T\u00fcrkiye son 7 y\u0131lda h\u0131zla artan bir oranda plastik at\u0131k ithal ediyor. Rakamlar 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4-5bin ton iken, 2018\u2019de 35bin tona 2020\u2019de ise 600bin tona ula\u015ft\u0131. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u0130statistik Ofisi (Eurostat) verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye birinci s\u0131rada. Bu durumda, bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan \u00e7e\u015fitli haberlerle de T\u00fcrkiye Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc m\u00fc oluyor tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Son y\u0131llarda plastik at\u0131k ihracat\u0131na dair ele\u015ftirilerin artmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1 Ocak 2021\u2019den itibaren baz\u0131 plastik at\u0131klar\u0131n ithalat\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00fcn yay\u0131nlanan Resmi Gazete\u2019de (18.05.2021) ise polietilen at\u0131k ithalat\u0131n\u0131n 45 g\u00fcn sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girecek \u015fekilde yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendik. Plastik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ise karara tepkili. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6te yandan T\u00fcrkiye Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck plastik \u00fcreticisi ve sekt\u00f6r y\u00f6neticilerinin ifadelerine g\u00f6re Petkim, piyasa ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n sadece %20\u2019sini kar\u015f\u0131layabiliyor, haliyle kalan k\u0131s\u0131m i\u00e7in hammadde ithalat\u0131na gidilecek ve fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olacak.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan Greenpeace T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyle ilgili yeterli altyap\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ithal edilen \u0130ngiltere at\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmek yerine yol kenar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ettiklerini \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6pte \u0130ngiliz mal\u0131 gazl\u0131 i\u00e7ecek kutular\u0131, at\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131k paketleri ve \u015fekerleme kutular\u0131 bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eden bir rapor detay\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Yani \u00f6yle g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor ki Almanya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7evrecili\u011fi Malezya\u2019dan, \u0130ngiltere\u2019ninki ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den menkul.<\/p>\n
Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn A\u00e7mazlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, kayna\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma konusu ve nihai i\u015flem sonucu \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7\u00f6p %lerinden bahsedece\u011fiz. \u00d6ncelikle gelen plastiklerin kaba bir ay\u0131klama y\u00f6ntemiyle ay\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131n\u0131n normal oldu\u011funu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 145 \u00e7e\u015fit plastik bulundu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n ancak teknik bilgisi y\u00fcksek insanlar taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini, hatta g\u00f6zle yap\u0131lacak bir ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bile yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u201ckayna\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d denilen bu konunun, \u00f6zellikle evsel at\u0131kta geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6nemli a\u00e7mazlar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011funu belirtmek gerekir.<\/p>\n En basitinden i\u00e7ti\u011fimiz bir \u015fi\u015fe suyu kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da kapatarak \u201cplastik at\u0131k\u201d yazan herhangi bir yere b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Bunun plastik \u015fi\u015fe dedi\u011fimiz alt k\u0131sm\u0131 plasti\u011fin pet grubuna giriyor, kapa\u011f\u0131 plastik grubuna, belki a\u011fz\u0131ndaki a\u00e7ma bilezi\u011fi ise polietilendir, bilemeyiz. Yani geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesisinde bunlar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7ilerce ay\u0131klanmas\u0131 gerekir. Yine \u00f6rne\u011fin bir kablo d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. Bunun \u00fczerindeki plasti\u011fin s\u0131yr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve plastik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne, i\u00e7indeki metal telin ise metal grubuna al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Kald\u0131 ki o metal de bak\u0131r m\u0131 veya ba\u015fka bir iletken mi oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re de ayr\u0131ca s\u0131n\u0131flan\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019da vatanda\u015flara kendi evsel at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 basit\u00e7e nas\u0131l ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131racaklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik e\u011fitimler veriliyor.<\/p>\n Devam edecek olursak, bu nedenle plastik denilen bir ton malzeme bu mant\u0131kla ay\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u00e7inden en az 7-8 kategori ve duruma g\u00f6re bunlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birine girmeyen \u201ctehlikeli at\u0131k\u201d ve \u201c\u00e7\u00f6p\u201d de \u00e7\u0131kar. \u00c7\u00f6p dedi\u011fimiz ger\u00e7ekten, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u00fczerine \u015fekerleme bula\u015fm\u0131\u015f kutu, orjinalinde veya sonradan i\u00e7ine boya vs farkl\u0131 bir kimyasal doldurulup kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fi\u015fe, \u201ctehlikeli at\u0131k\u201d grubuna girer. \u00dczerinde ka\u011f\u0131t etiket bulunan plastik veya naylon ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmadan kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n Bu t\u00fcrden malzemeler yeterli teknoloji ve i\u015f\u00e7ilik yoksa \u201c\u00e7\u00f6p\u201d olur. Plastik at\u0131k geri-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u015finden, genellikle malzemenin ve tesisin durumuna g\u00f6re, %20-40 aras\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6p \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n \u00c7in neden vazge\u00e7ti?