{"id":34036,"date":"2020-12-09T20:07:47","date_gmt":"2020-12-09T17:07:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/?p=34036"},"modified":"2020-12-09T20:32:17","modified_gmt":"2020-12-09T17:32:17","slug":"fay-yasasi-deprem-bilimi-ile-catisiyor-burak-catlioglu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/fay-yasasi-deprem-bilimi-ile-catisiyor-burak-catlioglu\/","title":{"rendered":"‘Fay Yasas\u0131’ deprem bilimi ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131yor \u2013 Burak \u00c7atl\u0131o\u011flu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sisam Adas\u0131\u2019nda 30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde olu\u015fan ve \u0130zmir\u2019de y\u0131k\u0131ma neden olan depremden sonra \u2018\u2019Fay Yasas\u0131\u2019\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen yasa \u00f6nerisi tekrar g\u00fcndeme geldi.<\/p>\n

Fay Yasas\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u015funlar\u0131 \u00f6neriyor: Y\u00fczey k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131 tespit edilecek, sak\u0131n\u0131m bantlar\u0131 olu\u015fturulacak (yap\u0131la\u015fma i\u00e7in faydan uzakla\u015fma \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc), bu kapsamdaki b\u00f6lgeler imara kapat\u0131lacak, mevcut yerle\u015fim var ise y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015fka bir alanda yeniden in\u015fa edilecek. Depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve yerle\u015fime uygunluk i\u00e7in y\u00f6netmelikler var iken, deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz kamusal denetim mekanizmas\u0131 sa\u011flanamam\u0131\u015fken Fay Yasas\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak \u00f6neriliyor?<\/p>\n

Yasaya jeofizik ve in\u015faat m\u00fchendisleri itiraz etti. Peki neden? \u0130tirazlar\u0131 daha yak\u0131ndan irdeleyelim.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u015eekil 1. T\u00fcrkiye Diri Fay (K\u0131r\u0131k) Haritas\u0131 (MTA)<\/em><\/p>\n

MTA\u2019n\u0131n diri k\u0131r\u0131k (fay) haritas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere \u00fclkemiz kuzeyde Kuzey Anadolu K\u0131r\u0131k Sistemi, do\u011fuda Do\u011fu Anadolu K\u0131r\u0131k Sistemi ve Bitlis Bindirme Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131, Ege\u2019de k\u0131r\u0131k ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc sistemi, Akdeniz\u2019de \u2018\u2019Helen Yay\u0131\u2019\u2019 olarak bilinen dalma-batma zonu ile \u00e7evrilidir. Yani T\u00fcrkiye bir deprem \u00fclkesidir.<\/p>\n

Deprem dinamik bir olayd\u0131r. Deprem oldu\u011funda, olu\u015fan sismik dalgalar yerk\u00fcrenin i\u00e7erisinde s\u00f6n\u00fcmleninceye kadar yay\u0131l\u0131r. Sisam\u2019da olan deprem \u0130zmir\u2019i, Kocaeli G\u00f6lc\u00fck’te olan deprem \u0130stanbul Avc\u0131lar\u2019\u0131, \u0130ran\u2019da olan deprem Van\u2019\u0131 y\u0131kabilir, y\u0131kt\u0131 da. Bu bilimsel ger\u00e7e\u011fe ra\u011fmen \u00f6nerilen Fay Yasas\u0131, fay zonlar\u0131nda yap\u0131la\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131 getirilmesini talep ediyor ve deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011finin b\u00f6yle sa\u011flanabilece\u011fini iddia ediyor.<\/p>\n

