{"id":3501,"date":"2011-12-07T16:25:30","date_gmt":"2011-12-07T13:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/politeknik.org.tr\/\/?p=3501"},"modified":"2019-01-29T14:25:54","modified_gmt":"2019-01-29T11:25:54","slug":"jobs-sadece-meta-ureticisi-degil-seytanin-ta-kendisi-izlem-gozukeles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/jobs-sadece-meta-ureticisi-degil-seytanin-ta-kendisi-izlem-gozukeles\/","title":{"rendered":"Jobs: Sadece Meta \u00dcreticisi De\u011fil, \u015eeytan\u0131n Ta Kendisi – \u0130zlem G\u00f6z\u00fckele\u015f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Adettendir, \u00f6len birinin arkas\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc konu\u015fulmaz. Fakat yalan s\u00f6ylemek de olmaz: En ba\u015ftan s\u00f6yleyelim,\u00a0 biz kendisini pek iyi bilmezdik. Asaf G\u00fcven Aksel, Sol’daki yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cJobs: Ne Melek Ne \u015eeytan, Sadece Meta \u00dcreticisi\u201d diye ba\u015fl\u0131k atm\u0131\u015f [1] . Yan\u0131l\u0131yor, Jobs \u015feytan\u0131n ta kendisi! \u015eeytan\u0131n \u015feytanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ademo\u011fluna yedirdi\u011fi elmada sakl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/font><\/p>\n


Jobs ve \u015firketinin \u00fcr\u00fcnleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ikonlar\u0131ndand\u0131r:
Grek\u00e7e eikon k\u00f6k\u00fcnden gelen ikon kelimesi, \u201ckendisine kar\u015f\u0131 ele\u015ftirisiz bir sayg\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k duyulan nesne\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte dinsel ki\u015fileri kutsalla\u015ft\u0131rarak \u00fcretti\u011fi ikonlar\u0131n g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u015flev, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn kapitalist sisteminde laik ve pragmatik hale gelen pop\u00fcler ikonlarca g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte ve bunlar egemen ideolojinin \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birini te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, ikonlar \u00e7a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kapitalist sistem, ikonlar \u00fczerinden kendini yeniden \u00fcretmektedir. \u0130konla\u015ft\u0131rma, var olan\u0131 yeniden anlamland\u0131ran ya da tamamen anlam\u0131n\u0131 yok eden bir d\u00fczenek olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Adakl\u0131’n\u0131n (2001,\u00a0 s245) 1980 sonras\u0131n\u0131n pop\u00fcler ikonlar\u0131ndan Sabanc\u0131 i\u00e7in yazd\u0131klar\u0131 Jobs i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir:
Bu d\u00f6nemde Sabanc\u0131’n\u0131n sermayedar olarak varolu\u015fu \u00f6zellikle medya dolay\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00f6zlerden uzak hale gelirken, ki\u015fisel \u00f6zelliklerinin genel magazinle\u015ftirme e\u011filimiyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, pop\u00fcler ikon olarak \u00fcretiminin temel girdisidir. Burada ku\u015fkusuz, onu bir ikon olarak alg\u0131layan geni\u015f toplumsal kesimler nezdinde bir \u00e7e\u015fit unutma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n da devreye girdi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan s\u0131n\u0131flar, kendi s\u0131n\u0131fsal \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc kapitalizmin en \u00f6nemli temsilcilerinden birisini e\u011fer kendine yak\u0131n hissedebiliyorsa, burada nesnel s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n, art\u0131-de\u011fer s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, vb. unutuldu\u011fu ve bir yanl\u0131\u015f bilincin \u00fcretildi\u011fi de rahatl\u0131kla s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u0130konlar ideolojik hegemonyaya b\u00f6yle ba\u011flan\u0131r: Tahakk\u00fcm ili\u015fkileri gizlenir, me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; s\u0131n\u0131f bilincinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak kanallar t\u0131kan\u0131r ve bu yolla egemen g\u00fc\u00e7lere ciddi anlamda denetim olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Jobs’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bas\u0131nda ve sosyal medyada nas\u0131l yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakmakta fayda var.<\/p>\n

