sulukule\u2019de halk kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle 45 km \u00f6tedeki bir yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgesine, Ta\u015foluk TOK\u0130 konutlar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Sulukule halk\u0131 yerle\u015ftirildikleri sosyal konutlar i\u00e7in bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok aile \u00f6demeleri yapamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in oradan da ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131. Sulukule\u2019ye ise milyon dolarl\u0131k l\u00fcks konutlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u015eimdi ayn\u0131 s\u00fcreci Fikirtepe ya\u015f\u0131yor.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Acil Durum Planlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmad\u0131, kentler haz\u0131rlanmad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Depremlere kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli kentler yaratmak deprem sonras\u0131 ya\u015fam g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 da planlamakt\u0131r. Deprem ve benzeri acil durumlar i\u00e7in Acil Durum Planlar\u0131\u2019na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Deprem sonras\u0131 ya\u015fam g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, insanlarla birlikte t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k, su, yemek, bar\u0131nma gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sistematik bir \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131; bina, sokak, il\u00e7e, il ve \u00fclke \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 Acil Durum Planlar\u0131\u2019yla yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

AKP iktidar\u0131 Marmara Depremi sonras\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u0131llarda \u0130stanbul i\u00e7in Acil Durum-Eylem Plan\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131p hayata ge\u00e7irmedi. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l ya\u015fanan \u0130stanbul depremleri sonras\u0131 kitlenen ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131, olu\u015fan trafik, nereye gidece\u011fini, nerede toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeyen \u0130stanbullular bunun en net g\u00f6stergesi.<\/p>\n

Acil toplanma alanlar\u0131 AVM’lere ’emanet’<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131nda, deprem sonras\u0131 bir araya gelinecek, ge\u00e7ici\/s\u00fcreli toplan\u0131lacak, bar\u0131nma, beslenme, sa\u011fl\u0131k gibi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktalar bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu noktalara acil toplanma alanlar\u0131 denir. Kent merkezlerindeki kamusal acil toplanma alanlar\u0131 h\u0131zla imara yani yap\u0131la\u015fmaya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Acil durum alanlar\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonlar\u0131 yok edildi, ticari alana yani AVM’lere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu durum, depremden sa\u011f kurtulunsa dahi ya\u015fam g\u00fcvenli\u011finin devam ettirilemeyece\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.
\n\u0130BB’nin yeni y\u00f6netimi acil durum toplanma alanlar\u0131n\u0131 yak\u0131n zamanda ilan etti.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131n varl\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u00e7\u0131l\u0131yor: Deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi yerine mega y\u0131k\u0131m projeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ya\u015fanan ac\u0131lara, kay\u0131plara ve y\u0131k\u0131mlara ra\u011fmen kamu varl\u0131klar\u0131 deprem g\u00fcvenli kentler yaratmak yerine do\u011faya, ormanlara, su havzalar\u0131na, ya\u015fama zarar veren mega projelere aktar\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n

\u00dclke varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131klar\u0131 ve Saray rejimini temsil eden 21 mega projenin toplam mali b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 138 milyar dolar. Kamu bankalar\u0131ndan yanda\u015f \u015firketleri finanse ettikleri ve kredi sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 bu projeleri Halkbank \u2018gururla\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. \u0130stanbul\u2019daki 3. K\u00f6pr\u00fc, Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, 3. Havaliman\u0131, Kocaeli s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Osmangazi K\u00f6rfez Ge\u00e7is K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu projelerin toplam maliyeti ile deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi olmayan yap\u0131lar yenilenebilirdi. \u0130stanbul\u2019da ortalama 80-100 m2 \u2018lik 600-700 bin riskli konut yenilenebilir, rehabilite edilebilir, g\u00fcvenli hale getirilebilir.<\/p>\n

Kanal \u0130stanbul’a de\u011fil depreme b\u00fct\u00e7e<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mega projelere harcanan kaynaklarla deprem g\u00fcvenli kentler kurulabilirdi. 17 A\u011fustos 99\u2019 Depremi\u2019nden bug\u00fcne Marmara\u2019da deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mega projelerle orman alanlar\u0131, su havzalar\u0131 yok edilerek susuzluk, hava kirlili\u011fi, ekolojik y\u0131k\u0131m gibi yeni felaketlere zemin haz\u0131rland\u0131. \u015eimdi \u0130stanbul’da g\u00fcndeme getirilen Kanal \u0130stanbul projesi i\u00e7in ilan ettikleri b\u00fct\u00e7e 15 milyar dolar. <\/p>\n

Deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda iktidara geldi\u011fi g\u00fcnden beri ad\u0131m atmayan iktidar, kenti rehabilite edecek bir b\u00fct\u00e7eyi in\u015faat sermayesine aktaracak. <\/p>\n

\u0130BB verilerine g\u00f6re 200 bin ki\u015finin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hanenin olas\u0131 bir depremde yerle bir olmas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi varken, Kanal \u0130stanbul projesi kapsam\u0131nda \u0130BB’ye y\u00fcklenen fatura yakla\u015f\u0131k 45 milyar TL. \u0130htiya\u00e7 olmayan bir proje ile \u0130stanbul halk\u0131n\u0131n paras\u0131na, gelece\u011fine, g\u00fcvenli bir kentte ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na g\u00f6z dikmi\u015f durumdalar.
\n\"\"<\/p>\n

Al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken acil \u00f6nlemler<\/strong><\/p>\n

Depreme kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n

6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Yasas\u0131 iptal edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u0130mar Aff\u0131 iptal edilmeli, deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131mayan yap\u0131lar tespit edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lar\u0131n ve kentlerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili d\u00fczenlenen yasa ve y\u00f6netmelikler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle halk\u0131n ya\u015fam g\u00fcvenli\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131, kamusal denetimlerle yasa ve y\u00f6netmeliklere uygun planlanmas\u0131, projelendirilmesi ve in\u015fa edilmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kamu kaynaklar\u0131, mega \u00f6l\u00e7ekli projeler yerine bar\u0131nma hakk\u0131 esas al\u0131narak \u00fclke genelindeki yap\u0131 sto\u011funun iyile\u015ftirilmesi, rehabilite edilmesine aktar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek her t\u00fcrl\u00fc y\u0131k\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 kamusal Acil Durum Planlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Acil toplanma alanlar\u0131 korunmal\u0131, yok edilen alanlar yeniden kamuya kazand\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak ya\u015famsal \u00f6neme sahip hastaneler, okullar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, viyad\u00fckler, dolum tesisleri, rafineriler vb. yap\u0131lar depreme kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvenli hale getirilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Herkese deprem an\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenlerin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cTemel Afet Bilinci E\u011fitimi\u201d verilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Deprem g\u00fcvenli kentlerin planlanmas\u0131na \u00fcniversiteler, bilim insanlar\u0131, emek ve meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri m\u00fcdahil olmal\u0131, halk toplant\u0131lar\u0131yla demokratik bir i\u015fleyi\u015f hedeflenmelidir.<\/p>\n

politeknik.org.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"17 A\u011fustos 1999 Marmara Depremi’nin \u00fczerinden 21 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7se…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4703],"tags":[1579,224,5175,3712],"class_list":{"0":"post-33587","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-haberler","8":"category-kent-ve-doga","9":"tag-17-agustos","10":"tag-17-agustos-depremi","11":"tag-99-marmara-depremi","12":"tag-manset"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33587","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33587"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33587\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}