{"id":33730,"date":"2020-10-13T14:01:54","date_gmt":"2020-10-13T11:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/?p=33730"},"modified":"2020-10-13T14:01:54","modified_gmt":"2020-10-13T11:01:54","slug":"baskan-ve-milli-oligarklari-bahadir-ozgur-gazete-duvar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/baskan-ve-milli-oligarklari-bahadir-ozgur-gazete-duvar\/","title":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fkan ve milli oligarklar\u0131 – Bahad\u0131r \u00d6zg\u00fcr (Gazete Duvar)"},"content":{"rendered":"

9.990.632.770 liral\u0131k demiryolu hatt\u0131 ihalesi alan Kalyon \u0130n\u015faat\u2019a, 9.449.995.833 liral\u0131k vergi te\u015fviki sa\u011fland\u0131! (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Neredeyse kuru\u015funa kadar ayn\u0131 rakamlar, h\u00fck\u00fcmete yak\u0131n bir sermaye grubuna yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yeni bir iltimas\u0131n \u00f6tesinde anlam ta\u015f\u0131yor sanki. Sadece kay\u0131rmac\u0131l\u0131kla, yolsuzluk veya israfla izah edilemeyecek t\u00fcrden yeni bir \u201csiyasi hali\u201d tecr\u00fcbe ediyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en haftaya damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran Kalyon haberinden yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ay evvel d\u00fczenlenen tuhaf bir seremoniye gidelim \u00f6nce.<\/p>\n

19 Eyl\u00fcl 2020 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu\u2019nun yeni etab\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f t\u00f6reni\u2026 Dev ekranda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan var; ekran\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6rkemli podyumda ise bir \u00f6rnek dizilmi\u015f Cengiz-Limak-Kalyon\u2019un sahipleri. \u201cAd\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fim kendini i\u015faret buyursun\u201d diyor, Erdo\u011fan. Anonsu duyan bir ad\u0131m ileri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor; sa\u011f elinin ayas\u0131 \u00f6ne a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde, kolunu havaya kald\u0131r\u0131yor, ard\u0131ndan kalbine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp dev ekran\u0131 selaml\u0131yor. Cemal Kalyoncu, ortaklar\u0131 ad\u0131na minnetlerini sunuyor: \u201cZat-\u0131 devletiniz sayesinde\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Pandemi ve kriz nedeniyle millet can\u0131 burnunda dola\u015f\u0131rken, her g\u00fcn milyarl\u0131k ihalelerin ayn\u0131 adreslere gitti\u011fi bir zamanda; bedduan\u0131n, yolsuzluk ithamlar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131ndaki in\u015faat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 podyuma \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p meydan okur gibi isim isim te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmenin manas\u0131 nedir? Kalyon, Cengiz, Limak\u2019a verilen ihaleler oyu mu art\u0131r\u0131yor; ekonomiyi b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcp, dolar\u0131, faizi mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcyor?<\/p>\n