Jobs’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc d\u00fcnyada b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Jobs’\u0131n dehas\u0131na \u00f6vg\u00fcler d\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc ve\u00a0 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bili\u015fim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kay\u0131p olarak de\u011ferlendirildi. Bir mesaj patlamas\u0131 ya\u015fayan Twitter’da Jobs i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan mesajlardan birka\u00e7\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yleydi [2]:
Salman Rushdie:<\/strong> \u0130lk Apple Mac’ime kavu\u015ftu\u011fum g\u00fcnden beri Steve Jobs’\u0131n kurdu\u011fu d\u00fcnyaya a\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131m. Ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin en m\u00fckemmel mimarlar\u0131ndan biriydi. Huzur i\u00e7inde yat.
Arnold Schwarzenegger:<\/strong> Steve hayat\u0131n\u0131n her g\u00fcn\u00fcnde California r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131. D\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi ve hepimize ilham verdi.
Jack Nicholson:<\/strong> Sevgili Steve. Tanr\u0131 kesinlikle Windows kadar iyi bir insan. Ona yard\u0131m edebilir misiniz? B\u00f6ylece hayat daha g\u00fczel ve kolay hale gelir.
cuneytozdemir: <\/strong>Rahmetli s\u0131radan bir telefon de\u011fil, ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi icat etmi\u015fti.<\/em><\/p>\n

ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Obama ise yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada \u015f\u00f6yle dedi [3]:
Jobs farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnecek kadar cesur, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fine inanacak kadar g\u00f6z\u00fcpek ve bunu ba\u015faracak kadar yetenekliydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de Jobs i\u00e7in bir anma bile d\u00fczenlendi, bir e\u011fitim kurumunun nesnel ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi b\u00f6ylesine tepe taklak ediyor olmas\u0131 kayda de\u011ferdi\u00a0 [4]:
Ad\u0131 Steve Jobs’du. Milyonlarca insandan biriydi. \u00d6zelle\u015fti. Milyonlarca insana teknolojinin gizemini sundu. \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015fti. Efsanele\u015fti. Biz \u00d6zel Ahmet \u015eim\u015fek e\u011fitim Kurumlar\u0131 olarak bu \u00f6zel insan\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczle\u015ftirmek istedik.
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc biz \u00f6nder Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn belirtti\u011fi gibi “Hayatta en hakiki m\u00fcr\u015fit ilimdir.” Slogan\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatan bilim el\u00e7ileri insanl\u0131k mimarlar\u0131 olma yolunda ilerliyoruz. Bu evrensel ilkeyi e\u011fitim politikas\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi sayan \u00d6zel Ahmet \u015eim\u015fek E\u011fitim Kurumlar\u0131 din, dil, \u0131rk, ulus ayr\u0131m\u0131 yapmanda insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 adayan t\u00fcm bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fcm sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleri k\u0131saca t\u00fcm ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 anmaya ve onlar\u0131n yolunda ilerleyerek gen\u00e7lerimizin aras\u0131ndan da Steve Jobs\u2019lar \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jobs’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra en anlaml\u0131 ad\u0131m ise Sony’den geldi. Sony, Jobs’in hayat\u0131n\u0131 filme almak i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Jobs, ger\u00e7ekten de film gibi ya\u015fad\u0131. Hayat\u0131n\u0131 okuyup da etkilenmemek elde de\u011fil. Obama’n\u0131n belirtti\u011fi gibi Jobs’un hayat\u0131 Amerikan R\u00fcyas\u0131’n\u0131n kendisiydi [5]. Jobs’un s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcne k\u0131saca g\u00f6z atal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