Her depremin y\u00fczey k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, her y\u00fczey k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da \u00fczerindeki yap\u0131larda y\u0131k\u0131ma sebep olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilindi\u011fi halde sadece y\u00fczey k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 temel alan, y\u00fczeyde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc faylar i\u00e7in, denizden ge\u00e7en faylar i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fc olmayan bir yasada \u0131srar etmek deprem g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan mevcut sorunlar\u0131 ve sorumluluklar\u0131 \u00f6rt\u00fcc\u00fc niteliktedir. Ayr\u0131ca, Yerle\u015fime Uygunluk\/\u0130mar Plan\u0131na Esas Mikro B\u00f6lgeleme Genelgesi h\u00e2li haz\u0131rda Fay Yasas\u0131\u2019nda yeni gibi sunulan \u00f6nerileri de i\u00e7ermektedir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Fay Yasas\u0131 de\u011fil, zemin et\u00fctleri verileriyle projelendirilen, y\u00f6netmeliklere uygun yap\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye aktif bir deprem ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda yer alan bir \u00fclkedir. Bu bilimsel ger\u00e7ek \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda halk\u0131n bar\u0131nma g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in en elzem parametre depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131lar tasarlamak i\u00e7in \u00fclkemizde, 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk deprem y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi yay\u0131nland\u0131, daha sonra 2007\u2019de yeni bir y\u00f6netmelik \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, en son 2018\u2019de g\u00fcncellenerek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve bilgi teknolojilerine uyumlu hale geldi. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk Yap\u0131 Denetim kanunu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, yap\u0131lar\u0131n projelendirilmesinde ve imalat\u0131nda denetimler ba\u015flad\u0131. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce in\u015fa edilen yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funun zemin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 ve yeterli denetimin olmamas\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z depremlerde en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehdit unsuru olmaya devam ediyor. Bu nedenledir ki kamusal denetim b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz ediyor<\/p>\n

Fay Yasas\u0131\u2019na neden gerek yoktur?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Fay yasas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc t\u00fcm i\u015flemler \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n Mikro B\u00f6lgeleme ve \u0130mar Plan\u0131’na esas et\u00fctlerinde yerle\u015fime uygunluk amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131yor.
\n\u2022 \u00d6mr\u00fc ortalama 50-55 y\u0131l olan yap\u0131lar\u0131, deprem tekrarlama periyodu 250 y\u0131l olan faylara yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle y\u0131k\u0131p ba\u015fka yere ta\u015f\u0131mak bilimsel de\u011fildir.
\n\u2022 Fay yasas\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde Yeni Zelanda (1972 y\u0131l\u0131) ve ABD\u2019nin sadece Kaliforniya Eyaletinde (1991 y\u0131l\u0131) bulunmakta olup ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u00fclkede bulunmuyor.
\n\u2022 \u00dclkemiz gibi aktif deprem ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda yer alan \u0130talya, Portekiz, Yunanistan, Japonya, \u00c7in, Avusturalya gibi \u00fclkelerde de esas al\u0131nan veri g\u00fcvenli yap\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.
\n\u2022 Her afet i\u00e7in (Tsunami, Heyelan, Meteorolojik Olaylar vb.) ayr\u0131ca bir yasa \u00e7\u0131kartmak yerine t\u00fcm meslek disiplinlerini bir ayara getirecek bir Afet\/Acil Durum Yasas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmelidir.
\n\u2022Verimli, sulak tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na yap\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n engellenmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle, deprem konusunda bar\u0131nma g\u00fcvenli\u011fini yok eden k\u00f6k nedene yani depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131 in\u015fas\u0131na odaklanmak zorunday\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Depremlerde y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 en aza indirgemek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u0131srar\u0131m\u0131z;<\/p>\n

* Yap\u0131 projelendirme ve in\u015fa s\u00fcrecinde tam denetiminin sa\u011flanmas\u0131
\n* Depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131
\n* Yap\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 izleme sistemlerinin ve deprem erken uyar\u0131 sistemlerinin kurulmas\u0131
\n* Sismometre a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi
\n* Makro ve mikro b\u00f6lgeleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131
\n* Yerel y\u00f6netimlerce afet merkezlerinin kurulmas\u0131
\n* \u0130lkokuldan ba\u015flayarak, halk\u0131n Afet Bilincini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in e\u011fitimlerin verilmesi i\u00e7in olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Burak \u00c7atl\u0131o\u011flu
\nJeofizik Y. M\u00fchendisi <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Sisam Adas\u0131\u2019nda 30 Ekim 2020 tarihinde olu\u015fan ve \u0130zmir\u2019de y\u0131k\u0131ma neden olan…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34038,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4723,1991],"tags":[1046,5203,3712],"class_list":{"0":"post-34036","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kent-ve-doga-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-deprem","10":"tag-fay-yasasi","11":"tag-manset"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34036\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34038"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}