\u0130la\u00e7 \u00f6demelerine para bulunamazken k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin, yollar\u0131n dolarl\u0131 garantilerinin aksamamas\u0131n\u0131n veya kriz, afet, vir\u00fcs dinlemeden ihale istikrar\u0131n\u0131n bir sebebi olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kamu ihalelerini kapsayan verilerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki grafi\u011fin i\u015faret etti\u011fi durum, hepimizin malumu art\u0131k. Burada ilk 10 \u015firketin pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fenler dikkate al\u0131narak, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerle k\u0131yaslama yap\u0131l\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130ncelenen 127 \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ihalelerin bu denli az \u015firkette topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka \u00fclke yok. 14 trilyon dolarl\u0131k ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe sahip \u00c7in\u2019de 1507 projeden en fazla alan 179 adetle China Everbright. \u0130halelerin toplam de\u011feri 11.8 milyar dolar. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ise 17 proje ve 48 milyar dolarla Limak zirvede. K\u0131yas dahi kabul etmiyor yani T\u00fcrkiye. Durumu farkl\u0131 verilerle zenginle\u015ftirmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Mesela; toplam ihaleler 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 GSY\u0130H\u2019sine oranland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye y\u00fczde 26\u2019ya ula\u015f\u0131rken, \u00c7in y\u00fczde 0.3, Rusya 1.7, Brezilya y\u00fczde 9.8\u2019de kal\u0131yor. Kamunun her y\u0131l da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 300 \u015firketin hakim oldu\u011fu de\u011feri 100 milyon liran\u0131n \u00fczerindeki ihalelerin y\u00fczde 50\u2019si, 20 \u015firket aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Burada \u00e7abuk b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin pratik yolu olarak benimsenmi\u015f in\u015faat merkezli ekonomiden ayr\u0131\u015fan bir durum s\u00f6z konusu. Zira, Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2019 sonu bilan\u00e7olar\u0131n\u0131 inceledi\u011fi 115 bin 824 in\u015faat \u015firketine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, in\u015faat ekonomisi \u00f6yle \u201cbereketli\u201d durmuyor. \u015eirketlerin y\u00fczde 94\u2019\u00fc mikro ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli zaten. Sat\u0131\u015flardan ald\u0131klar\u0131 pay y\u00fczde 35 civar\u0131nda. Yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 zarar yazm\u0131\u015f. Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn y\u00fczde 1.1\u2019ini olu\u015fturan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklilerin pay\u0131 da y\u00fczde 42 ve \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi k\u00e2r ediyor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Meselenin in\u015faatla s\u0131n\u0131rla kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Ayn\u0131 yap\u0131 enerjiye de adapte ediliyor. HES\u2019lerin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 in\u015faatla birikim sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve kamu ihalelerine abone olanlar\u0131n elinde. Genelde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firmalar\u0131n ilgi alan\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen r\u00fczgar, g\u00fcne\u015f ve jeotermalde de a\u015fina oldu\u011fumuz \u015firketler a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koyuyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin; bitiremedi\u011fi \u0130stanbul Finans Merkezi\u2019ndeki in\u015faat\u0131n\u0131 ortaklar\u0131yla beraber 1.6 milyar liraya Varl\u0131k Fonu\u2019na devreden Ali A\u011fao\u011flu\u2019nun r\u00fczgar santrallerine; yol ve \u00f6zellikle demiryolu ihalelerinde ad\u0131n\u0131 duyuran YSE Yap\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u00c7elikler Holding\u2019in de 6 jeotermal santraline, garanti \u00f6demeleri yap\u0131lacak. K\u0131saca, in\u015faatla enerji haritas\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Madenler de benzer renklere boyan\u0131yor \u015fimdi.<\/p>\n

Nitekim 4. Grup olarak an\u0131lan 100\u2019e yak\u0131n end\u00fcstriyel hammadde ile k\u00f6m\u00fcr, uranyum, \u00e7inko, demir, bak\u0131r, alt\u0131n, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi metalik madenlerde s\u00f6z hakk\u0131 Varl\u0131k Fonu\u2019nda. Maden ihalelerindeki h\u0131zlanma bir \u015feyler anlat\u0131yordur. Finansta y\u00fczde 35, enerjide y\u00fczde 27, ula\u015f\u0131m ve lojistikte y\u00fczde 13 pazar pay\u0131na sahip Fon; Ceyhan\u2019da \u00f6zel \u015firketlerle ortak petrokimya tesisi ile Af\u015fin\u2019de termik santral yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor. Tek imzayla kamu arazilerinin stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc belirledi\u011fini de unutmayal\u0131m. Fon\u2019un faaliyetlerinin hukuki denetime tabi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcst\u00fcne son haz\u0131rlanan tasar\u0131 yasala\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00fct\u00e7eden \u015firketlere yap\u0131lan \u00f6demelerin de karart\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekleyelim.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylesine bir siyasi ve iktisadi g\u00fcce ne demek laz\u0131m?<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en hafta g\u00f6stere g\u00f6stere Kalyon \u0130n\u015faat\u2019a verilen ihale ve te\u015fvik, kendi oligarklar\u0131n\u0131 yaratan bir kartelle\u015fmenin sonucu i\u015fte. Kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda oy \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu, b\u00fcrokratik ayg\u0131t\u0131 gasp etmenin ehliyeti sayan bir vasat\u0131n c\u00fcretinden fazlas\u0131 duruyor. Me\u015fruiyeti sand\u0131kta arayan bir kitle partisinin; kamu kaynaklar\u0131yla semirmi\u015f ve \u201cdevlet habitat\u0131\u201d d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda beslenme imkan\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015f iri c\u00fcsseli, kartelci bir yap\u0131ya evrilmesine tan\u0131k oluyoruz. Kavram\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn anlamlar\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131n\u0131 vererek \u00fcstelik\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0130ktisatta, \u201cbir grubun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 lehine rekabeti fiilen ortadan kald\u0131ran uzla\u015fma\u201d diye \u00f6zetleyebilece\u011fimiz \u201ckartel\u201din etimolojik soyu, feodal beylerin meydan okumas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren belgeye uzan\u0131r. Siyaset biliminde ise devletle b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f, kaynaklar\u0131 tekelle\u015ftirmi\u015f parti modeline i\u015faret eder.<\/p>\n