Jobs, 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda San Francisco’da o zamanlar \u00f6\u011frenci olan Amerikal\u0131 Joanne Carole Schieble ve Suriye as\u0131ll\u0131 Abdulfattah John Jandali’nin o\u011flu olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelir. \u00c7ift,\u00a0 Schieble’in babas\u0131n\u0131n evlili\u011fe itiraz etmesi nedeniyle Steve’i, Paul-Clara Jobs \u00e7iftine evlatl\u0131k olarak verir.<\/p>\n

Jobs, lise y\u0131llar\u0131nda okuldan arta kalan vakitlerinde Hewlett-Packard ‘\u0131n\u00a0 Palo Alto’daki (California) merkezindeki derslere kat\u0131l\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 yerde yaz staj\u0131na kabul edilir. Burada, daha sonra beraber Apple \u015firketini kuraca\u011f\u0131 Steve Wozniak ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Liseden sonra, fizik ve edebiyat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere Portland’daki Reed Koleji’ne gider. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan gelen anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca elde etti\u011fi birikimi, kolej harc\u0131 i\u00e7in harcamak Jobs’a anlams\u0131z gelir. Okuldan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak yine de ilgisini \u00e7eken derslere ka\u00e7ak olarak devam eder. Bu d\u00f6nemde, arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yurt odalar\u0131nda yerde yatar,\u00a0 depozito almak i\u00e7in kola \u015fi\u015felerini toplar ve haftada bir b\u00f6lgedeki Hare Krishna tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda bedava yemek yiyerek ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

1974’te California\u2019ya geri d\u00f6ner ve Ev Yap\u0131m\u0131 Bilgisayar Kul\u00fcb\u00fc’n\u00fcn toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. Jobs, ruhani ayd\u0131nlanma i\u00e7in Hindistan’a gitmek istemektedir. Bu ama\u00e7la, Atari adl\u0131, video oyunlar\u0131 \u00fczerine faaliyet g\u00f6steren firmada teknisyen olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Jobs, Hindistan yolculu\u011fundan sonra yine Atari’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flar ve bir oyun i\u00e7in devre kart\u0131 yapmakla g\u00f6revlendirilir. Bu konuda \u00e7ok iyi de\u011fildir. Wozniak’a i\u015f i\u00e7in 700 dolar alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu paray\u0131 da yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya payla\u015facaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler ve i\u015f sonunda da Wozniak’a 350 dolarl\u0131k bir \u00f6deme yapar. Ama ger\u00e7ekte Atari, kart\u0131n \u00fczerinde eksiltilecek her bir yonga i\u00e7in 100 dolar vermektedir ve Wozniak son derece yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla karttaki devre say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 %50 oran\u0131nda azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Jobs’\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam para 700 dolar de\u011fil, 5000 dolard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra Jobs’\u0131n tasar\u0131m ve pazarlama\u00a0 ve Wozniak’\u0131n teknik yetene\u011fi bir araya gelir; 1976’da Apple do\u011far. Apple I ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri ilk bilgisayarlar\u0131n\u0131 sipari\u015fle satarlar. 1984’de Macintosh ticari ba\u015far\u0131 kazanan, grafiksel kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcne sahip ilk k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bilgisayar olur.<\/p>\n

Fakat sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n istenildi\u011fi gibi gitmemesi, \u015firket i\u00e7inde sorunlara yol a\u00e7ar. Apple’in CEO’su John Sculley ve Jobs aras\u0131nda bir g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flar. Jobs y\u00f6netim kurulunun karar\u0131yla kendi kurdu\u011fu \u015firketten kovulur.
Jobs, 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stanford \u00dcniversitesi’nde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmada bunu ba\u015f\u0131na gelebilecek en g\u00fczel \u015fey olarak nitelendirecektir. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olman\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131p, yeni ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lara yelken a\u00e7acak olman\u0131n hafifli\u011fi i\u00e7indedir. 1985’te 7 milyon dolarla NeXT’i kurarak yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 yapar. 1986’da da daha sonra Pixar ad\u0131n\u0131 alacak olan\u00a0 The Graphics Group’u sat\u0131n al\u0131r. Bu y\u0131llarda, Jobs’\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 yeniden parlarken, Apple zarar etmektedir. 1996’da Apple, NeXT’i 429 milyon dolara sat\u0131n al\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece Jobs kovuldu\u011fu \u015firkete geri d\u00f6ner. \u015eirket, Jobs’un hamleleriyle y\u0131llar sonra ilk kez kar etmeye ba\u015flar .<\/p>\n

