{"id":3468,"date":"2011-11-13T15:57:35","date_gmt":"2011-11-13T12:57:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3468"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:45:20","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:45:20","slug":"van-depremi-firsat-bu-firsat-gokhan-marim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/van-depremi-firsat-bu-firsat-gokhan-marim\/","title":{"rendered":"Van depremi; f\u0131rsat bu f\u0131rsat \u2013 G\u00f6khan Mar\u0131m"},"content":{"rendered":"
Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re; 23 Ekim 2011 tarihinde 7,2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde meydana gelen Van depremi sonucunda, 30 Ekim 11 tarihi itibar\u0131yla enkazdan 188 ki\u015finin sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaral\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 4 bin 152\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 601 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu bildirildi.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Depremde y\u0131k\u0131lan toplam bina say\u0131s\u0131 2262. Y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar aras\u0131nda kamu binalar\u0131 da bulunmakta. Y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar\u0131n hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kat say\u0131s\u0131 3\u2019ten fazla. En fazla can kayb\u0131 da bu \u00e7ok katl\u0131 binalarda ya\u015fand\u0131.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Van depreminde ilgi \u00e7eken \u00f6nemli noktalardan bir tanesi de y\u0131k\u0131lan binalar aras\u0131nda yeni yap\u0131lan binalar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a fazla olmas\u0131.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
T\u00fcrkiye topraklar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131nda, depremin etken oldu\u011fu biliniyor, \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 2\/3\u2019\u00fc birinci ve ikinci derecede deprem b\u00f6lgesinde. Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131la\u015fma sonuncunda Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde her y\u0131l ortalama 1.000 insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmekte ve bu yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131la\u015fma ciddi ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden olmakta. TMMOB\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u00fclkemizde konutlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131 ka\u00e7ak ya da ruhsats\u0131z, bina sto\u011funun y\u00fczde 10\u2019unun yenilenmesi, y\u00fczde 30\u2019unun onar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Toplanan deprem vergileri ile de yap\u0131 sto\u011fu elden ge\u00e7irilece\u011fine me\u011ferse duble yol yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f:\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n
Ne de olsa duble yol g\u00f6z boyama ve oy demek.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Maliye Bakan\u0131 Mehmet \u015eim\u015fek, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra toplanan deprem vergilerinin duble yollara gitti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u0130stanbul B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kadir Topba\u015f \u201colas\u0131 depremin maliyetinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek istiyorsan\u0131z 17 milyar dolar civar\u0131nda bir yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparsan\u0131z bu riski kald\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z deniliyor\u201d diyor. Oysaki bug\u00fcne kadar toplanan deprem vergilerinin 30 milyar dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade ediliyor. Toplanan deprem vergileri deprem i\u00e7in harcansa onca insan\u0131n hayat\u0131 kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Ba\u015fbakan Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan ise sanki 601 insan gecekondu da \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn gecekondular\u0131, ka\u00e7ak yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00c7evre ve \u015eehircilik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yetkisiyle kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p y\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. F\u0131rsat bu f\u0131rsat ya; Van depremi ile ustal\u0131k d\u00f6neminin, rant projeleri olan kentsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projelerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 sa\u011flanacak gibi. Bug\u00fcne kadar \u2018yapmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u2019 unutturduklar\u0131 yetmiyormu\u015f gibi y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 bile ranta d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye hevesleniyorlar.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de son d\u00f6nemde, sel, deprem gibi do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131n afete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin temel nedeni AKP d\u00f6neminde h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lan, devletin kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n denetim mekanizmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmesi politikas\u0131yd\u0131. 1980\u2019lerde ba\u015flayan D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 politikalar\u0131 ile temel m\u00fchendislik hizmeti veren Karayollar\u0131, Devlet Su \u0130\u015fleri, \u0130ller Bankas\u0131 gibi kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7erisi bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, temel m\u00fchendislik hizmetleri \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Hatta g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde denetim i\u015fleri dahi \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta. 9. Kalk\u0131nma Raporu gibi \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem politikalar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden bir\u00e7ok stratejik raporda da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi devlet art\u0131k \u201ctrafik polisli\u011fi\u201d yapmaya g\u00f6re organize edilecek. 657 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet Memurlar\u0131 Kanunu\u2019nun de\u011fi\u015ftirilme iste\u011finin nedeni biraz da kamu kurumlar\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n pozisyonunu yeni d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlemek.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Depremde y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n nedeni ne kader, ne de maliyet:\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n
Prof. Dr. Haluk Sucuo\u011flu, deprem ak\u015fam\u0131 NTV kanal\u0131nda depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olmayan bir bina ile depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 olan bina aras\u0131nda maliyet fark\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 5 oldu\u011funu ifade ediyor: \u201cDepremin y\u0131k\u0131m ile sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131nda temel neden maliyet de\u011fil yap\u0131lar\u0131n gerekli m\u00fchendisli\u011fe tabi olmamas\u0131\u201d.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