<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n plastik at\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 eskiden 1980 den beri \u00c7in topluyordu. 2018\u2019de plastik ve t\u00fcrevi at\u0131klar\u0131n, 1 Ocak 2021\u2019de ise t\u00fcm kat\u0131 at\u0131klar\u0131n ithalat\u0131ndan tamamen vazge\u00e7tiler. 1.4 milyarla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfusuna sahip \u00c7in neden b\u00f6yle bir karar ald\u0131?<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda kendi kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfusunun at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye alt yap\u0131s\u0131 m\u00fcsait olmayan \u00c7in, i\u015f\u00e7ilik g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00fcvenerek bu sekt\u00f6re girdi. Binlerce geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesisiyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fcn\u00fcn %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 ithal etti. Plastik at\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir yer tutuyor sekt\u00f6rde ve ne kadar geli\u015fkin teknoloji kullan\u0131rsan\u0131z kullan\u0131n mutlaka i\u015f\u00e7ilik (g\u00f6z ve elle ay\u0131klama) gerektiren a\u015famalar i\u00e7erdi\u011fi bir ger\u00e7ek. Ancak y\u00fcksek oranl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6p y\u00fczdeleri ve sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndan kalkamad\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kirli \u00fclkelerinden biri haline geldi. Zaman i\u00e7inde \u00f6nlem olarak Petrokimya end\u00fcstrisine yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar da b\u00f6ylesi y\u00f6netilemeyen hale gelmi\u015f bir konudan \u00e7ekilme karar\u0131 almas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n Buraya kadar neden Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kendi plastik at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kendisi geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyip bize yollad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da anlam\u0131\u015f oluyoruz asl\u0131nda. Y\u00fcksek i\u015f\u00e7ilik maliyetleri, uyulmas\u0131 gereken tehlikeli at\u0131k mevzuatlar\u0131, yakma tesislerinin karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m kotalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dolu olu\u015fu, olu\u015fan hava su ve toprak kirlilikleri, onlar\u0131n, b\u00f6ylesi \u201cpis i\u015fler\u201di, sanki g\u00fczel bir ticaret alan\u0131 yarat\u0131yormu\u015f gibi az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelere havale etmelerine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye neden al\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00e7ok plastik \u00fcreten ikinci \u00fclkesi oldu\u011fu, plastik at\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesisleri i\u00e7in ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de bu ithalat\u0131 hangi \u015firketlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ka\u00e7 tane lisansl\u0131 plastik at\u0131k geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesisi oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131nda yeterli bilgi yok. Kendi geri-d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm konusu at\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, hem d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tonajda hem \u00e7ok kirli oldu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor.<\/p>\n Kayna\u011f\u0131ndan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma konusunda ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada ama kendi at\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ithal at\u0131ktan daha kirli oldu\u011fu ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, y\u0131kama, kategorize etme i\u015fleminin ithal at\u0131ktan daha farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu pek ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fil.<\/p>\n Halkta geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm bilinci de yarat\u0131labilmi\u015f de\u011fil. \u0130ki ad\u0131m daha y\u00fcr\u00fcmemek i\u00e7in klasik evsel at\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm konteyner\u0131na atan apartman g\u00f6revlileri var sitelerde.<\/p>\n Tarihsel olarak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, b\u00fcy\u00fck ticari veya end\u00fcstriyel siteler, matbaalar vs. geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ihaleye \u00e7\u0131kararak orta boy i\u015fletmelere sat\u0131yordu. Ancak 2017\u2019den sonra devlet yard\u0131m\u0131yla kurulmu\u015f te\u015fvikli \u00f6zel i\u015fletmeler (Sertifikal\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesisleri) t\u00fcredi. Orta boy eski i\u015fletmelere de gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flayamad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sertifika verilmiyor.