2000 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u015firketi perde arkas\u0131ndan y\u00f6netirken, bu tarihte \u015firketin resmi CEO’su olur.<\/p>\n

Ve 2000li y\u0131llarda, iPod’u, iTunes M\u00fczik Ma\u011fazalar\u0131’n\u0131, iPhone’u ve iPad’i piyasaya s\u00fcrer… Jobs, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n son g\u00fcnlerine kadar Apple’daki CEO’luk koltu\u011funu b\u0131rakmaz, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya devam eder.<\/p>\n

\u0130tiraf etmek gerekirse nefes kesen bir ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc. Evlat verilen bir bebek, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 mensubu anne-baba, yoksulluk i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7en gen\u00e7lik y\u0131llar\u0131, Hindistan’a uzanan manevi aray\u0131\u015f, kendi kurdu\u011fu \u015firketten kovulma, her \u015feye s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015flama, kovuldu\u011fu \u015firketin tekrar ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7me… Sony’nin bu Amerikan r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131n filmle\u015ftirmesi \u00e7ok zor olmayacak.<\/p>\n

Medyan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Steve Jobs ikonuna kar\u015f\u0131 farkl\u0131 tepkiler oldu.<\/p>\n

Bilim insanlar\u0131na de\u011fer verenler ve \u00f6zellikle de bilgisayar bilimiyle ilgili olanlar bu ikonla\u015ft\u0131rmadan son derece rahats\u0131z oldular. Z\u00fclf\u00fc Livaneli k\u00f6\u015fesinde Jobs ile Ralph Steinman’\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 [6]:
B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlarda \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak bir durum yok. Ama benim \u015fa\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fey \u015fu oldu. Steve Jobs\u2019tan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, Kanada\u2019da bir doktor \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u0130nsan h\u00fccresinin savunma mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine esasl\u0131 bulu\u015flar\u0131 vard\u0131. Allah hepinizi korusun; kanser olursak, bizi koruyacak mekanizmalard\u0131 bunlar. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin nas\u0131l tetiklendi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayan bulu\u015flar, bu alandaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015fti<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgisayar bilimi ile alakal\u0131 olanlar ise,\u00a0 bilimle ilgisi olmayan birinin bilim insan\u0131 olarak sunulmas\u0131na \u00f6fkelendiler. Hele bir de buna yine ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00f6len, C dilinin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve Unix i\u015fletim sisteminin yarat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri olan Dennis Ritchie’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn suskunlukla kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 eklenince tepkiler daha da artt\u0131. Bu tepkisellik vikipedi’ye de yans\u0131d\u0131. Vikipedi’de Dennis Ritchie maddesine \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131ld\u0131 [7]:
Yak\u0131n zamanlarda hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden Steve Jobs kadar \u015f\u00f6hretli olamasa da “Dijital \u00c7a\u011f”a Jobs’dan daha fazla y\u00f6n veren ki\u015fi. 1983\u2019te Turing \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc, 1999\u2019de Ulusal Teknoloji Madalyas\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131. 9 Ekim 2011’de hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dennis Ritchie’yi Jobs ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor olmak bile rahats\u0131z ediciydi.<\/p>\n