M\u00fchendislik kalitesini belirleyen en \u00f6nemli unsur ise tabii ki denetim mekanizmas\u0131. E\u011fitim kalitesi her gecen g\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fse de depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcretecek m\u00fchendislerin bu \u00fclkede mevcut oldu\u011funu d\u00fcnya alem biliyor. Yoksa t\u00fcm Ortado\u011fu\u2019nun, Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n in\u015faatlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yaparlard\u0131.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Ancak denetim mekanizmas\u0131ndaki bo\u015fluk ve beceriksizlik sel, deprem gibi do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131n afete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesine neden oluyor.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Yap\u0131 \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki denetim sistemi 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan depremden sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O d\u00f6nem \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan yap\u0131 denetim kanunu ile devlet \u00fczerindeki sorumlulu\u011fu atarak yap\u0131 denetim kanununu uygulamaya sokmu\u015ftu. Kamu hizmeti olmas\u0131 gereken yap\u0131lar\u0131n denetim yetkisi \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re devredilmi\u015fti.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Yap\u0131 denetim sistemi, Van\u2019da 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in savunulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da sistemin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 uygulamaya \u00f6nceden ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f yerlerdeki depremler ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc yap\u0131 denetim sistemi ile kurulan mekanizma yap\u0131sal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 olan bir mekanizma. Futbol tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ma\u00e7tan \u00f6nce kendi hakemini kendi se\u00e7mesi gibi, mal sahibi ya da m\u00fcteahhidin para vererek kendini denetledi\u011fi bir sistemin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek hayal olsa gerek. M\u00fcteahhidin ya da mal sahibinin \u00e7ok\u00e7a para harcay\u0131p yanl\u0131\u015f imal etti\u011fi yap\u0131n\u0131n bir yerinin kendisinin parayla tuttu\u011fu ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131kt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek olduk\u00e7a iyimser. Bu durum y\u0131llard\u0131r bilinmesine ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok kolay olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen herhangi bir \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmamakta.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
\u00dclkemizde yap\u0131 alan\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlemesi iki kanunla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte: 1985 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulamaya konulan 3194 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130mar Kanunu, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 19 pilot ilde uygulamaya konulan 2011 ba\u015f\u0131 ile 81 ilde uygulanan son kararname ile n\u00fcfusu 5 bin ki\u015finin alt\u0131ndaki belediyelerde uygulanmayan Yap\u0131 Denetim Kanunu. Yap\u0131 Denetim Kanunu\u2019nun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde \u0130mar Kanunu ge\u00e7erli.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
\u0130mar Kanunu kapsam\u0131nda proje denetimi yerel y\u00f6netimlerce, yap\u0131m denetimi fenni mesulle yap\u0131lmakta. Yap\u0131 denetim s\u00fcrecindeki gibi denetim mekanizmas\u0131 mal sahibi ya da m\u00fcteahhidin vicdan\u0131 ile c\u00fczdan\u0131 aras\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumda.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Yap\u0131 denetim sisteminin en eski ve etkin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke olan Almanya\u2019da denetim m\u00fchendisleri, devletin yetkili imar durumu ve yap\u0131 ruhsat\u0131 veren dairelerinin nam ve hesab\u0131na g\u00f6revlendirilmi\u015f m\u00fchendisler olarak tasar\u0131m ve yap\u0131m denetimi yaparlar. Yani denetim yetkisini kurum ya da \u015fah\u0131s devletten almakta. Denetim m\u00fchendisi binan\u0131n statik hesab\u0131ndan, in\u015faat\u0131na kadar her a\u015famada etkili. Denetim m\u00fchendisi taraf\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131labilecek statik bir raporun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 en az hesap k\u0131sm\u0131 kadar zaman al\u0131yor ve raporun her sayfas\u0131 denetim m\u00fchendisi taraf\u0131ndan kontrol ediliyor. \u00dclkemizde sadece formalite olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve y\u00fczlerce sayfa bilgisayar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131ndan olu\u015fan statik raporun nas\u0131l kontrol edilebilece\u011fi de ayr\u0131 bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Van depreminin afete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin ana nedeni ne maliyet, ne de yap\u0131 denetim sisteminin Van\u2019da yeni uygulanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131. Depremde onca insan\u0131n kayb\u0131n\u0131n nedeni mevcut bina sto\u011funun yeterli m\u00fchendisli\u011fe tabi olmamas\u0131, devletin t\u00fcm di\u011fer m\u00fchendislik alanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi denetim mekanizmas\u0131ndan da \u00e7ekilmi\u015f olmas\u0131.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Krizi f\u0131rsata \u00e7evirenler Van depremini de f\u0131rsata \u00e7evirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklard\u0131r. \u00c7oktan kollar s\u0131vand\u0131 bile. Van depreminin ac\u0131s\u0131 gecekondu sahiplerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lacak gibi. Haz\u0131rl\u0131k sadece depreme kars\u0131 de\u011fil f\u0131rsat\u00e7\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 da yap\u0131lmal\u0131.\u00a0<\/font><\/div>\n

<\/font><\/div>\n
Maalesef bu \u00fclke topraklar\u0131nda deprem, sel gibi do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok can alacak gibi. \u0130ster buna kader densin, ister buna f\u0131rsat bu f\u0131rsat densin.<\/font><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
* \u0130n\u015faat M\u00fchendisi\u00a0<\/strong><\/font><\/div>\n
\u00a0Bu yaz\u0131 daha \u00f6nce sendika.org sitesinde yay\u0131nlad\u0131.\u00a0<\/font><\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Afet ve Acil Durum Y\u00f6netimi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re; 23 Ekim 2011 tarihinde 7,2 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde meydana gelen Van depremi sonucunda, 30 Ekim 11 tarihi itibar\u0131yla enkazdan 188 ki\u015finin sa\u011f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaral\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 4 bin 152\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 601 ki\u015fi oldu\u011fu bildirildi.\u00a0\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4723,1991],"tags":[1046,1483,1482],"class_list":{"0":"post-3468","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kent-ve-doga-yazilar","8":"category-yazilar","9":"tag-deprem","10":"tag-gokhan-marim","11":"tag-yapi-denetim"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3468\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}