Bu ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan, toplumsal birikimin \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131na zahmetsizce el koyan \u00f6zel bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n prati\u011fiyle \u015fekilleniyor, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin rejimi. Siyasi iktidarla i\u015fbirli\u011finden ziyade, bizatihi rejimin kendisi haline gelmi\u015f bu en h\u0131rsl\u0131, en gerici, en tahripkar sermaye unsurlar\u0131 Devlet A\u015e\u2019deki pay\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

28 \u015eubat i\u00e7in Mehmet A\u011far ilgin\u00e7 bir benzetme yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti devleti bir anonim \u015firkettir\u201d diyordu: \u201cHisselerin de y\u00fczde 51\u2019i zinde kuvvetlere aittir. Onlar\u0131n onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lamaz.\u201d (2) 90\u2019lar\u0131n par\u00e7al\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde hegemonya kuramayan siyasetin devletteki tezah\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, pratik deneyimiyle ifade etmi\u015fti A\u011far. Y\u00fczde 51\u2019in milliyet\u00e7i \u00f6rt\u00fc alt\u0131nda kurmaya giri\u015fti\u011fi derme \u00e7atma hakimiyetin k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcp gitti\u011fini; 2002\u2019de m\u00fclkiyet transferi, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ve IMF-AB \u00e7\u0131pal\u0131 programla yeni bir hisse da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011funu biliyoruz. O hisse yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2010\u2019lardan sonra h\u0131zlanan de\u011fi\u015fimi, bug\u00fcne projeksiyon tutuyor.<\/p>\n

Huzurlu, istikrarl\u0131 ilerlemiyor s\u00fcre\u00e7 elbette. T\u00dcS\u0130AD\u2019\u0131n, Varl\u0131k Fonu\u2019nu i\u015faret eden \u201crekabet\u201d \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131; i\u00e7-d\u0131\u015f rantiyeye kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli yinelenen \u201cdireni\u015f-teslimiyet\u201d paradoksunun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 finansal \u00e7alkant\u0131lar; kartelci yap\u0131ya neo-korporatist ta\u015feronlar olarak eklemlenen cemaatler, tarikatlar ve vak\u0131flar\u0131n tetikledi\u011fi toplumsal gerilimler\u2026 \u00dczerine, siyasi ve iktisadi tekelcilikle uyumlu durmayan sand\u0131k muammas\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu muamman\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, herkes i\u00e7in bir se\u00e7imin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan anlama sahip g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u201cYa\/ya da\u2026\u201d kadar kesin bir anlama.<\/p>\n

1-<\/strong> https:\/\/twitter.com\/cigdemtoker\/status\/1314479073310191617<\/p>\n

2-<\/strong> Ali Bayramo\u011flu, 28 \u015eubat. Bir M\u00fcdahalenin G\u00fcncesi, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"9.990.632.770 liral\u0131k demiryolu hatt\u0131 ihalesi alan Kalyon \u0130n\u015faat\u2019a, 9.449.995.833 liral\u0131k vergi te\u015fviki…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[5189,2509,2161,2124,3712],"class_list":{"0":"post-33730","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-bahadir-ozgur","9":"tag-kalyon","10":"tag-kolin","11":"tag-limak","12":"tag-manset"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33730"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33730\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33731"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}