Jobs ikonuna bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli tepkiler ise sol yan\u0131m\u0131zdan, kalbimizin oldu\u011fu yerden geliyordu. Tepkiler, \u00c7in’in Chengdu \u015fehrinde bulunan ve iPad \u00fcretimi yapan Foxconn fabrikas\u0131ndaki intiharlar \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti [8]:
Foxconn’da yak\u0131n zamanda-2010 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda-dayan\u0131lmaz hale gelen bask\u0131lar nedeniyle bir dizi i\u015f\u00e7i intihar\u0131 meydana geldi.\u00a0 Ya\u015fanan bu \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131\u201d durum uluslararas\u0131 bas\u0131n kurumlar\u0131nda da bir etki yaratt\u0131 ve Foxconn\u2019un en \u00f6nemli m\u00fc\u015fterileri, Apple ve HP, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nlem alacaklar\u0131n\u0131 duyurdular. Ancak intiharlardan bir y\u0131l sonra bile, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u00c7inli \u015firket, fabrikan\u0131n \u00fcretim b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc de Chengdu\u2019nun end\u00fcstri merkezlerinden \u00e7ok uzaklara ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Hele bir de iPad almak i\u00e7in b\u00f6bre\u011fini satan 17 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00c7inli gen\u00e7 vard\u0131 ki…<\/p>\n

Aksel’in bu kesime yan\u0131t\u0131 ise \u015f\u00f6yle oldu:
Jobs, kapitalizmin pazar\u0131na mal sunuyordu. Amac\u0131 \u015firketinin k\u00e2r etmesiydi, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131ma ula\u015fmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130htiyac\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r oldu\u011fu noktalarda, \u00fcrettiklerini zorunlu ihtiya\u00e7 gibi alg\u0131latma genel kural\u0131na uyuyordu. Ne melekti ne \u015feytan. Bir meta \u00fcreticisiydi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aksel de Jobs’un kapitalist \u015feytanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu kabul ediyordu etmesine de :
Steve Jobs, elbette firmas\u0131yla birlikte, kapitalist \u015feytanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Valla ben de bunu \u00e7ocuk ya\u015ftan beri bildi\u011fim halde, Apple \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini \u00f6nerirken, buna destek verdi\u011fimi, bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi unuttu\u011fumu hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedim. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, birbirinden fark\u0131 olmayan \u015feytanlar i\u00e7inde, e\u011fer bir ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen ve kar\u015f\u0131lanmak istenen bir su\u00e7 ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nesnesi g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015fse, bunu en az zararla atlatman\u0131n yolunu ar\u0131yordum. Jobs ve Apple tasar\u0131mlar\u0131, genel \u015feytani kurallara, kapitalizmin genel ge\u00e7er t\u00fcketim mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na ters bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yor, bu onu daha \u015feytani ve daha ge\u00e7erli bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n pazara giri\u015fi mertebesine vard\u0131rsa da, buna ald\u0131rm\u0131yordunuz…<\/em><\/p>\n

Bir yandan da Apple’\u0131na toz kondurmuyordu: \u201cDi\u011fer bilgisayarlar\u0131n yol arkada\u015f\u0131 sistem \u00e7\u00f6kmeleri, vir\u00fcsler, trojanlar, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ek masraf ve u\u011fra\u015flar, Macintosh sistemi i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildi.\u201d Apple kullanman\u0131n kendisini Microsoft Tekeli’ne kar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir konuma getirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n

Ve yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle sonland\u0131r\u0131yordu:
Jobs, piyasaya bir mal sunmu\u015f, bunu nitelik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 k\u0131lacak bir tasar\u0131m uygulam\u0131\u015f, pazarlama stratejisi kurmu\u015ftur. Her kapitalist gibi. E\u011fer bu \u00fcr\u00fcn, insanlar\u0131n u\u011frunda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6ze alacaklar\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015fsa, buna Jobs\u2019un eseri gibi bakmak, meseleyi fazla hafife almak demektir. Bunu, Apple\u2019\u0131n da bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu h\u00e2kim sistemin insanlara empoze ettiklerine, hayalleri feti\u015f nesnelere indirgemesine ve ihtiyac\u0131 t\u00fcketme h\u0131rs\u0131yla de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015funa fatura etmeyi karartmamal\u0131d\u0131r, Jobs\u2019a hayranl\u0131\u011fa tepki…<\/em><\/p>\n