<\/p>\n \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6rde y\u0131llard\u0131r sadece kaba i\u015f\u00e7ilik ve bantla ay\u0131klama yaparak kendi plastik gran\u00fcl imalat\u0131n\u0131 da yapan i\u015fletmeler kapanmaya zorland\u0131. Orta boy i\u015fletmelerden ve evsel at\u0131klardan ay\u0131klayarak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc toplayan \u00e7ek\u00e7ek\u00e7iler bir depoya bunlar\u0131 sat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Depolar da geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesislerine sat\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bu hizmetin belediyeler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yine belediyenin kuraca\u011f\u0131 tesislerde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 planland\u0131. Ama \u00e7\u00f6pten ay\u0131klama i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi yerine kumbara koyma sistemi ile geli\u015ftirilen y\u00f6ntem verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fam\u0131yor. Belediyeler b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde, \u00f6rne\u011fin \u0130stanbul i\u00e7inde toplad\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini eskiden i\u015fletmelere sat\u0131yorlar ve sene sonunda ibraz ettikleri faturalarla Ankara\u2019dan te\u015fvik al\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u015eimdi \u0130STA\u00c7\u2019\u0131n Kemerburgaz\u2019daki tesisinde i\u015flenmeye ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor, ancak s\u00f6z konusu tesis evsel organik at\u0131klar i\u00e7in kompost tesisi ve plastik at\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7ermiyor. Ayr\u0131ca 2021\u2019in ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Kemerburgaz At\u0131k Yakma ve Enerji \u00dcretme tesisinin in\u015faat\u0131 devam ediyor.<\/p>\n \u201cTicari s\u0131r\u201d konusu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde \u00e7ok ge\u00e7erli. Eski\u015fehir Sanayi Odas\u0131\u2019ndan \u00d6mer Benli \u201cCiddi ve kurumsal firmalar ton ba\u015f\u0131na 100-600 Euro \u00f6deyerek plastik at\u0131k ithal ediyor. Denetim a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanan k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ki\u015filer ise \u00fcst\u00fcne ton ba\u015f\u0131na 50- 100 Euro alarak, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k plastik kodunu kullanarak \u00e7\u00f6p ithal ediyor ve bunu tarlalara b\u0131rak\u0131p ka\u00e7\u0131yorlar.\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc bu konuda muhtemel olabilecekler hakk\u0131nda fikir veriyor.<\/p>\n \u0130thal edilen plastik at\u0131klar geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp ham plastikle de kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak tekrar plastik \u00fcretimi yap\u0131l\u0131yor deniyor ancak T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in en son 2016\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veriye g\u00f6re t\u00fcm \u00e7\u00f6plerin sadece %1\u2019i geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kalan\u0131 g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da depolanm\u0131\u015f. Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ticari s\u0131rd\u0131r olmu\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak:<\/p>\n \u0130thalatta a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan bir denetimsizlik ve muamma oldu\u011fu ortada. T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6ncelikli olarak kendi geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm at\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kendi kaynaklar\u0131nda sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015fmal\u0131, ithal edilecek plastik at\u0131\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten ay\u0131klama ve i\u015fleme olana\u011f\u0131 olan minimum fire (\u00e7\u00f6p) y\u00fczdesi verecek \u015fekilde olmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ithal eden, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren firmalar hakk\u0131ndaki bilgiler \u015feffaf olmal\u0131, ka\u00e7 ton plastik geldi\u011fi, bunun ka\u00e7 tonunun geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayl\u0131k raporlarla a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131, \u00e7\u0131kan fireler At\u0131k Yakma tesislerinde i\u015flenerek do\u011fam\u0131z\u0131n kendi y\u00fck\u00fcm\u00fcz yan\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n da y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekmesi engellenmelidir.<\/p>\n Toplan(a)mayan, g\u00f6m\u00fclen depolanan her \u00e7\u00f6p\u00fcn en sonunda gidece\u011fi yerin denizler oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. 2018\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da olu\u015fan sel sular\u0131yla tonlarca \u00e7\u00f6p Marmara Denizi\u2019ne akt\u0131. Bu gidi\u015fle de daha \u00e7ok akacak\u2026 Asl\u0131nda bir \u00e7\u0131kmaz sokaktay\u0131z, t\u00fcm bu sorunlar\u0131 kapitalizm \u00e7\u00f6zemez!<\/p>\n Kaynak linkler:<\/strong><\/p>\n https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-dunya-57142579<\/p>\n https:\/\/tr.sputniknews.com\/asya\/202012031043334217\u2013cin-1-ocak-2021den-itibaren-yabanci-cop-ithalatini-durduruyor\/<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.dunya.com\/sehirler\/atik-plastik-keyiften-degil-ihtiyactan-ithal-ediliyor-haberi-604686<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/haberler-turkiye-57140139 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrkiye son 7 y\u0131lda h\u0131zla artan bir oranda plastik at\u0131k ithal ediyor.…\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":35446,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4689],"tags":[5282,5283,5286,5285,5284],"class_list":{"0":"post-35441","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-secki","8":"tag-cop","9":"tag-copithal","10":"tag-copler","11":"tag-ingilterecop","12":"tag-ithalcop"},"acf":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35441"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35441\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35441"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35441"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eonmeet.com\/pol\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}