K\u0131sacas\u0131 Aksel, Jobs’un sadece s\u0131n\u0131fsal konumunun gere\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. E\u011fer Jobs s\u0131radan bir meta \u00fcreticisi olsayd\u0131, Aksel s\u00f6zlerinde hakl\u0131 olabilirdi. Bu konuyu tart\u0131\u015fmaya bile gerek kalmazd\u0131. Ancak burada sorun, Jobs’un t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada bili\u015fim teknolojilerinin geli\u015fimine y\u00f6n veren etkili insanlardan biri olmas\u0131 ve bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 insanlar i\u00e7in Bill Gates’in Microsoft’undan daha l\u00fcks, g\u00f6steri\u015fli ve demir parmakl\u0131klar\u0131\u00a0 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olan hapishaneler geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yor olmas\u0131d\u0131r [9].<\/p>\n

\u015eeytan\u0131n, \u015feytanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck yapmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, ademo\u011flunu kand\u0131r\u0131p, onu bilginin e\u015fit ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce payla\u015f\u0131labildi\u011fi bir cennetten kovdurmas\u0131ndad\u0131r. iPhone s\u0131radan bir cep telefonu de\u011fildir. iPhone, telefon yerine de kullan\u0131labilen bir bilgisayard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn cep telefonlar\u0131ndaki niteliksel ve nicel de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 dikkate al\u0131rsak, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki PC devrimine benzer bir s\u00fcrecin i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuzu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Jobs’\u0131n Apple’\u0131, bili\u015fim teknolojilerini (dolay\u0131s\u0131yla toplumu) hem fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 hem de mahremiyet konusunda kabul edilemez ve son derece tehlikeli bir noktaya s\u00fcr\u00fcklemektedir.<\/p>\n

iPhone \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan haberler, iPhone’un g\u00f6rsel tasar\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ama telefonunuzdaki pili bile\u00a0 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye hakk\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz. Apple’\u0131n reklam stratejisi de bunun \u00fczerine kuruludur. G\u00f6rsel tasar\u0131m\u0131 t\u00fcketiciyi cezbeder. iPhone’lu olman\u0131n sizi alternatif bir toplulu\u011fun \u00fcyesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir ill\u00fczyon yarat\u0131l\u0131r. Hatta, kimileri kendilerini GNU\/Linux kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirip, bilgiye e\u015fit ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr eri\u015fim hakk\u0131ndan bihaber,\u00a0 \u015f\u00f6yle diyebilir: \u201cBiz de Microsoft’a kar\u015f\u0131y\u0131z.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m, herhangi bir \u015firkete (Microsoft, Oracle ya da Apple) kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa sahip de\u011fildir. Bili\u015fim teknolojisi kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zg\u00fcr \u00fcretim ve e\u015fit t\u00fcketim hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal eden her ki\u015fi ya da kurulu\u015f \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Vakf\u0131’n\u0131n iPhone’a kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kampanya incelenirse Apple’\u0131n iPhone’unun, Microsoft’un Windows’undan \u00e7ok daha \u201c\u015feytani\u201d oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Vakf\u0131’n\u0131n \u201ciPhone’dan Ka\u00e7\u0131nmak \u0130\u00e7in 5 Neden\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konulara de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n

1- iPhone, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engellemektedir.<\/strong> \u00d6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcze, \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011frendiklerinizi ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015fma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcze sayg\u0131 duyan yaz\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. iPhone’da, yaz\u0131l\u0131m olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in programc\u0131lar\u0131n Apple’a ayr\u0131ca \u00f6deme yapmas\u0131 gerekir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n telefonunda hangi yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n yer al\u0131p almayaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda tek otorite Apple’dir.
Bu durumda, iPhone kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n, Windows kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan daha geri bir\u00a0 durumda oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bir \u00e7ok \u00d6zg\u00fcr Yaz\u0131l\u0131m (Firefox, Thunderbird, mysql, Apache, vlc vs.), tamamen yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftiricilerin iste\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, Microsoft’un iznine gerek kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n (en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik), Windows’ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmektedir.

2- Apple, iPhone’da say\u0131sal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar y\u00f6netimini (Digital Restrictions Management – DRM) onaylamakta ve desteklemektedir. <\/strong>Say\u0131sal s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar y\u00f6netimi, \u015firketlerce, say\u0131sal haklar y\u00f6netimi (Digital Rights Management) olarak ifade edilmektedir. Fakat DRM’in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, haklar\u0131 korumak de\u011fil, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131za sizin ad\u0131n\u0131za karar vermektir. iPhone’da, bilgiye (ses, video, kitap vs)\u00a0 eri\u015fim yollar\u0131, Apple’\u0131n belirledi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir.

3- iPhone, bulundu\u011funuz yeri ba\u015fkalar\u0131na s\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131r. iPhone, \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m de\u011fildir ve bu nedenle i\u00e7erdi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak bilemeyiz. <\/strong>iPhone’un i\u00e7inde yer alan GPS \u00e7ipi, sadece Apple taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilebilmektedir. Bir di\u011fer deyi\u015fle, GPS \u00e7ipinin sizin konumunuz hakk\u0131nda nerelere ve ne bilgi iletti\u011fini bilemezsiniz ve denetleyemezsiniz.<\/p>\n

4- iPhone da iTunes gibi patent sorunu olmayan, DRM ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z formatlar\u0131 \u00e7almayacakt\u0131r. <\/strong>iPhone, MP3 yerine kullan\u0131lan Ogg ve MPEG yerine kullan\u0131lan Theora formatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7almayacakt\u0131r. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 patent girdab\u0131ndan kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu formatlara izin verilmemektedir.<\/p>\n

5- iPhone tek se\u00e7ene\u011finiz de\u011fildir.<\/strong> Ufukta, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcze sayg\u0131 duyan, sizi\u00a0 g\u00f6zetlemeyen, \u00f6zg\u00fcr formatlar\u0131 kabul eden ve en \u00f6nemlisi de \u00f6zg\u00fcr yaz\u0131l\u0131m kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131za olanak sa\u011flayan alternatifler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

***
Yal\u00e7\u0131n K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck’\u00fcn de vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u201c\u0130deoloji, eninde sonunda incarne (*) dir; insanlarda v\u00fccut bulmam\u0131\u015f bir ideolojik m\u00fccadeleyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu nedenle, ideolojik sava\u015f bir icone yapma ve icone k\u0131rma, iconoclaste i\u015fidir.\u201d<\/p>\n

Jobs’\u0131n Foxconn i\u015f\u00e7ilerine kar\u015f\u0131 tavr\u0131 ve medyan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131 umursamay\u0131p Jobs’tan bir ikon yaratmas\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131k vericidir. Fakat Jobs ikonunun as\u0131l te\u015fhir edilmesi gereken y\u00f6n\u00fc, insanlar\u0131n bilgiye e\u015fit ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr eri\u015fim, ileti\u015fim ve mahremiyet hakk\u0131na sayg\u0131 duymayan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri (elmalar\u0131) olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu da, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki s\u00fcre\u00e7te anl\u0131k\/tepkisel de\u011fil, uzun soluklu bir ideolojik m\u00fccadeleyi gerektirir [10]. Steve Jobs hakk\u0131nda \u015fimdilik s\u00f6yleyeceklerimiz ise Stallman ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r:
\u00a0“Bug\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 hapisane gibi (yaz\u0131l\u0131m k\u0131s\u0131tlamal\u0131) bilgisayarlar\u0131 haval\u0131 g\u00f6stermenin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Steve Jobs \u00f6ld\u00fc. Chicago belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 Harold Washington’un yolsuzluklar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc selefi Daley i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi ‘Onun \u00f6lmesinden memnun de\u011filim ancak gitmesinden memnunum.’ \u0130ster Jobs olsun, ister Mr. Bill ve hatta onlardan daha k\u00f6t\u00fc \u015feyler yapm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer bile \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc hak etmez. Ancak hepimiz Jobs’\u0131n halk\u0131n bili\u015fimi \u00fczerindeki k\u00f6t\u00fc etkisinden kurtulmay\u0131 hak ediyorduk.
Maalesef onun yoklu\u011funa ra\u011fmen bu k\u00f6t\u00fc etki devam ediyor. Miras\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak haleflerinin daha etkisiz olmas\u0131n\u0131 umut etmekten ba\u015fka yapabilece\u011fimiz bir \u015fey yok.”<\/em><\/p>\n

(*) incarne : Temsil<\/p>\n

Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong>
Adakl\u0131, G. (2001) \u201cPop\u00fcler \u0130kon Olarak Sermayedar\u201d, Praksis Say\u0131 4, s. 242-265<\/p>\n

Notlar:<\/strong>
[1] Jobs: Ne Melek Ne \u015eeytan, Sadece Meta \u00dcreticisi , http:\/\/haber.sol.org.tr\/yazarlar\/asaf-guven-aksel\/jobs-ne-melek-ne-seytan-sadece-meta-ureticisi-47130, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[2] Twitter’da Steve Jobs matemi, http:\/\/www.ntvmsnbc.com\/id\/25285940, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[3] Cesur, g\u00f6z\u00fcpek ve yarat\u0131c\u0131: Steve Jobs, http:\/\/www.ntvmsnbc.com\/id\/25285844\/, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[4] http:\/\/www.ahmetsimsekkoleji.com\/?p=6&id=25, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[5] Obama Highlights American Dream with Steve Jobs, http:\/\/www.macobserver.com\/tmo\/article\/obama_highlights_american_dream_with_steve_jobs\/, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[6] Steve Jobs ve bir doktor, http:\/\/haber.gazetevatan.com\/Haber\/404618\/1\/Gundem, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[7] http:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dennis_Ritchie, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[8] \u00c7in’deki Apple:Yenilik\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131!, http:\/\/www.evrensel.net\/news.php?id=15285, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[9] 5 reasons to avoid iPhone 3G, http:\/\/www.fsf.org\/blogs\/community\/5-reasons-to-avoid-iphone-3g, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011
[10] Take action against the iPhone!, http:\/\/www.fsf.org\/campaigns\/iphone, son eri\u015fim 18\/10\/2011<\/font><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

*Bu yaz\u0131 Bilim ve Gelecek’in Kasim 2011 say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131. <\/font><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Adettendir, \u00f6len birinin arkas\u0131ndan k\u00f6t\u00fc konu\u015fulmaz. Fakat yalan s\u00f6ylemek de olmaz: En ba\u015ftan s\u00f6yleyelim,\u00a0 biz kendisini pek iyi bilmezdik. Asaf G\u00fcven Aksel, Sol’daki yaz\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cJobs: Ne Melek Ne \u015eeytan, Sadece Meta \u00dcreticisi\u201d diye ba\u015fl\u0131k atm\u0131\u015f [1] . Yan\u0131l\u0131yor, Jobs \u015feytan\u0131n ta kendisi! \u015eeytan\u0131n \u015feytanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ademo\u011fluna yedirdi\u011fi elmada sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":40571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4712],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3501","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bilisim-yazilar"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3501"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3501\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}